论原始崇拜对萧红和迟子建小说儿童梦想世界生成的影响

萧红和迟子建小说儿童视角构成的儿童世界的独特审美形态和文化价值,主要体现在儿童梦想世界层面.运用原型理论来分析,这一儿童梦想世界的构建源于萨满文化万物有灵和万物有神信仰现形成的原始崇拜对作家文化心理的影响.儿童梦想世界的主要构成元素是具有童话特质的自然景色、通灵的女孩形象、慈善的长者形象和人格化的动植物形象.这些元素分别是萨满文化自然崇拜、女神崇拜、祖先崇拜和动植物崇拜的隐形结构.     

Social Security in the 1980s

In the evolution of social security policy over the past decade, a number of themes stand out: improving work incentives; reducing expenditure and civil servant numbers; simplification; targeting help on those in greatest need; the promotion of self-reliance and independence; tackling fraud and "abuse". Although not all exclusive to the Thatcher Government, they reflect to a great extent its wider ideological and economic preoccupations. This article examines how the Government's contradictory goals for social security were translated into specific policies, the extent to which their ideological thrust was tempered in practice, and the ambivalent attitudes towards "the poor" revealed in the interplay between ideology and pragmatic politics.     

The Medical Profession and the State: GPs and the GP Contract in the 1960s and the 1990s

This paper examines the two major conflicts between general practitioners and the state in the mid-1960s and again at the end of the 1980s. In the mid-1960s morale in general practice was low, but GPs emerged with a strong endorsement from government for their professional autonomy. In 1990 morale was high, but government succeeded in imposing a new contract on GPs that sought to increase their accountability. GPs have always defended their status as "independent contractors". However, the paper argues that GPs saw this status as a means of protecting their professional freedom and autonomy. When the government treated them more as independent contractors in 1990 and demanded more specific terms, GPs did not like it. Furthermore, the new GPs' contract was introduced alongside the new internal market of the NHS, which has had further implications for GPs' status as independent contractors.     

海上渔家

主题翻天覆地之前featuring primitive outlook海上渔家,位于世界园林博览会南区,保留着原始的盐池滩地、废弃的养虾池,它呈现出世博园建园前的本来面貌。这里,一抹荒凉突兀镶嵌在生机盎然的世博园中。海上渔家,是世博园中独此一处与美丽无关的景点。寥寥的青草、废弃的虾池诉说着这里原     

Police and Government in the 1990s

This article considers the proposals made for reform of local government and the creation of unitary authorities. It considers the relationship between police forces and local government and the introduction of new management structures for police forces. It argues for coterminous police and district authority boundaries, for district police committees and for closer coordination of police and other local services in the development of crime prevention programmes.     

The IPO phenomenon in the 1990s

Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) were the most prevalent form of securities issued to raise capital by firms wanting to go public during the last decade (1990–2000) in the United States. The IPO phenomenon got a tremendous boost during the late 1990s by the popularity of the Internet stocks. In the so-called ‘bubble period’ of 1998–1999, hardly a week went by when one or two IPOs, particularly of the Internet variety, did not appear in the capital market. In this paper we have analyzed the IPO phenomenon during 1990–1995 and during 1996–1999. We have also focused on Internet bubble during 1998–1999, and the IPO meltdown after March 2002. We have found that not all IPOs performed well in 1999, the majority of the 25 IPOs that had the highest first-day gains over 200% in 1999 had also a poor performance record during 2001–2002. As the IPOs issued now are few in number, we may not see the kind of ‘irrational exuberance’ as we witnessed in the late 1990s, for the foreseeable future in the United States.     

The senator’s tale: the development of Bremen’s bourgeoisie in the post-1945 era

Were members of the German bourgeoisie capable of forming the foundation for a new self-understanding of post-1945German society? Or did they prove to be unsuited as agents of Germany’s new beginning? This article seeks to answer these questions by focusing on historical developments in the early phase of the Federal Republic of Germany as reflected in the biography of one prominent representative of the German bourgeoisie. Theodor Spitta, who was born in 1873, was elected in 1911as a senator for life in the government of the Free Hanse City of Bremen. Spitta was an outstanding representative of a generation socialized under the last German Kaiser, a generation which perceived itself as part of a politically liberal Bremen bourgeoisie. He feared the gradual decline, indeed the disintegration of his class. None the less – or perhaps for that very reason – he committed himself to the goal of restoring a regionally specific form of bourgeois life in the city of Bremen. Although Spitta declared a ‘farewell to the bourgeoisie’ in his autobiographical texts, that did not prevent him from actively pursuing the revival of a unique urban-bourgeois ‘spirit’. This spirit was to serve as a tool in promoting Bremen’s central political goal in post-1945Germany: the preservation of the city-state’s unique status within Germany’s federal system.     

政府在住房抵押贷款证券化中的作用

借鉴美国等国家和地区政府在住房抵押贷款证券化中所发挥的作用,给我国住房抵押贷款证券化的有关启示:设立类似于美国FHA和VA的政府机构为某些群体提供住房贷款;在一二级抵押担保或保险的政府机构;设立专门从事住房抵押贷款证券化的政府或准政府机构。     

This Harlem life: black families and everyday life in the 1920s and 1930s

This article uses Probation Department files to reconstruct the lives of five ordinary residents of Harlem. It highlights what that black metropolis offered those outside the political and cultural elite, who have dominated historical scholarship, showing how ordinary blacks negotiated the challenges of life in northern neighborhoods, and drew on institutions and organizations, to establish and sustain new lives. We offer the kind of individualized perspective on everyday life that other scholars have provided for high culture, but which does not exist for other realms of existence in Harlem, even in early twentieth century sociological studies of black life. Where scholars seeking to distinguish the neighborhood from a slum have pointed to the prevailing pride and self-confidence of its residents, this article directs attention to more immediate, concrete supports that sustained and enriched life in Harlem. Relationships with spouses, children, siblings and cousins sustained individuals faced with the social reality of living in overcrowded, deteriorating, disease infested housing, subject to the racism of white police, politicians and employers; so too did friendships made in nightclubs, speakeasies, dances and movie theatres, and membership of churches, fraternal organizations, social clubs, and sports clubs and teams.     

早期佛教世界观的演进历程--以说一切有部经论为中心

三科在说一切有部阿毗昙中的细密分析过程中逐步成为佛教人本主义世界观的典范。五事是《俱舍论》之五位七十五法的雏形,亦是《百法明门论》产生的基础。它改变了根本说一切有部以蕴、处、界三科摄一切法的世界观。以五事摄一切法,是佛教世界观的一次重大变革。这场变革出现在说一切有部并非偶然,而是逻辑的必然。说一切有部精于论议,分别法相,被誉为佛教的经院哲学,又由于它受到古希腊罗马哲学思想的影响,特别是古希腊自然哲学的影响,其哲学思辨特质非常突出,其关注的重点亦由自身逐步拓展到整个世界。     

中国城市化网络体系的均衡分析

城市化在中国经济发展中具有极其重要的战略地位,研究城乡二元结构转换过程中的城市化问题具有重要的现实意义.城市化过程存在着城市化网络体系均衡发展问题,城市化网络体系的变动的原因是报酬递增所引起的,城市规模就是根据其边际收益的大小而变化的.建立引力均衡模型,提出了在网络经济条件下,没有恒定性的最优城市规模范围的观点.聚集规模的不同,城市由小到大,其边际收益逐级加大,要素从规模边际收益相对低的聚集点向规模收益相对高的聚集点流动.应建立城市发展从分散的乡村到集中的城市、从封闭的农村和城市到开放的互联的城市网络结构转型的动力机制.     

19世纪60-80年代俄国境内朝鲜移民法律地位形成的中朝因素探析

19世纪60-80年代,随着俄国积极吸引劳动力开发远东政策的推行,朝鲜移民数量逐年增加,其法律地位亟待确立.在19世纪下半叶东北亚各国利益角逐与权力制衡的背景下,俄国朝鲜移民的法律地位问题不仅关乎俄国自身大计,更牵涉了中朝利益.通过对解密的俄罗斯帝国对外政策档案及相关原始资料的分析,我们认为,中朝两国对俄国积极安置朝鲜移民政策进行了全力抵制,不仅影响了俄国境内朝鲜移民法律地位的形成,还阻止了俄国东北亚战略计划的实施.在中朝两国的反对下,俄国仅部分地确立了其境内朝鲜移民的合法地位,这大大限制了俄国远东地区的朝鲜劳动力数量,破坏了俄国利用朝鲜移民开发远东,并以此为契机渗入朝鲜、角逐东北亚的战略计划.