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1.
Quality of Web-based Information on Pathological Gambling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Khazaal Y Chatton A Cochand S Jermann F Osiek C Bondolfi G Zullino D 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):357-366
The present study aims to evaluate the quality of web-based information on gambling and to investigate potential content quality
indicators. The following key words: gambling, pathological gambling, excessive gambling, gambling problem and gambling addiction
were entered into two popular search engines: Google and Yahoo. Websites were assessed with a standardized proforma designed
to rate sites on the basis of “accountability”, “presentation”, “interactivity”, “readability” and “content quality”. “Health
on the Net” (HON) quality label, and DISCERN scale scores aiding people without content expertise to assess quality of written
health publication were used to verify their efficiency as quality indicators. Of the 200 links identified, 75 websites were
included. The results of the study indicate low scores on each of the measures. A composite global score appeared as a good
content quality indicator. While gambling-related education websites for patients are common, their global quality is poor.
There is a need for useful evidence-based information about gambling on the web. As the phenomenon has greatly increased,
it could be relevant for Internet sites to improve their content by using global score as a quality indicator. 相似文献
2.
Samuel Estreicher 《Journal of Labor Research》2006,27(4):505-511
In September 2005, six unions representing 5.4 million workers held their founding convention as a new federation independent
of the AFL-CIO. Infelicitously named “Change to Win Federation” (CTWF), the new alliance has called for a rededication of
union resources and energies towards organizing the unorganized. Although CTWF has occasioned considerable interest and speculation
among labor supporters and observers, it is difficult to determine why the break occurred, other than, perhaps, the personal
agenda of some of its leaders. An unstated, significant reason may be a desire on the rebels’ part to operate relatively free
of “noraiding” strictures of the AFL-CIO, even though the group disclaims any interest in challenging existing bargaining
relationships and has penned “solidarity pacts” with some of its principal AFL-CIO competitors and with state and local units
of the federation. Competitive forces are missing in the market for workplace representation services. The new group may reignite
the rival unionism that spurred organized labor’s marked growth from 1935–1954, but early returns suggest an emphasis on militant
posturing and on trendy, implausible themes such as “global unionism” and “subcontracting out strikes.” 相似文献
3.
Interdisciplinary foundations of urban ecology 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Robert F. Young 《Urban Ecosystems》2009,12(3):311-331
Researchers have identified urban ecology as a new field integrating social and ecological science. Critics have portrayed
the field as under-theorized with negative implications for research and urban environmental planning. Unprecedented urbanization
and historical bias against research integrating social and ecological systems are identified as driving this deficit. Researchers
have called for new integrative approaches to address this issue. In response, this paper applies ecology’s analytic framework
of “patch dynamics”, Kuhn’s concept of “normal science” and Mazoyer and Roudart’s “evolutionary series” to demographic data
and historical texts to perform an analysis of interdisciplinary contributions to theory applicable in the field of urban
ecology. The subsequent exploration reveals a rich history of interdisciplinary inquiry along the nature/society divide. The
paper concludes that these “largely ignored” contributions offer urban ecology the opportunity to claim much broader depth
as a field gaining access to precedents and innovations accomplished during the field’s early theoretical development. Drawing
upon this history, a framework for ecological urban development is suggested to inform and assist contemporary research in
urban ecology and planning.
相似文献
Robert F. YoungEmail: |
4.
Leo Troy 《Journal of Labor Research》2001,22(2):246-259
Conclusion The Old Unionism, organized labor in the private economy, is in irreversible decline. Economic and market factors beyond its
control are principally responsible. The absence of effective leadership and its emphasis on political, instead of trade union,
goals do not help. The substitution has diverted much of organized labor’s large financial resources to advancing a political
agenda which has brought no material gains in membership and market share, but stigmatizes the union movement as a “special
interest” group and as the Luddites of the new century: “American labor organizations ... are shaped much more basically by
events of the past century than by forces of the past fifteen years” (Dunlop, 1978, p. 79).
I am indebted to Ka-Neng Au, librarian at the Dana Library of Rutgers University, Newark, for his accurate and timely assistance
with research information and citations of various references. 相似文献
5.
Carol S. Lidz 《Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless》1997,6(2):95-111
Dynamic assesment is a relatively new model of psychoeducational assessment. Administration typically follows a pretest-intervene-posttest
format, with instruction embedded within the assessment procedure. Resulting information addresses issues of the responsiveness
of learners to intervention, the intensity and nature of input required to induce change, and the approach of the leaner to
problem-solving. The model primarily addresses issues of “how” learners learn and “how” learners are best instructed, rather
than questions of classification or program eligibility. Dynamic assessment shows promise for providing instructionally relevant
information for culturally diverse learners. This article describes the dynamic assessment model, examples of currently available
procedures, and research specifically involving students from minority backgrounds. 相似文献
6.
Biobanks, collecting human specimen, medical records, and lifestyle-related data, face the challenge of having contradictory
missions: on the one hand serving the collective welfare through easy access for medical research, on the other hand adhering
to restrictive privacy expectations of people in order to maintain their willingness to participate in such research. In this
article, ethical frameworks stressing the societal value of low-privacy expectations in order to secure biomedical research
are discussed. It will turn out that neither utilitarian nor communitarian or classical libertarian ethics frameworks will
help to serve both goals. Instead, John Rawls’ differentiation of the “right” and the “good” is presented in order to illustrate
the possibility of “serving two masters”: individual interests of privacy, and societal interests of scientific progress and
intergenerational justice. In order to illustrate this counterbalancing concept with an example, the five-pillar concept of
the German Ethics Council will be briefly discussed. 相似文献
7.
Modernization theory posits a change from traditional or “collective” forms to modern or “reflective” forms of volunteering.
In a research project using a combined qualitative–quantitative approach, the motivation of 118 young Swiss adults who showed
an interest in international volunteering was investigated. Qualitative analysis revealed 12 different motives which could
be categorized into three different groups: A first group called “Achieving something positive for others,” a second group
named “Quest for the new,” and a third group of motives labeled “Quest for oneself.” Motivations of young Swiss adults for
international volunteering clearly show the characteristics of “reflexive” volunteers. Most respondents displayed a combination
of motives while for only 11% of them altruism (“Achieving something positive for others”) was the one and only driving force
behind their interest in international volunteering. The inductively constructed typology of motives can be a useful planning
device for organizations that run or intend to set up an international volunteering program for young adults. 相似文献
8.
This paper considers the possibility that early sociological interest in the integrative role of mass communication may have
been undermined (1) by the short-run study of media “campaigns,” and the declaration that such persuasive efforts have only
“limited effect”; (2) by the wrangling over theories of “mass society”; and (3) by a quasi-journalistic emphasis on “media
events.” In spite of the theoretical basis for reconciling these traditions, the rift over the academic locus of communications
research has not been repaired. 相似文献
9.
Sociological production is a situated and embodied activity carried out by individuals inserted in actual social relations.
Considering that this feature has an influence upon the content of scholarly literature and that it can be revealed in the
scientific text itself, I propound a new interpretation of the writing process of Robert E. Park's “The City,” the famous
paper he published initially in 1915. Customarily depicted as a manifesto for an autonomous urban sociology, I argue on the
contrary that its general economy has to be linked to Park's biographical background. When he affiliated with the Sociology
Department at the University of Chicago, Park was brought to teach a course on the social survey. “The City” was to be the
academic expression of his point of view on the topic. Park's biographical encounters with some active promoters of the social
survey approach are evidenced and their influence onhis 1915 essay is carefully analyzed, showing notably that curious intellectual
omissions in “The City” can be traced back to these previous encounters. Park's latter texts, and the 1925 revised version
of “The City” in particular, are shown to provide the interwar sociologists with a peculiar narrative about the history of
sociology: Park's predecessors are deliberately confined in a pre-scientific stage of the discipline and Park's original essay
is presented as a seminal research program destined to be later fulfilled by the newly established urban sociologists.
The author wishes to thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful and helpful comments on the first draft of the paper,
Lawrence T. Nichols for his kindly editorial guidence, and Jacques Marquet and Felice Dassetto for their marerial support. 相似文献
10.
Serge-Christophe Kolm 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2011,9(3):329-352
Deriving comparisons and measures of inequality from full ethical foundations was a main innovation of the 1960s and pursuing
it is still a most fruitful direction. This implies using “equal equivalents” and some principles particularly rich in meanings.
Multidimensional inequalities can be measured and compared thanks to the “equal-equivalent manifolds”. The “equal-equivalent
utility function” defines individual “welfare” cleaned of differences in sui generis individual tastes and hedonic capacities deemed irrelevant for “macrojustice”. Then, equal allocation is a deeper end-value
than equal welfare but has to be complemented by free choice for freedom, Pareto efficiency and a demanded partial self-ownership.
The result is the richly multi-meaning “equal-labour income equalization”. 相似文献
11.
Nancy Plankey-Videla 《Qualitative sociology》2012,35(1):1-21
This article examines the implications of informed consent in organizational ethnographies, where the research site is a bounded
and formal institution that has its own sets of rules which govern action and membership. While there is considerable scholarship
on the issue of ethics in ethnography in general, very little has been written about informed consent in organizational ethnographies
where researchers often simultaneously observe managers, “studying” up according to Nadar, and employees referred to as “studying
down”. Organizational researchers tend to discuss ethics in terms of obtaining informed consent for individual interviews
or in terms of access to an organization as a research site. This essay examines ethical dilemmas experienced in fieldwork
studying participatory work arrangements in a Mexican garment firm. By discussing practical issues of gaining access, problems
of maintaining access and consent, and concerns of how gatekeeper consent affects subordinates, I problematize the practice
of obtaining informed consent in organizations. I argue that thinking of informed consent as an on-going process that requires
an active reflexivity on the part of the ethnographer will help researchers to navigate the ever-shifting web of power dynamics
present in organizations. 相似文献
12.
Japanese firms have become increasingly important first-tier suppliers to the U.S. commercial aircraft industry (large passenger
jets). Over time, this relationship has evolved from a simple “build to print” subcontractor arrangement to a turnkey “design
and build” risk-sharing partnership. Using the Boeing 767, 777, and 787 as examples, we argue that the motives for Boeing’s
commercial outsourcing to Japan are to access the Japanese market, spread risk, gain access to capital, and lower U.S. spending
on research and development (R&D). This has clear implications for U.S. trade and employment, in that Japanese-subcontracting
boosts foreign imports and reduces the need for domestic production workers and U.S. suppliers. From a trade perspective,
however, a troubling feature of allowing the Japanese to produce large commercial aircraft subassemblies is that major Japanese
public financial supports are involved which contravene existing international agreements on production subsidies. We review
the types of production contracts that Japanese companies have sought on the Boeing 767, 777, and 787 programs. These contracts
have allowed the Japanese to develop new capabilities in terms of production capacity, tooling, design, and final assembly.
Ultimately, these capabilities imply that Japan will eventually enter the market as a fully-fledged producer of commercial
aircraft. This does not bode well for the U.S. commercial aerospace sector. 相似文献
13.
Nancy A. Naples 《Qualitative sociology》1996,19(1):83-106
This article draws upon findings from an ethnographic study of two towns in rural Iowa to examine the adequacy of the insider/outsider
distinction as a guideline for evaluating and conducting ethnographic research. Utilizing feminist standpoint and materialist
feminist theories, I start with the assumption that, rather than one “insider” or “outsider” position, we all begin our work
with different relationships to shifting aspects of social life and to particular knowers in the community and this contributes
to numerous dimensions through which we can relate to residents in various communities. “Outsiderness” and “insiderness” are
not fixed or static positions, rather they are ever-shifting and permeable social locations illustrated in this case study
by the “outsider phenomenon.” Community processes that reorganize and resituate race-ethnicity, gender and class relations
form some of the most salient aspects of the “outsider phenomenon.” These dynamic processes shaped our relationships with
residents as ethnographic identities were repositioned by shifts in constructions of “community” that accompanied ongoing
social, demographic, and political changes. 相似文献
14.
Norman K. Denzin 《The American Sociologist》2002,33(2):105-117
“The claim that all the world’s a stage is sufficiently commonplace for readers to be familiar with its limitations and tolerant
of its presentation.” (Goffman 1959, 72, 254)
“Given that the logic of privatization....now odiously shapes archetypes of citizenship, [and] manages our perceptions of
what constitute the ‘good society’....it stands to reason that new ethnographic research approaches must take global capitalism
not as an end point of analysis, but as a starting point.” (Kincheloe and McLaren 2000, 304)
“My abhorrence of neoliberalism helps to explain my legitimate anger when I speak of the injustices to which the ragpickers
among humanity are condemned. It also explains my total lack of interest in any pretension of impartiality, I am not impartial,
or objective...[this] does not prevent me from holding always a rigorously ethical position.” (Freire 1998, 22) 相似文献
15.
Many sociologists have suggested that the dominant paradigm in sociology ignores the environment, which accounts for the fact
that environmental sociology is poorly represented in sociology’s mainstream journals. The purpose of this article is to test
this assumption empirically by examining the coverage of environmental sociology in nine mainstream sociology journals from
1969 through 1994. The nine journals are separated into two tiers, representing higher and lower prestige journals. Each environmental
article is categorized by its area (attitudes and behaviors, environmental movement, political economy, risk, and “new human
ecology”) and whether it involves “sociology of the environmental issues” (the application of standard sociological perspectives
to environmental issues) or “core environmental sociology” (the examination of societal-environmental relationships). We find
that less than two percent of all articles published in the sampled journals in the twenty-five-year period of study were
environmental, and that the higher tier journals were less likely to publish environmental articles than were the lower tier
journals. Environmental articles were more likely to be part of “core environmental sociology” after 1981 than they were “sociology
of the environmental issues,” which suggests a greater recognition among both environmental sociologists and journal reviewers
that human societies are ecosystem-dependent. The number of environmental articles increased in the 1990s, portending a fruitful
period for sociologists specializing on the environment. We argue that the broader field of sociology can benefit by recognizing
the linkages environmental sociology has to other sociological specializations and that, ultimately, sociology needs to be
able to address environmental variables in order to understand society.
Naomi T. Krogman’s primary interest is in stakeholder framing of environmental disputes and natural resource policy change.
She is currently a research sociologist at the Center for Socioeconomic Research at the University of Southwestern Louisiana
and adjunct faculty in the Department of Sociology, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504-0198.
JoAnne DeRouen Darlington is a research sociologist focusing on social change and community sustainability emerging from the
disastrous interactions between society and the environment. She is currently employed with the Natural Hazards Research Center,
Campus Box 482, Boulder, CO 80309. 相似文献
16.
Francesca M. Cancian 《The American Sociologist》1993,24(1):92-106
The article compares participatory research and alternative activist approaches, based on the literature on participatory
research and interviews with nine successful sociologists who use alternative approaches. Participatory research, distinguished
by high control over research by community members, equalizes power within the research process, but often retards academic
publication and career advancement. The interviews show that successful academics retain control over their research, experience
mild to severe conflicts with departments, and develop various strategies for combining activism and career success. All types
of activist research are more effective in challenging inequality if they involve activist community organizations.
Her research has focused on family, gender, and feminist and participatory methods. Recent publications includeLove in America, “Feminist Science,” and “Participatory Research” with Cathleen Armstead. Her current participatory research project explores
“Family and Community Caring” in a Mexican-American community. Address for correspondence: Francesca M. Cancian, University
of CA, Dept. of Sociology, Irvine, CA 92717. 相似文献
17.
The “finesse point” introduced here extends the notion of a core; it is a position that minimizes what a candidate needs to
do to counter moves that are made by an opponent. The definition, which is motivated by the “chaos theorem” as well as by
the dynamics of positive and negative political campaigning, is also used to define a “malicious point,” which is an optimal
location from which a candidate can engage in “negative campaigning.” 相似文献
18.
19.
Hendrik Jürges 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(4):299-323
The paper studies the relevance of gender ideology for the geographic mobility of families using data from the German Socio-economic
Panel. The analysis proceeds in two steps. First, it is shown that single men and women—who are in some sense “unconstrained”
optimizers—reveal identical mobility patterns. There are no fundamental gender differences in the inter-regional mobility
of German singles. Second, I focus on dual-earner households and split this group into “traditional” and “egalitarian” couples
using information on their factual division of housework rather than their reported gender ideology. Separate migration analyses
for both groups reveal important differences indicating the significance of gender ideology in families’ migration behavior:
job-related characteristics of men statistically dominate those of women in traditional couples, whereas in egalitarian couples,
male and female characteristics have the same effect on family migration behavior, i.e. there is no gender bias. Failure to
account for the heterogeneity in gendered family roles across families thus misses an important explanatory factor in migration
research.
相似文献
20.
Lars Skov Henriksen Steven Rathgeb Smith Annette Zimmer 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2012,23(2):458-501
Increasing societal heterogeneity, changing demographics, and increasing public debt and fiscal constraints have recently
challenged traditional “regime” approaches to welfare state development. Some scholars argue, against this background, that
welfare states might plausibly move out of their “regime container” by opting in favor of similar solutions and responses.
This potential trend toward “convergence” might, furthermore, be facilitated by the widespread use of new public management
ideas and techniques for “reinventing government” by adopting market solutions to public problems. This article investigates
whether such trends of convergence can be identified by comparing three different countries each traditionally looked upon
as belonging to different welfare state regimes: Denmark, Germany, and the United States. More specifically the article looks
at one important segment of welfare state activity, namely social services and related health care. To further focus the analysis,
special attention is devoted to the changing role played by the third sector in delivering services. The research design,
thus, differs from most comparative welfare state research. Instead of analyzing a broad set of quantitative indicators in
a large number of countries, it is scrutinized how some of the same problem pressures and policy ideas are being interpreted
and implemented in a small number of countries within one policy area. The analysis reveals that trends of convergence—conceptualized
along four dimensions: ideas, regulation, mix of providers, and revenue mix—can be identified across the three cases, though
this does not mean that the market share of nonprofit providers becomes the same. The study also reveals that fundamental
aspects of state–nonprofit relations persist despite trends of convergence. 相似文献