基于企业集群的隐性知识转移模型

企业集群已成为企业合作的主要模式,集群的关键是要实现知识的转移,尤其是隐性知识的转移.本文提出了基于企业集群的知识转移三阶段博弈模型,分析了企业集群中隐性知识转移与企业之间距离的关系,探讨了互补性知识对隐性知识转移的影响.     

服务传递过程中员工隐性知识的获取

服务产品的交互性特征决定了员工在服务传递过程有着大量隐性顾客知识的转移。通过从个人层面关注服务企业的隐性顾客知识获取,文章构建了一个服务传递过程中隐性顾客知识获取的模型,分析了服务员工分别以直接和间接两种不同渠道获取隐性顾客知识的机理,并且针对服务员工在服务传递过程中进行隐性顾客知识获取的各种障碍提出了对策。     

基于知识创造和知识溢出的R&D联盟的动态模型

本文通过对R&D联盟中企业间知识创造和知识溢出的分析,给出了知识存量的一般表示方法,并将参与企业的知识投入和开放水平视为内生变量,构造了知识联盟R&D两阶段的非合作动态博弈模型,提出了在对称的情况下纳什均衡存在并有唯一解的条件,分析了知识投入和知识开放水平在联盟不同时期对企业均衡利润的影响,并通过案例对部分命题提供佐证。最后,在模型假设和模型思想方面进行了一些简单探讨。     

论企业战略联盟的知识转移

知识是企业持续竞争优势的重要来源,而战略联盟的出现为企业提供了知识获得和转移的有效途径。通过对企业战略联盟的演化和企业知识的特点论述,说明知识转移对于企业战略联盟的重要性,并分析了知识转移的过程和转移中的障碍因素,同时给出了若干促进联盟内知识转移的有效措施。     

RBF神经网络在企业隐性知识转移效果评价中的应用

企业隐性知识转移的效果是企业进行隐性知识高效管理的关键,是实现企业技术创新的核心环节。本文通过对山西文化企业隐性知识转移效果进行实证调查和分析,建立了一套隐性知识转移效果评价指标体系。然后在此基础上提出了一种基于RBF神经网络的隐性知识转移效果评价方法,并通过实际应用研究,分析其特点,从面为企业隐性知识管理提供一种机关报的科学方法。     

中介机构参与下联盟企业知识转移的三方利益博弈分析

知识转移是企业保存知识、提升创新能力的重要途径,中介机构在转移过程中发挥了重要作用。本文以联盟企业间知识转移为研究对象,考虑了企业的不同心理压力,首先建立了联盟企业双方的讨价还价博弈模型;其次构建了考虑中介机构参与知识转移的博弈模型,分析和讨论三方收益变化的影响因素及策略选择。结果表明,在直接知识转移博弈中,转移主体的收益大小与自身的心理压力呈负相关,而与对方的心理压力呈正相关,同等心理压力下知识转出方占优;中介机构参与博弈情形下,中介机构作为协作角色的博弈收益仅受博弈双方心理压力影响,且与知识接收方协作可获得更大收益,而主导角色博弈情形下收益受到三方主体心理压力的综合影响,并在主导知识接收博弈时获得收益更大;中介机构的角色选择与知识转出方心理压力变化相关性不明显,主要受到知识接收方及自身心理压力影响。     

基于可拓方法的企业隐性知识管理绩效评价研究

企业隐性知识高效管理是企业获得持续竞争优势的关键,是实现企业知识创造和技术创新的核心环节.本文将可拓评价方法应用于企业隐性知识管理绩效评价中,并通过实际应用的研究,分析了该评价模型的应用方法及特点,对企业隐性知识管理的定性、定量综合评价方法进行了创新性研究,为企业的知识管理决策提供一种科学实用的新方法.     

基于结构方程模型的知识联盟激励协同序参量关系研究

基于全国多家知识联盟企业数据,探讨了知识联盟激励协同序参量关系的问题,提出了激励协同序参量的4个维度,并使用结构方程模型对其关系进行了检验。研究表明,活性激励对显性激励、隐性激励、涌现激励都有显著直接正向影响;显性激励对隐性激励有显著的影响;隐性激励对涌现激励有显著的直接正向影响;显性激励对涌现激励没有显著的直接影响,但通过隐性激励对涌现激励有显著的间接影响。由此,进一步拓展了知识联盟激励协同的相关理论,对维持知识联盟的有序发展有重要的指导意义。     

多事业部企业内的知识转移过程及影响因素分析

事业部间的知识转移和分享,可以改进企业绩效并提升核心竞争力.本文研究了多事业部企业内的知识转移过程,得出了多事业部企业知识转移过程模型.分析了事业部间结成的知识网络,研究了网络配置和网络中事业部间的联系.分析了多事业部企业社会资本的结构维度、认知维度和关系维度,并分别从社会资本三个维度出发,提出了企业内部网络中知识转移的影响因素.     

技术联盟知识转移激励模型及其实证

在分析技术联盟知识转移特征基础上,运用委托代理理论构建技术联盟知识转移激励模型,并提出相关研究假设,以技术联盟中知识转移方企业为研究对象,采用问卷调查方法,探讨信息不对称情况下知识转移方特质和外部不确定性对激励的影响以及知识转移方努力水平的影响因素,使用SPSS 16.0对问卷进行信度和效度分析,运用线性回归统计方法验证研究假设。研究结果表明,在知识转移方特质中,努力对产出的影响程度与激励呈正相关关系,知识转移方的风险规避度与激励呈负相关关系,外部不确定性对激励的影响不显著;知识转移方努力水平的影响因素中,知识价值与知识转移方的努力水平正相关,努力对产出的影响程度与知识转移方的努力水平显著正相关,显性激励与知识转移方努力水平的相关关系不显著。     

Innovation: a knowledge transfer perspective

One means of innovation is the adoption of new knowledge from external sources. This article describes theory building research to improve the transfer of knowledge between universities and businesses that are collaborating together. Using pilot studies and in-depth interviews based on real-life innovation projects, the research identified and confirmed two hypothetical constructs; that successful knowledge transfer comes from the transfer of tacit knowledge; and that tacit knowledge can best be transferred in this arena using rich media channels. This article describes the research and goes on to assess a range of channels for their media richness and their ability to transfer tacit knowledge. This article then positions this in the frame of collaborative or open innovation. It concludes that selection of the appropriate channel can improve the innovation through the transfer of knowledge between organisations and presents a model for successful application.     

Leveraging tacit knowledge in alliances: The importance of using relational capabilities to build and leverage relational capital

Effectively managing existing tacit knowledge stocks and transferring knowledge between partners contributes to firm capabilities that allow them to differentiate their goods and services from those of their competitors. Because it also helps them to provide greater value to customers, it contributes to the development of a competitive advantage. In highly competitive industries, firms need to focus on proactively managing their knowledge resources to ensure survival. However, the knowledge management process is at times complex especially because of the difficulty involved in conveying tacit knowledge. Due to its latent potential for enabling firms to achieve potential competitive advantage, how firms utilize and transfer stocks of tacit knowledge requires enhanced understanding. In specific, we explain how firms use relational capabilities to build relational capital with partners. In turn, relational capital facilitates the transfer of tacit knowledge between collaborating partners. We develop several propositions regarding the factors likely to influence the transfer of a firm's tacit knowledge resources in strategic alliances. The importance of social capital's relational dimension, relational capital, in this process is highlighted.     

考虑遗忘机制的企业隐性知识传播SIR模型研究

隐性知识及其传播是形成现代企业核心竞争力的重要基础。本文首先构建了包含学习者、传播者和免疫者三类传播主体,且考虑遗忘机制的企业隐性知识传播SIR复杂网络模型;其次,对模型进行稳态分析,从而计算出隐性知识在企业传播开来的传播率阈值λ_c,当隐性知识传播率λ>λ_c时,考察的隐性知识能够在企业内部传播开来,否则考察的隐性知识将在企业内部逐渐消失;最后,应用Matlab对模型参数进行仿真研究。研究发现：企业内部隐性知识传播受到遗忘因素和网络结构的影响,在网络结构确定的情况下,遗忘率越大,企业内部隐性知识的传播越缓慢,甚至逐渐消失。为了提高隐性知识传播效果,企业应该定期进行干预培训,降低遗忘机制对隐性知识传播的影响。     

控制,吸收能力与知识转移——基于离岸IT服务外包业的实证研究

离岸IT服务外包是一个知识密集过程,从海外客户到国内供应商的有效知识转移是成功的关键。然而,针对客户的不同控制模式和供应商的吸收能力对显性和隐性知识转移的不同影响,以及这两种知识转移对绩效影响的实证研究还极其有限。本文基于一项问卷调查,发现客户的正式控制对显性知识转移的影响比非正式控制的作用更强。隐性知识转移比显性知识转移更依赖于供应商的吸收能力,显性知识转移对隐性知识转移有积极促进作用。研究还显示,正式控制对离岸IT服务外包绩效有直接影响,但知识转移对外包绩效的影响并不显著。     

Uncertainty,pluralism, and the knowledge-based theory of the firm: From J.-C. Spender’s contribution to a socio-cognitive approach

J.-C. Spender’s award-winning, knowledge-based theory of the firm is based on four premises: (1) The firm can be sufficiently understood as a system of knowledge, (2) explicit and implicit knowing can be clearly dissociated, (3) organizations are conceived as cognizing entities, and (4) intuition shaped by shared cultural practices is a superior source of managerial knowledge. This line of reasoning represents a social constructionist view of the enactment, transfer, and storage of knowledge according to which managerial knowledge is largely tacitly shaped by industry recipes and the firm’s socio-cultural conventions and other social processes. Although comprehensive in scope, we argue that a knowledge-based theory of the firm needs to integrate a cognitivist approach that includes the synergetic production of tacit and explicit knowledge, the role of reflective thinking in resolving strategic uncertainties, and the interaction between the individual and the social. This socio-cognitive theory of the firm posits that sustained competitive advantage of a firm is founded on the ability to align knowledge internally within the firm as well as externally with its stakeholders through the individual sense-making of feedback from other individuals.     

Unveiling the black box of IJV innovativeness: The role of explicit and tacit knowledge transfer

This paper explores the relationships between the tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge, and innovativeness of International Joint Ventures (IJVs) based on knowledge-based and learning theories. In the context of IJVs, the relationship between knowledge (explicit and tacit) transfer and innovativeness is still complicated by many challenges. We conducted a survey of 199 IJVs in South Korea. A structural equation model was used to test hypothesized linkages. Our results confirm that explicit knowledge transfer is positively associated with innovativeness. The explicit knowledge transferred from the foreign parent to the IJV has a stronger impact on innovativeness than tacit knowledge does. Additionally, tacit knowledge proved to not exhibit a direct impact on the innovativeness of IJVs. The results provide strong support for the mediating role of explicit knowledge in the relationship between tacit knowledge transfer and an IJV's innovativeness. Finally, the strength of the relationship between only explicit knowledge transferred from a parent firm and an IJV's innovativeness increases with international work experience.     

Improving operational performance through knowledge exchange with customers

Drawing upon a knowledge-based view of the supply chain, this study analyses the antecedents and consequences of tacit and explicit knowledge transfer, from the supplier's standpoint. The proposed conceptual model is tested using survey data from a sample of 218 Canadian manufacturers. Results show that the exchange of tacit and explicit knowledge in the context of a relationship between a supplier and a customer has a positive impact on the supplier's operational performance. As expected, tacit knowledge exchange appears to have a stronger impact on performance than explicit knowledge exchange. Results also confirm the importance of the level of integration and inter-firm trust for the exchange of both types of knowledge. Although many studies of knowledge transfer in the supply chain have been published to date, no empirical study has specifically examined the simultaneous effect of both types of knowledge.     

知识链视角下开放式创新主体的联盟策略研究

创新联盟是开放式创新的实践基础,选择适宜的合作伙伴缔结创新联盟是组织面对的重要决策问题。本文以组织间知识转移为线索,考虑一个由知识源、知识转化中介与信息服务机构组成的知识链,以知识产权交易为合作机制设计序贯博弈模型,分析了不同的联盟策略对组织的知识创造与创新收益的影响。研究表明:缔结创新联盟能够产生双赢效应,即同时提高联盟内部成员与非联盟成员的知识创造及创新收益;知识链在集中决策时的整体创新收益与知识创造均高于分散决策;由知识源与信息服务机构组建创新联盟是分散决策下知识链的最优联盟策略。研究结论有助于揭示开放式创新的知识转移对组织联盟策略的作用机理。