Ryan White CARE Act and Collaborative Governance Re-Examined: the South Florida Experience

This research sequel employs collaborative governance framework with the aim to ascertain whether HIV/AIDS collaborative governance still works in Broward and Palm Beach Counties of South Florida within the context of efforts to provide care and treatment to target populations. The study uses interviews, observations, and document reviews to garner data from all relevant sources of the Councils and focuses on 2000–2006 and 2009–2013 time frames. The collected data was subjected to integration of themes and concepts based on category analysis. The analysis reveals representation and participation of target populations, service providers, non-elected community leaders and other relevant stakeholders in decision making enable collective problem solving. The research contributes to theory and praxis by highlighting collaborative governance presents public managers the viable option of serving as advocates of various interests in society.     

Open collaborative innovation and digital platforms

Abstract

This study uses contract theory to analyse the relationship between open collaborative innovation strategies and digital platforms. We argue that a collaborative mechanism and governance of the platform affect how operations are run and impact firm ambidexterity. We also explain how the twofold revealing strategy, both selective and free occurs via the platform and how governance positively impacts the coordination mechanism. A case study analysis on TIM OPEN draws a ground-breaking framework for future investigations. The analysis suggests that the combination of digital platform and collaborative innovation can facilitate the creative process and be a driver of operational synergies. Results confirm that the adoption of digital platforms for collaborative innovations reduces transaction costs.     

Uncertainty in interorganizational collaboration and the dynamics of trust: A qualitative study

The field study presented in the article illustrates how trust is operationalized in business practices. It shows that deciding to engage and remain in collaborative relations characterized by high uncertainty is influenced by reciprocal interactions among (i) transactional and relational attributes, (ii) organizational and environmental characteristics, (iii) governance structures and processes, and (iv) acts of suspension. Our framework demonstrates that exchange partners sometimes need to suspend (i.e., accept and embrace) risks in a non-calculative manner. Thus, building on a qualitative study of collaborative software development projects, this paper calls for the dynamic treatment of governance mechanisms in interorganizational relationships.     

Collaboration outcomes in a public sector: impact of governance,leadership, interdependence and relational capital

Collaboration between public agencies is critical to address social issues effectively. The main objective of this research was to identify the factors that lead to successful achievement of desired collaboration outcomes that could eventually lead to societal outcomes. The factors identified were: transformational leadership, governance, interdependence, and relational capital. An integrated framework was developed based on collaboration governance framework (CGF) of Ansell and Gash (J Public Adm Res Theory 18:543–571, 2008). The CGF framework has integrated the following four broad variables that are responsible for achieving the desired collaboration outcomes: starting conditions, institutional design, leadership, and collaborative process. The study was conducted in Malaysia by sending questionnaires to 500 officers in various ministries who were involved in planning, formulating, and implementing public policies. The main findings of this study are: (1) transformational leadership influences governance, interdependence, relational capital, and collaboration outcomes; (2) governance has impact on relational capital, interdependence, and collaboration outcomes; (3) relational capital and interdependence result in positive collaboration outcomes; (4) dimensions of governance are inter-related; and (5) interdependence and relational capital are strongly correlated. This research adds significantly to the literature on collaborative governance. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed.     

大气污染协同治理能促进污染物减排吗?--基于城市的三重差分研究

大气污染具有流动性,跨区域特征明显,协同治理至关重要。基于2010-2015年275个城市的面板数据,运用三重差分法(DDD)研究了大气污染协同治理对污染物减排的影响。从全样本分析结果来看,大气污染协同治理降低了工业二氧化硫排放量和工业烟(粉)尘排放量,而此结果并没有通过显著性检验。从子样本分析结果来看,大气污染协同治理显著降低了工业二氧化硫排放量,但对工业烟(粉)尘排放量没有产生显著影响。城市在促进不同污染物减排时存在差异,减排难度较低的污染物往往被优先完成。从时间效应来看,大气污染协同治理对污染物减排的影响存在时滞性,而且这种时滞性在不同污染物减排之间存在差异。     

The governance of free/open source software projects: monolithic, multidimensional, or configurational?

This paper presents the results of a qualitative review and synthesis of the literature on open source governance, addressing four key questions: (1) How has open source software (OSS) governance been defined? (2) Has the phenomenon of OSS governance been conceptualized as a monolithic or multidimensional phenomenon? (3) What purposes is OSS governance hypothesized to serve? and (4) What are the dimensions of OSS governance, and how are these dimensions related to each other? The results of the review suggest a framework for future comparative and case study research on OSS governance, and they provide a basis for comparison with research on the governance of other distributed, community-based forms of content and creation.     

Expectations and the performance of governance functions between a board,management and other stakeholders: the case of Robotdalen

Previous research has called for an enhanced understanding of the dynamic and interactional aspects of board work in public sector governance. Using a longitudinal case study of Robotdalen, this paper attempts to meet this call through a processual and qualitative study of board work in public organisations. The aim of the paper is to enhance our understanding of the human side of governance and the interactions between a board, the management in the governed organisation and other stakeholders. We do this by addressing the theoretical concept of an expectations gap. The results demonstrated how funding regimes influence governance functions, structures and practices at the organisational level, and how internal actors such as managers also carry out governance functions. Moreover, the results show how an expectations gap shifts and changes over time. In this way we have contributed a more nuanced theoretical understanding of how the governance function is co-produced and the importance of understanding the expectations gap to further understand the dynamics of public sector board work.     

城市突发公共卫生事件的循证治理机制研究

城市突发公共卫生事件的治理是城市公共管理、城市治理体系和治理能力现代化建设的重要工作之一。在分析我国现有突发公共卫生事件治理体系及存在问题的基础上,构建了循证治理的理论框架,并从循证治理的证据、公共价值和领导力三要素出发,总结突发公共卫生事件的循证治理过程,包括循证防控期、循证预警期、循证控制期和事后循证重建期四个过程,围绕循证治理过程中证据的生产、传播和应用,总结突发公共卫生事件的循证治理机制。以2019年新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的早期治理过程为案例,对疫情防控过程中证据的生产、传播和使用过程进行实证研究。研究结果表明,COVID-19疫情的早期证据质量被高估,决策者的公共价值导向和决策者的领导力还有待提升。最后从构建循证治理的证据平台角度出发,提出优化突发公共卫生事件循证治理的若干政策建议。     

合作电子商务价值创造的实证研究：情景双元理论

 开展企业间合作电子商务已经成为企业获取电子商务价值的关键路径。有研究认为具备情景双元性的企业能够获取合作电子商务活动的长期成功,然而关于情景双元性的前因,已有研究主要关注组织内的相关因素,缺乏对组织间合作商务管理因素的考虑。在合作电子商务的背景下,焦点企业需要构建一种企业间商务管理机制(即企业间情景),同时追求企业间整合性和适应性,进而获取合作电子商务价值。        基于组织情景双元理论,从合作商务管理的视角,实证研究企业间IT治理(包括正式治理和关系治理)对电子商务双元能力(包括电子商务整合能力和电子商务适应能力)的使能作用以及电子商务双元能力的价值驱动机制。采用问卷调查法,收集205家企业中高层管理者的数据,基于PLS的结构方程和Smart PLS工具对研究模型进行假设验证。        研究结果表明,与关系治理相比,作为硬性情景因素的正式治理更利于电子商务整合能力的形成;与正式治理相比,作为软性情景因素的关系治理更利于电子商务适应能力的形成;电子商务双元能力能够同时兼顾并影响短期和长期企业绩效。验证了合作环境动荡性在企业间IT治理与电子商务双元能力之间的正向调节作用,还发现合作环境动荡性在电子商务双元能力对价值驱动过程中的差异化调节作用,即合作环境动荡性正向调节电子商务适应能力与企业绩效的关系,但在电子商务整合能力与企业绩效之间的调节作用不显著。研究结果扩展了情景双元理论在信息系统领域的应用,丰富了企业间合作电子商务领域的研究视角,对业界和学术界均有重要的指导意义。     

The Impacts of Alliance Purpose and Partner Similarity on Alliance Governance

It is generally recognized that the governance structure of an alliance has an impact on its probability of success. In this study, we examine the choice between two alternative alliance governance structures: equity and non-equity. Drawing from transaction cost economics, two sets of factors, namely alliance purpose (R&D or marketing) and cultural distance between partners, are hypothesized to influence the above choice. We further hypothesize that collaborative R&D alliances, where both parties contribute technical knowledge, are more likely to lead to the formation of equity alliances than non-collaborative research agreements, where only one partner may be doing the research work. Based on a sample of 2407 alliances formed in the global biotechnology industry, we find partial support for the hypothesized relationships. Specifically, we find that collaborative R&D alliances are more likely to be equity alliances, whereas non-collaborative R&D alliances do not have any impact on the choice of the governance form. We also find that alliances formed with a marketing purpose are less likely to be equity alliances. We did not find any relationship between cultural distance and the choice of equity alliances.     

公司治理于财务困难公司效果之研究

美国Enron案发生后,为维护资本市场安定与保护投资大众,各国均致力提倡公司治理,如强化董监结构、股权结构与提升透明度等。然而,在主管机关与公司管理当局均认为企业公司治理机制已有显著的强化后,台湾企业诸如博达、讯碟等公司仍然持续爆发弊案。因此,治理政策是否确实落实执行于各企业,值得深入探讨。因此,本研究拟以财务危机公司的公司治理机制及其影响为探讨重点。首先了解公司爆发财务危机前的公司治理运作情形,进而讨论在发生财务危机后,采用各项公司治理机制是否对提升公司财务状况有所帮助,提供主管机关及投资人决策之分析。实证结果显示,董监事持股,控制股东担任董事监察人、专业经理人担任董事席位数、董事会规模这三项皆可做为投资人投资公司的参考,及财务危机公司是否能转危为安的判断依据。     

Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a Randomized Policy Experiment in India

This paper uses political reservations for women in India to study the impact of women's leadership on policy decisions. Since the mid‐1990's, one third of Village Council head positions in India have been randomly reserved for a woman: In these councils only women could be elected to the position of head. Village Councils are responsible for the provision of many local public goods in rural areas. Using a dataset we collected on 265 Village Councils in West Bengal and Rajasthan, we compare the type of public goods provided in reserved and unreserved Village Councils. We show that the reservation of a council seat affects the types of public goods provided. Specifically, leaders invest more in infrastructure that is directly relevant to the needs of their own genders.     

Sound Governance: Engaging Citizens through Collaborative Organizations

This paper addresses governance-citizen relationship and argues for ??sound governance?? and engaging citizens in public administration through collaborative organizations. After reviewing and analyzing the contemporary literature on the importance and various forms of governance, it: (1) argues for a new concept of ??sound governance?? with key dimensions and characteristics, (2) provides an imperative with rationales for engaging citizens in governance and governing in the twenty first century, and (3) offers alternative forms of collaboration and partnership building to engage citizens, enhance governance, and maximize citizen participation in public administration.     

Rethinking board diversity with the behavioural theory of corporate governance: opportunities and challenges for advances in theorising

In this study, a cross-theoretical hybridization between diversity archetypes and the behavioural theory of corporate governance is proposed. Within an integrative theoretical framework, I discuss three variants of the board’s social setting: diversity as variety; separation; and disparity. Their influence on the mechanisms of the socially-situated and socially-constituted agency, and in consequence the socially-constructed boardroom reality, is considered. The model stipulates what kind of impact individual agency perception, associated with each diversity archetype, can be expected to have on board task effectiveness (monitoring/control, resource-provision, and strategy-making/consulting). There are altogether six theoretical propositions made in this paper. The study represents an application of the behavioural theory of corporate governance in the theory-building paper. I utilise the notion of diversity and the theory of subgroups from existing group effectiveness literature. The proposed theoretical framework strongly benefits from recent taxonomically-systematizing efforts in the area of diversity research. The proposed model also allows for due consideration of behavioural patterns in the boardroom. This framework scores high on its generalisability to a wider population and realism of context, but low on its precision of measurement. A discussion of the model’s limitations unfolds in the wider context of the challenges and paradoxes/conundrums with which the community of corporate governance scholars is invariably confronted. The model suffers from a limited translatability of findings into actionable managerial implications and recommendations of the regulator, as expressed in corporate governance codes.     

Modelling collaborative product development using axiomatic design principles: application to software industry

Even though collaborative product development (CPD) is considered as a strategic business plan to maintain competitive advantage, the literature lacks a systematic and detailed model of CPD from a strategic point of view. This article aims to develop a CPD model based on an axiomatic design technique by offering a system perspective in the context of software development (SD). Software industry is characterised by a dynamic and innovative nature and it gives a suitable application area in order to detail the proposed model in industry. Three main dimensions of CPD derived from the literature are defined in strategic level: partnership process, collaboration process and PD/SD. These three dimensions are detailed into hierarchy through business feedback and by experts from software industry. The model is evaluated and verified through two interviews. A case study is then conducted to observe the performance of the model. The conceptual model offers a guideline for CPD practitioners to increase effectiveness in collaborative efforts in the development process. The proposed model incorporates the main success factors of CPD in general, collaborative SD in specific, and it can be used as a performance evaluator in collaborative projects.     

Corporate Responses to HIV/AIDS: Experience and Leadership from South Africa

HIV/AIDS harms the viability and competitiveness of African businesses. As a consequence, companies increasingly subscribe to the view that taking a proactive role to combat HIV/AIDS is not simply a question of compassion and good corporate citizenship. Rather, these firms see assertive action against HIV as critical to their long‐term profitability, and some have concluded that it is cost effective even in the short term. The article discusses how South African companies are taking action against HIV in ways that set new benchmarks, enhance the effectiveness of international AIDS advocacy efforts, and spur businesses across Africa and beyond to strengthen their corporate responses to HIV/AIDS.     

Incentivising inter-municipal collaboration: the Lombard experience

The purpose of this exploratory research is to show how incentive policies have helped to shape the scenario of inter-municipal partnerships in the Italian region of Lombardy. Do these policies really work? Have they been the driver of greater collaboration among municipalities? Overall, the impact of the financial subsidies can be seen mainly when the intended beneficiaries are involved in the stages of negotiation and commitment that precede the setting-up of the collaborative arrangements. However, the capacity of the incentives to ensure that collaborative efforts are effectively maintained and developed over time is questionable. Importantly, the incentives do not seem to make a real difference in the collaborative choices aimed at joint policy-making and regulation. This qualitative study extends the evaluation research on implementation and contributes to the partnership management debate.     

审计委员会治理：防范校企合作创新中逆向选择风险的作用

本文运用博弈论基本原理和模型,描述了校企合作创新中技术交易行为的整个博弈均衡过程.指明和阐释了逆向选择现象的形成机理,进而探讨如何发挥审计委员会等的监督和治理作用,以降低和防范逆向选择行为的发生.     

作为企业竞争优势源泉的网络治理--基本的概念分析框架和研究假设

本文以新经济形态下的网络组织交易模式--网络治理为研究对象,试图回答网络治理之所以成为企业竞争优势源泉的原因.为此,本文在新制度经济学交易成本思想的分析背景中,在治理结构连续体的基础上,将网络治理对应于这种分析背景中的混合治理模型展开分析.然后,根据经济学和管理学中已有的治理和战略、价值贡献要素以及竞争优势的规范逻辑关系,得到网络治理和竞争优势的关系.最后,本文应用资源基础论中一个关于企业战略选择价值分析的VRIO模型,尝试解析网络治理作为企业竞争优势源泉的原因,并为此提供了一个基本的概念分析框架和相应的研究假设.