负担还是红利：新疆人口迁入与经济增长关系的量化研究

针对新疆人口净迁入急剧减少、人才流失加剧、劳动力出现有限供给,政府劳动力政策出现偏差等现象,分别从贡献率与边际效应两个视角对人口迁入与经济增长的关系进行了量化研究。根据改进后的经济增长率分解法测算了人口迁入对经济增长的贡献率后发现,1978-2013年,人口净迁入使新疆经济年均增长1个百分点。根据新古典经济增长核算理论与拓展的C-D生产函数测算了劳动力对经济增长的边际效应后发现,人口净迁移率每提高1个百分点,经济增长率可以提高0.24个百分点。量化研究的结果表明,新疆一直以来是我国主要的人口迁入地区,人口迁入并不构成新疆经济发展的负担,反而为经济发展带来了红利。     

代际支持对老年人主观幸福感的影响--基于年龄组的差异性分析

本文从年龄组差异的角度分析了代际支持对老年人心理健康的影响。研究发现,在控制了客观健康状况等变量后,老年人的心理健康水平并非随着年龄增长呈现出下降趋势。其次,接受代际支持和给予代际支持都对老年人心理健康有着显著的促进作用。第三,对于不同年龄组来说,代际支持对老年人心理健康产生的效果既有共同点也存在着差异。相似之处在于充足的经济支持对65－74岁、75－84岁和85岁及以上这三个年龄组老人的心理健康都是有利的。然而,更突出的是这三个年龄组之间的相异点：对于65－74岁这一组别而言,老人与子女之间的经济交换最为频繁。这种经济上的互惠提升了老人的积极情绪、抑制了消极情绪的产生。就75－84岁的老年人来说,子女在日常照料的作用表现的十分显著。和子女共同居住、在生病时由子女照料的老人表现出更少的消极情绪。至于85岁以上的高龄老人,得到充足的情感支持对于提升主观幸福感的作用更为显著;最先和子女分享想法的老人有着更高的心理健康水平。因此就现实状况来看,当父母逐渐衰老,作为子女,应当更加关注对父母的日常照护和情感关怀。尤其是对于这些高龄老人,他们对子女的情感态度更为敏感;子女提供的充足的情感支持对其心理健康有着十分显著的促进作用。     

农村不同婚姻形式下家庭财富代际转移模式的初步分析

本文应用父母投资回报假说 ,利用湖北省松滋的调查数据 ,分析了农村不同婚姻形式下家庭代际财富转移的模式及其形成机理 ,揭示了婚姻形式与家庭财富代际转移模式的密切关系 ,说明了招赘婚姻在农村家庭养老方面的积极意义。     

Critical Feminist Gerontology: In the Back Room of Research

The article takes a feminist approach to gerontology. It examines the stereotypes of ageism that derive from the relationship between culture and old age. It establishes the requirements for a type of research that reflects women's own experience of growing older, as well as the social construction of values related to women's old age. It focuses on the sociocultural features of this population, which faces old age with certain limitations, but also with unparalleled assets.     

A preliminary analysis of mortality in China]

An analysis of mortality trends in China, based on data from the 1982 census, is presented. It shows that the mortality rate has gradually declined since 1949, but has recently leveled off and is now on the rise again. The main reasons for this decline were fewer deaths from disease and the changing age structure of the population. It is noted that the mortality rate varies from region to region, with infant mortality in border areas accounting for a large portion of total deaths. An increase in life expectancy has occurred as a result of declining mortality.     

The enjoyment of activities: Do couples affect each others' well-being?

In this paper I investigate the use of a measure of well-being derived from time-use data on the enjoyment of activities, and explore the association between the well-being of partners. The measure of well-being used is directly derived from the subjective assessment of the enjoyment of activities as recorded in time-use diaries. It is shown that this measure yeilds plausible results which share many of the characteristics of other measures of well-being. In addition, since the diaries used in the analysis were collected from couples it has also been possible to investigate the association between the well-being of partners. It is shown that in multivariate analyses including both time-use and socio-demographic variables the effect of a partner's well-being has by far the most significant impact on individual well-being. It is argued that this combination of information offers a useful means of analysing the relationship between time-use, well-being and the couple relationship. In this sense the analysis cross-cuts some of the conventional disciplinary boundaries which have served to separate the study of emotional relationships and psychological states from that of the daily activities of households.     

Maternal mortality: What can we learn from stories of postpartum haemorrhage?

Death from pregnancy is rare in developed countries such as Australia but is still common in third world and developing countries. The investigation of each maternal death yields valuable information and lessons that all health care providers involved with the care of women can learn from. The aim of these investigations is to prevent future maternal morbidity and mortality.Obstetric haemorrhage remains a leading cause of maternal death internationally. It is the most common cause of death in developing countries. In Australia and the United Kingdom, obstetric haemorrhage is ranked as the 4th and 3rd most common cause of direct maternal death respectively. In a number of cases there are readily identifiable factors associated with the care that the women received that may have contributed to their death. It is from these identifiable factors that both midwives and doctors can learn to help prevent similar episodes from occurring.This article will identify some of the lessons that can be learnt from the recent Australian and UK maternal death reports. This paper presents an overview of the process and systems for the reporting of maternal death in Australia. It will then specifically focus on obstetric haemorrhage, with a focus on postpartum haemorrhage, for the 12-year period, 1994–2005. Vignettes from the maternal mortality reports in Australia and the United Kingdom are used to highlight the important lessons for providers of maternity care.     

Economic thought about population consequences: some reflections

This essay discusses predecessors of long ago, and the 1950s and 1960s, who studied the effects of population change. The history is not systematic, but rather is idiosyncratic. It focuses on the valuable elements from which we may learn, not on failings. It concentrates on work which has had little influence upon subsequent thought.I find need for more investigation of economic sub-systems and of the mechanisms that operate over very long periods — centuries and more.This article is largely drawn from my 1992 book and the forthcoming revision of my 1981 book.     

Violent mobilities: men,masculinities and road conflicts in Sweden

This article focuses on violence(s) in traffic space as a gendered problem. It draws upon qualitative online studies and interviews with cyclists about their experiences of motorists’ violent practices, including cyclists’ negotiations of anti-cyclist discourses and their coping strategies. It is argued that automobility makes it possible for certain men to perform their ‘right to the road,’ including gender-identity-shaping practices, and that this has the negative effect of violating cyclists’ bodily integrity. It follows that a shift from cars to more sustainable mobilities also demands related shifts in masculinities and men’s practices in the context of transport and traffic.     

家庭养老方式选择的性别影响因素分析

老年人选择从子、从女的养老方式受很多因素制约 ,调查证明 ,老人在养老问题上更依赖儿子 ,虽然最关心的是女儿。因为老年人在选择养老方式时会受到多种因素的影响 ,既有物质的 ,又有精神的和文化的 ,不同性别的子女带给老人的满足感也是不同的。在今后大部分家庭只有一个孩子的情况下 ,已不可能进行养老的性别选择 ,建设新的养老文化已刻不容缓     

Reactions to issues concerning sexual orientations, identities, preferences, and choices

Most etiological theories of homosexuality suffer from unomania, the preoccupation with single causes. Unomania, in MacDonald's terms, reflects a singularistic, as compared with a pluralistic cognitive set. It also reflects the rigid dichotomization of feminine roles for females and masculine roles for males. It is hoped that current research on bisexuality will be spared the unomania that has afflicted research on homosexuality.     

The rise and decline of english neo-Malthusianism

The paper is an historical account of the motives and attitudes underlying the alliance between nineteenth century secularism and neo-Malthusianism. It seeks to show that the motives for this alliance were to be found in political economy and that a strict neo-Malthusianism died away in England as the economic structure changed and the population problem took new meanings. It regards the secularist attitude from Place and the utilitarians to Bradlaugh as one arising out of the social and economic background of the period. It also examines a few of the ecclesiastical reasons for opposing contraception.     

The sociology of consumption: Deriving new social indicators

A new area of research is emerging from an integration of sociology and consumer research. It is called the ‘sociology of consumption’. To date, its applications have been most thoroughly spelled out for marketers and consumer researchers. This paper explores the relevance of the sociology of consumption for social indicators research. It begins by defining this new area of research, then it discusses how a society's consumption may be conceptualized and measured. It concludes with several examples of how the study of consumption can not only be used to characterize societies but to reveal their social processes as well.     

Beyond the Dichotomy: Six Religious Views of Homosexuality

Using published theological and scholarly evidence, this article disrupts the stereotypical “born gay”/“sinful choice” dichotomy widely assumed to characterize religious views of homosexuality in the United States. It argues that we need to keep moral questions separate from questions about the fixity or fluidity of sexual orientation. Rather than two, American Christian and Jewish views of homosexuality can been seen on a range from the “God Hates Fags” view through “Love the Sinner, Hate the Sin,” “We Don’t Talk About That,” “They Can’t Help It,” “God’s Good Gift,” and a queer-theological view of the “Godly Calling.”     

女性流动人口的社会保障——基于广州市2005年人口抽样调查数据的分析

本文使用广州市2005年1％人口抽样调查数据,研究女性流动人口参加养老保险的状况.分析发现不同户口性质的女性流动人口参加养老保险的比例低于同类型的男性人口.不同流动原因的女性流动人口参加养老保险的比例差异较大.离开户口登记地时间越长的、受教育程度越高的、签订劳动合同的、已婚的女性流动人口参加养老保险的可能性更大,单位类型对其参保也有显著但复杂的影响.文章认为需要从制度、市场和文化的角度继续展开研究讨论.     

论畲族婚育文化的特点、成因及借鉴

本文揭示了生活于浙江省丽水地区畲族文化的特点 ,如男女平等、婚嫁方式实用灵活、生育性别偏好较弱、早婚现象严重等。文章继而从畲族文化的历史渊源、生存环境、妇女在生产劳动中的地位等方面进行了剖析 ,指出应吸取其精华 ,为构建塑造各民族新婚育文化而努力     

中国城市贫困对儿童教育的影响

伴随着我国的社会转型,城市贫困现象日益引起人们的关注。本文以2003年“城市贫困课题组”在抚顺、合肥、重庆开展的城市贫困与儿童救助的社会调查数据为基础,分析和概括了贫困儿童的教育基本状况,使用序次Logistic回归分析考察了贫困儿童年龄、性别,母亲的受教育水平等特征对贫困儿童学习状况的影响及作用方向,深入探讨了城市贫困对儿童教育的影响及城市贫困与儿童发展之间的关系,并尝试针对构建儿童教育的社会支持系统提出相对应的政策和建议。     

Family sizes of children and family sizes of women

This paper demonstrates the relation that obtains between the average family size of women and the average family size of offspring of those women. It estimates the value of these two measures for cohorts of American women aged 45–49 in various years from 1890 to 1970. It shows that children born during the post-war baby boom actually derived from smaller families than those born during the low-fertility 1930’s; that under current patterns a woman would have to bear an average of almost two children fewer than were borne by her mother merely to keep population fertility rates constant from generation to generation; and that average family size for nonwhite children exceeds that for white by 50 percent, although the racial difference in family sizes of women is only 19 percent.     

新型农村合作医疗制度可持续性因素分析基本框架

新型农村合作医疗制度是提供农民医疗保障、构建农村卫生体系的重要载体,对于其可持续性从以下三方面来分析;以筹资为中心的医疗制度系统构成角度理论性分析;保险制度设计方案分析和不同地区的制度可持续性要点分析结合医疗制度的其他评价指标进行拓展型分析,如制度的公平和效率等。     

Quality and the 2010 Census

The U.S. Census Bureau has a long tradition of evaluating the results of its censuses. This paper presents evaluation results from the 2010 Census, comparing them to earlier results. The paper discusses net coverage at the national and state level, as well as by age, sex, race, and ethnic group. It discusses components of error, including estimated number missed and counted in error. It also presents data on whole-person and item imputation.