A Social Welfare Theory of Trade Unions

There have been recent advances in the understanding of trade unions by modeling union objectives as maximizing a neoclassical utility function. While this literature is most relevant for autonomous and homogeneous local unions, there are also numerous large, heterogeneous trade unions in many countries. This paper illustrates that social choice theory presents a more realistic framework for explicitly modeling the aggregation of potentially diverse preferences within trade unions.     

工会能够维护流动人口劳动权益吗?

已有关于工会效应的研究多为平均意义上的结果,而对流动人口的研究则关注"底线保障",那么工会是否能在流动人口劳动权益方面起到积极的作用呢?本文基于2013年流动人口动态监测调查问卷的微观数据,利用干预效应模型对议题进行研究,结果表明:(1)工会可以切实维护劳动者权益。(2)工会对流动人口维权作用更大。在工资收入方面,流动人口的工会效应为34.18%,高于平均工会效应为4.36%;在工作时间方面,流动人口的工会效应为-24.87%,低于平均工会效应1.86%。(3)流动人口加入工会存在入会门槛,流动人口成为工会会员的概率较本地(户籍)人口低10.4%。(4)我国流动人口入工会率偏低的行业集中在建筑业、生产性服务业、消费性服务业以及公共服务业,部门集中在集体部门。为此,维护流动人口的劳动权益可能需要更加精准的工会服务。     

The Effect of Trade on Employment and Wages in Italian Industry

The paper analyses the labour market impact of international trade on the Italian manufacturing sector. Using data for a panel of manufacturing industries the effects of trade‐induced changes in sales on employment and wages are investigated. The evidence suggests that the industry adjustment to demand shocks took place mainly through employment changes. However, increased exposure to foreign competition had a small effect on the Italian labour market, while technological change seems to have a major role in explaining the increase in unemployment.     

我国教育系统工程研究20年的回顾与展望

我国的教育系统工程研究,如果从实质性大规模的研究工作起步的1983年算起,到2002年已经整整走了20个年头.教育系统工程是利用系统科学观念与方法研究教育问题所形成的交叉学科,是自然科学与社会科学相结合研究领域,教育系统工程研究能够弥补传统教育研究的思辨研究方法的不足,大大提高教育研究成果的可操作性和对教育实践的指导作用.本文对我国的教育系统工程研究进行历史回顾,对未来的发展趋势进行了分析展望.     

The Political System as a Problem for the Trade Unions in Italy: 1975-1983

ABSTRACT: This article focuses on a particular aspect of the evolution of the Italian trade unions, that is the problems faced by them in dealing with the political institutions and structures, or, in other words, the political system. We consider this period from the mid‘70s to the early 80s, because it represents the culmination of a gradual development in both unions and institutions during the previous years, and the resulting problems that evolved in the interaction between them and the political institutions. We look at how the unions’political action was modified during this lapse of time, and draw some conclusions about the unions resulting political role.     

关于作战指挥艺术的几个问题

指挥艺术在指挥理论体系中占有十分重要的地位。然而,长期以来,军事学术界对作战指挥艺术问题研究得并不多,对很多人来说,作战指挥艺术是个既熟悉又陌生、既古老又崭新的课题。尽管探讨作战指挥艺术问题已经有很长的历史了,但真正要把过去发生的战争以及现代高技术条件下发生的局部战争的指挥艺术弄明白,也不是一件简单的事情。军事谋略与作战指挥艺术近年发生的海湾战争、科索沃战争,尤其是从美国打击阿富汗恐怖主义战争来看,尽管每场战争的样式、规模、地域、手段和目的及现代化程度各不相同,但有一点是不变的,那就是作战双方指挥员的指挥…     

Board leadership structure and diversity over CEO time in office: A test of the evolutionary perspective on Italian firms

An evolutionary perspective on CEO-board relations suggests that CEO objectives and interests change over time, and that board roles should shift accordingly, from CEO leadership development during the early stages of CEO time in office toward monitoring during the latest stages. This study examines how two board characteristics, board leadership structure and board diversity, shape innovation investment among Italian firms. Empirical results support the hypothesized effects, suggesting that the board’s effects are contingent upon CEO time in office.     

The Impact of Logistics Performance on Trade

This paper studies the impact of logistics performance on global bilateral trade. Taking a supply chain perspective, logistics performance refers to cost, time, and complexity in accomplishing import and export activities. We draw on a data set compiled by the World Bank containing specific quantitative metrics of logistics performance in terms of time, cost, and variability in time. Numerous researchers have shown that logistics performance is statistically significantly related to the volume of bilateral trade. Our research calibrates the impact of specific improvements in logistics performance (time, cost, and reliability) on increased trade. Our findings can spur public and private agencies that have direct or indirect influence over logistics performance to focus attention on altering the most relevant aspects of logistics performance to improve their country's ability to compete in today's global economy. Moreover, as our logistics metrics are directly related to operational performance, countries can use these metrics to target actions to improve logistics and monitor their progress.     

The Power of the Last Word in Legislative Policy Making

We examine legislative policy making in institutions with two empirically relevant features: agenda setting occurs in real time and the default policy evolves. We demonstrate that these institutions select Condorcet winners when they exist, provided a sufficient number of individuals have opportunities to make proposals. In policy spaces with either pork barrel or pure redistributional politics (where a Condorcet winner does not exist), the last proposer is effectively a dictator or near‐dictator under relatively weak conditions.     

Building Blocks for a Precautionary Approach to the Use of Nanomaterials: Positions Taken by Trade Unions and Environmental NGOs in the European Nanotechnologies Debate

As partners in the European capacity‐building project NanoCap, trade unions and environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have established positions on the development of nanotechnologies. Key in their positioning is their view that the use of nanomaterials with currently unknown occupational and environmental hazards must have consequences for the risk management and use of nanoproducts. They have made proposals for responsible manufacturing and for applying the precautionary principle to the use of nanoproducts and they urgently call for the acceptance and the operationalization of a precautionary approach by the industry and governments. The trade unions and NGOs are calling for transparency and openness regarding processes and products that contain nanomaterials and have proposed specific tools for nanomaterial use that put the precautionary principle into practice, including the principles no data → no exposure and no data → no emission. The proposed tools also include compulsory reporting of the type and content of nanoparticles applied in products, a register of workers possibly exposed to nanoparticles, and the use of nano reference values as guides to assess workplace exposure to nanoparticles.     

Unions and the Welfare Impact of Foreign Direct Investment — A Wisdom Extension

Abstract. This paper extends the recent literature, e.g. Leahy and Montagna (Economic Journal 110: 80–92, 2000), in relation to the link between unionization, inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and country welfare in an oligopoly market structure. It is shown that the common results, that unions may reduce welfare under FDI while multinational enterprises (MNEs) will strictly trade off union wages at each location, are generally driven by the assumption relating to the scope of the bargaining with the union, namely the ‘right to manage’ (RTM). In particular, our extension to efficient bargaining (EB) demonstrates that union power may increase welfare in the presence of FDI, while the MNEs’ choice between FDI and exports will include profit‐sharing arbitrage with unions, in addition to the usual wage comparison considerations.     

中青年领导干部成长过程中的几个关键词

对中青年领导干部的成长而言,良好的外部条件固然重要,但最终还是要靠自己多方面的努力,不断提高自身综合素质。笔者以为,中青年领导干部在成长的过程中尤其重要的是要把握好四个“关键词”。第一个关键词:方向方向是中青年领导干部成长的关键。中青年领导干部成长之路不可能没有荆棘,不可能没有曲折,最重要的就是把握正确的方向。先进的理论是前进的“夜明灯”。学习和掌握先进的理论,用与时俱进的科学的理论武装头脑,对中青年领导干部来说是至关重要的。中青年领导干部要加强马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想的学…     

The WHO/WTO Study on Trade and Public Health: A Critical Assessment

This article provides a brief critical examination of a 2002 report jointly issued by the World Health Organization and the World Trade Organization on WTO law and public health. The author argues that the report is in many respects misleading as to the content of WTO law, as interpreted by the Appellate Body of the WTO, its final court. In particular, the WHO/WTO report systematically understates or underestimates the margins of regulatory autonomy that WTO member states have to make regulations that protect public health.     

基于信息非对称模型的交易行为与波动性关系研究——交易规模和交易频率

本文基于信息非对称模型研究了上海股市的交易行为与股价波动的关系.实证研究发现:平均每笔交易量比交易频率包含更多的波动性持续信息,对波动性具有更好的解释能力,而且不同规模的交易对波动性冲击不同,其中最大笔交易对波动性的冲击最大.上述结果表明,我国股市中的量价关系是与信息非对称模型一致,而私有信息交易(大笔交易)可能是我国股市中个股过度波动的主要原因之一.     

对外贸易对我国污染排放的影响——以二氧化硫排放为例

本文利用投入产出模型实证分析了对外贸易对我国SO2排放的影响。从总体上说,由于出口污染排放强度低于进口污染减排强度,故对外贸易有利于我国污染减排。然而巨额外贸顺差以及进口减排强度与出口排放强度之比的下降造成了我国对外贸易污染排放的逆差,而出口产品结构的恶化则是最为根本的原因。减排技术进步的速度跟不上对外贸易的增长速度,使得出口产品的污染排放总量还在上升。