性别偏好研究——潮汕地区一个村落的实地调查

出生人口性别比是人们性别偏好的集中反映,其严重偏离正常值的问题已经引起我国各界的广泛关注.本文引入布迪厄的实践社会学,借鉴并补充场域-惯习研究范式,通过对广东潮汕地区一个村落的村民生育行为进行定性研究,解释和分析性别偏好现象.     

A Centenarian Couple:A New Guinness Record

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A Right to Exist: A Palestinian speaks

This paper links theory with practice. It discusses original video footage of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories, filmed by an all-woman crew of Western film-makers and Palestinians, which aims to challenge mainstream Orientalist discourses. The footage was shot in and around Al Aroub refugee camp in the West Bank and distributed through a variety of exhibition platforms. Western representations of Arabs are normally framed in a manner that allows little sympathy and/or understanding of their plight. Research has also shown a lack of knowledge in the West about the Palestinian/Israeli conflict. Focusing on “ordinary and everyday” aspects of Palestinian life, rendered often “extraordinary” by the circumstances of occupation, the footage attempts to draw connections and similarities for a Western audience and to illustrate that Palestinian daily lives are not “played out” only in opposition to the Israeli regime. The paper explores methods of enabling access to Palestinian voices in their own terms, while eliciting the empathy of audiences more accustomed to dramatised and stereotyped images of Palestinian life in Western news and current affairs footage.     

A rejoinder

In his thoughtful paper, Westoff has clearly shown that even if the ‘correct’ procedure is followed, it does not alter the finidngs of the Princeton studies. This is puzzling since his findings are so at odds with those reported by Duncan & Blau (footnote 21) for a National Sample of the U.S. population in the mid 1960s. The latter reported that the fertility of mobile couples was ‘intermediate’, between that prevailing in their place of origin, and in their place of destination, which is, of course, consistent with what we have noted for the Aberdeen sample. Thus, it would seem that one cannot easily dismiss the Aberdeen case as being different on the grounds that the social class system is more structured in Britain than in the U.S. The discrepancy in the findings is yet to be resolved.     

Selectivity Of Migrants To A Metropolis In A Developing Country: A Mexican Case Study

A proper evaluation of native-migrant differences requires information on migrant selectivity. Are migrants positively or negatively selective or are they representative of the populations from which they originate? This question was posed for a sample of male migrants to Monterrey, Mexico, a rapidly growing metropolis in a developing country. A comparison was made between the characteristics of migrants and census information for the origin populations for 1940 and 1960. Overall, in terms of education and occupational position, migrants are positively selective. However, using three time-of-arrival cohorts, it is shown that migrants have become less selective over time. There has been a shift from a “pioneer” to a “mass” pattern of migration, with the latter group more closely approximating the characteristics of the origin population. Besides having lower educational and skill levels, the “mass” migrants are more likely to be made up of married men and their families. To the extent that the Monterrey pattern will be encountered in other large and fast-growing urban areas in Latin America, it suggests that the assimilation of migrants in these places will become more rather than less difficult.     

生育意愿:是确定值还是区间

本文以2015年先后在北京和天津开展的"居民生育意愿和行为研究"为例,探讨个体生育意愿存在区间范围的现象.研究证实,在数量方面,两成以上的人计划生育1到2个孩子,后来由于种种原因生育了1个或者2个.在性别方面,"儿女双全"是大多数人的美好愿望,但是可能仅有不到一成的人会为了实现"儿女双全"而坚持生育两个孩子.有性别偏好并不意味着就会人为选择子女性别,只有拥有强烈性别偏好的人群规模才会与出生性别比升高密切相关.在年龄方面,实际生育子女的年龄在理想生育年龄3岁左右的范围内,都被认为是满意的.充分认识到个体生育意愿并不是一个确定值而是存在一个区间范围,这对于生育水平的预测具有重要的认识论和方法论意义.     

A Child Labour Estimator: A Case of Bahawalpur Division

Social Indicators Research - Child labor is a distressing issue. There have been many attempts to estimate its magnitude. It is attempted here to develop an estimator to assess the magnitude of...     

A Waif's Progress

This paper draws on a case study of media images of the British model Kate Moss to think through questions of affect, ideology, and pleasure in relation to fashion imagery. The question of whether and to what extent media images affect spectators is central to contemporary feminist media studies. The “turn to affect” has revitalised the debate about the extent to which media images can be held accountable for oppressive effects on the spectator's body image, with affect theory often being pitted “against” feminism in this regard. As Clare Hemmings states, affect theory emphasises how emotions place individual bodies in a circuit of feeling and response, connecting them to one another in ways that are potentially transformative. Through a critical reading of Kate Moss as a highly visible figure of projection, anxiety, and fantasy, I aim to show that whilst affects may be unpredictable, in that some media images become particular objects of attachment and anxiety, they are also mediated and political: that they engage us in intimate relations with ideologies of gender, power, and embodiment.     

一部不可多得的力作——评马佰莲博士的《国家目标下的科学家个人自由》一书

马佰莲博士、现为山东大学哲学教授,曾参与省部级人文社科基金多项,先后在《哲学研究》、《自然辩证法研究》及《科学研究》等国内重要学术刊物上发表专业学术论文三十余篇,出版著作多部。2008年由中国社会科学出版社出版的《国家目标下的科学家个人自由》一书,是她近期推出的又一部力作。     

A structural model of subjective well-being: A comparison of ethnicity

Using secondary data analysis, we proposed and tested a structural model of subjective well-being using LISREL V. Separate analyses were performed on samples of Asians (N=142), Blacks (N=338), Hispanics (N=188), and Whites (N=293). Exogenous predictor variables were age, serious personal loss, occupational status, and employment status. Endogenous predictors were self-perceived health, physical activity, and strength of social ties. Results indicated that within group models were somewhat different from each other. We concluded that analyses done separately be ethnicity yielded more accurate representations of structural models of subjective well-being, and provide evidence that ethnic groups are reference groups in which determinants of subjective well-being operate differentially.     

A Quality of Growth Index for Developing Countries: A Proposal

This paper proposes a new quality of growth index for developing countries. The index encompasses both the intrinsic nature and social dimensions of growth, and is computed for over 90 countries for the period 1990–2011. The approach is premised on the fact that not all growth is created equal in terms of social outcomes, and that it does matter how one reaches from one level of income to another for various theoretical and empirical reasons. The paper finds that the quality of growth has been improving in the vast majority of developing countries over the past two decades, although the rate of convergence is relatively slow. At the same time, there are considerable cross-country variations across income levels and regions. Finally, empirical investigations point to the fact that main factors of the quality of growth are political stability, public pro-poor spending, macroeconomic stability, financial development, institutional quality and external factors such as FDI.     

A neo-classical education transitions approach: A corrected tale for three cohorts

Analysts have regarded education transitions research as revealing late stage educational egalitarianism in the United States (e.g., Stolzenberg, 1994) and as sufficiently robust to guide policymakers (e.g., Hout, 2007). However, critics suggest parameter estimates are contaminated by selection bias (e.g., De Graaf & Ganzeboom, 1993), key parameter differences are unidentified (e.g., Cameron & Heckman, 1998), cross-transition comparisons are faulty, and the data are inappropriate. Useful modifications have been offered, (e.g., [Breen and Jonsson, 2000], [Hauser and Andrew, 2006] and [Lucas, 2001]), but analysts have yet to comprehensively address the challenges critics pose. In response, we propose a neo-classical education transitions approach that uses fuller sets of data and models that explicitly address the primary threats to proper inference. Using this approach we re-assess the educational attainment process for a baby boomer cohort, a Generation X cohort, and a Generation Y cohort. All cohorts fail to replicate the waning coefficients pattern. Methodologically, the study responds to criticisms in a way that offers methods for continued cross-national comparative research. Substantively, the study undermines confidence that standard education transitions research can provide policy guidance and the claim of late stage egalitarianism in the United States educational attainment process.     

A multi-city epidemic model

Some analytical results are given for a model that describes the propagation of a disease in a population of individuals who travel between n cities. The model is formulated as a system of 2n 2 ordinary differential equations, with terms accounting for disease transmission, recovery, birth, death, and travel between cities. The mobility component is represented as a directed graph with cities as vertices and arcs determined by outgoing (or return) travel. An explicit formula that can be used to compute the basic reproduction number, {\cal R}_0 , is obtained, and explicit bounds on {\cal R}_0 are determined in the case of homogeneous contacts between individuals within each city. Numerical simulations indicate that {\cal R}_0 is a sharp threshold, with the disease dying out if {\cal R}_0 1 .     

A sound population program

A sound population program must respond to real human needs, must be rooted in values, must generate results, must be administered in an integrated manner, must be based on the ethic and goal of self reliance and on the belief that it must operate and grow on its own steam, and must release human resources for productive economic endeavors. To make any sense at all, population must be linked to the gut level needs of the individual. People should not be viewed as demographic statistics, and the word human should be used in the basic sense of hunger and poverty. If the goal is to bring about lasting change in the way that Filipinos manage their lives and their living, it is necessary to probe their values. If social change is the goal, tradition must be challenged. In the area of family planning, persons who can communicate the fact that the program seeks to enrich life more than prevent birth must be chosen. There has been some criticism that the population/family planning program is "too contraceptive oriented" and too mechanistic in the approach to population. Contraception is behavior, a good measure of acceptance and an effective measure of commitment. The delivery of welfare must be horizontally integrated. Thus it is necessary to learn to work in teams, teams of development workers. The value of self determination and the conscious practice of planning and shaping one's life is the very logic of family planning. The program needs to implant the values of family planning firmly in the community, or, more accurately, in the small face to face primary groups where social norms are set and where change must take place if it is to last. The answer to how to achieve a sound population program lies less in what is done than how it is done.