Appreciating the Beauty of Music,Painting and Architecture in English Writing

Wen Yiduo, a famous Chinese scholar, put forward "Three Beauty" theory that respectively refers to the beauty of music, the beauty of painting and the beauty of architecture, which is his view on poetry. This theory with important pioneering insight is of great significance to instruct translation from English to Chinese or from Chinese to English, additionally, to perfect English writing. This paper clarifies "what is the beauty of music and the beauty of painting, the beauty of architecture in English writing" and focuses on how to use "Three Beauty Theory" in English writing, as well as help students master the application of "Three beauty" theory.     

Nurses' burnout: an existential psychodynamic perspective

1. According to Psychodynamic Theory the reason why most people choose a career has to do with childhood experiences. 2. Both qualitative and quantitative data suggest that nurses' burnout is caused by a failure to derive existential significance from work. 3. Nurses' sense of significance seems to be related to control and is often caused by childhood experiences of lack of control.     

Conservation technology adoption decisions and the theory of planned behavior

This study of water saving technology adoption and technology investment behavior for Florida strawberry farmers represents an application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. It is compared with the Theory of Reasoned Action, and the Theory of Derived Demand. The focus is on perceived control in the decisions, first, to become an adopter of conservation technology, and, second, to invest more capital in the technology. The results lend credence to the Planned Behavior Theory but also support Derived Demand Theory, in that actual financial capability (actual control) is found important. To predict technology adoption we may need to account for both perceived and actual control. Unfettered government control of farmer technology decisions could be counterproductive, suggesting technology policy may need to include a mix of moral suasion and incentives with more modest controls.     

Predicting Emotions in Everyday Social Interactions

Abstract

Social workers appreciate that emotions are an important component of the human experience. Advances in sociology offer improvements in measuring, explaining, and predicting emotions. However, empirical appraisals of theories are limited, based on researcher fabricated events, and have yet to compare theories. The purpose of this study was to test and evaluate the predictive abilities of two theories that have potential to inform social work practice and research: Affect Control Theory (ACT) and Social Interactional Theory (SIT). From subject- provided social interactions, findings demonstrate the ability of both theories to predict ordinary emotion. Whereas SIT predictions were generally more precise, this accuracy would have been lost without the precise emotion measurement capabilities of ACT.     

Sociological Factors Affecting Agricultural Price Risk Management in Australia*

Abstract The highly volatile auction system in Australia accounts for 85 percent of ex‐farm wool sales, with the remainder sold by forward contract, futures, and other hedging methods. In this article, against the background of an extensive literature on price risk strategies, we investigate title behavioral factors associated with producers' adoption of price risk‐management strategies (specifically futures and forward contracts) for selling wool. This research presents a behavioral model based on Diffusion of Innovations, the Theory of Reasoned Action, and the Theory of Planned Behavior. We found that the auction system is used as a price risk‐management tool because other selling methods are considered more risky. We also report on a curious relationship between risk and complexity in terms of wool producers' intentions to use forward contracts. We explored sociological factors in conjunction with focus‐group data in an attempt to understand this relationship. This exercise yielded some interesting findings on the impact that trust, habit, social cohesion, and networks have on decision making in the rural community. The significance of this article lies in its application of core sociological theory in a new research context: the Australian wool industry.     

Learning to Collaborate: An Application of Activity Theory to Interprofessional Learning Across Children's Services

This paper investigates the pedagogy of a continuing professional development (CPD) programme to develop interprofessional learning (IPL) and collaborative practice for professionals across children's services, using a framework underpinned by Activity Theory. The aim of the study was to establish which pedagogical features enabled successful interprofessional learning and subsequent changes in collaborative, interprofessional practice. Activity Theory was used as a theoretical framework to analyse and identify the ways in which pedagogy impacts upon the development of collaborative practice. The qualitative study found that pedagogies designed to harness the ‘multi-voicedness’ of activity systems and the contradictions of multi-disciplinary practice can be used to inspire learning and practice change. From our analysis, ‘community’ and ‘division of labour’ were important contextual influences on the learning process. We propose that the ideas underpinning Activity Theory are useful guiding principles when looking at the design of CPD that aims to build collaborative, multi-disciplinary practice across agencies and professionals in children's services.     

How and why are Theory of Change and Realist Evaluation used in food security contexts? A scoping review

The complex ways in which food security actions lead to nutrition and other health outcomes make it important to clarify what programs work and how, with theory-driven evaluation emerging as a promising approach to evaluate complex programs. However, it is unclear how and why theory-driven evaluation is applied in food security contexts. Our objective is to examine the development and use of Theory of Change and Realist Evaluation to support food security programs globally. Using a systematic search and screening process, we included studies that described a food security program, used a Theory of Change or Realist Evaluation, and presented original research or evaluations. We found a total of 59 relevant Theory of Change studies and eight Realist Evaluation studies. Based on our analysis, Theories of Change arose in response to three main problems: 1) the need to evaluate under complexity; 2) challenges with evaluation; and, 3) information gaps surrounding a program. In contrast, Realist Evaluation was reported to be developed primarily to understand a program’s outcomes. Reflecting on the problem to be addressed in the evaluation would help improve understandings of the evaluation context, which would then inform the choice and design of an evaluation approach.     

从人口均衡视角吸收《人口论》中的合理因素

当今社会人口问题已成为世界三大难题,尤其在我国十分突出。为解决日益严重的人口问题、建设人口均衡型社会,促进人口均衡发展已成为我国发展道路上的重要战略。马尔萨斯《人口论》中的适度人口思想与人口均衡有着一定的联系,其中一些思想对我们实现人口均衡和可持续发展具有借鉴作用。通过阐述《人口论》中一些积极因素,以期为构建人口均衡型社会提供新的思路。     

Practicing Birchism: The Assumption and Limits of Idiocultural Coherence in Framing Theory

Social movement theory and research over the past twenty years have utilized the concepts incorporated under the rubric of Framing Theory in order to draw attention to the cultural ‘meaning work’ within a social movement or social movement organization. Underlying Framing Theory is an assumption of what I term idiocultural coherence – that for a movement organization to be successful, its members must come to agree cognitively with its cultural understandings and identify collectively with it. Drawing on an example of the John Birch Society, a very successful conspiratorial, anti-communist organization, I show how people may join a social movement organization not because they necessarily or fully agree with its collective action frames but because it provides an opportunity to act collectively and publicly perform a collective identity. I argue that a narrow focus on idiocultural processes obfuscates important cultural processes ‘outside’ of a movement organization that have an impact on how and why people join an organization and maintain membership.     

国内外城市群研究的理论与实践

本文对城市群的理论发展和研究成果做了概括性的回顾和梳理。重点叙述了国外的圈层结构理论、田园城市理论、区域规划理论、中心地理论、增长极理论、大都市带理论、城市空间相互作用理论、核心一边缘理论，以及国内的点轴系统理论和双核（港城）模式，还对国内外其他学者的相关研究作了简单的介绍。     

Power,participation and post modernism: User and practitioner participation in mental health social work education

The focus of this paper is service user and social work practitioner participation in the teaching for the mental health social work course. A review of the programme seeks to illuminate the value and significance of participation. The obstacles exposed through interviews and a collective workshop suggest a blocking opposition between idealistic education and ‘the reality of practice’. However this opposition is challenged by user and black advocacy participation. The value of participation appears in terms of anti-discrimination and extended possibilities to bring about change. Theory and practice divides are also dissolved. Participation is connected to power and modern and post modern approaches to education provide the theoretical framework.     

Theorizing theory: Invitation to a broader conversation about ‘theory’ in sociology

‘Theory’ is a seminal term in sociology. Sociologists tend to ask that articles, chapters and monographs are ‘theoretical’, ‘develop theory’ or ‘make a theoretical contribution’. Yet, as demonstrated in Gabriel Abend’s 2008 article ‘The Meaning of ‘Theory’, it is generally unclear what sociologists mean when they talk about theory. Abend distinguishes seven different meanings sociologists tend to impute to ‘theory’ and argues that no single definition can usefully capture these substantively different meanings. Counter to Abend, we propose and defend a minimal and versatile theory of theory, which does capture the important common denominators in sociologists' various uses of the term theory. The major strengths of our proposal are that it enables informed and synthetic discussion and fosters reflexivity about differences and similarities between different types of theory. Our minimal theory of theory thus serves as an invitation to a broader conversation about theory in sociology.     

Military,masculinity and mediated representations: (con)fusing the real and the reel

In this paper I argue that it is time to rethink the military within Management and Organization Theory. The starting point for this discussion is a juxtaposition of the (lack of) study of the military within Management and Organization Theory compared with the recent (and sustained) interest in depicting war, the military and the military subject within popular culture. I argue that the military is a gendered and gendering organization that has wider discursive effects on the lived experience of masculinity. Having laid down these conceptual claims, I then argue for the value of film, and popular culture more broadly, as an important source of ‘knowledge’ about organizational life. To elaborate this claim, I conduct a close reading of four films that represent post‐Cold War conflicts and identify three recurring themes that tell particular ‘truths’ of the experiences of the contemporary military organizational subject. I conclude that there is something meaningful and relevant in the contemporary popular culture of war that can help address the limitations of the exploration of the military within Management and Organization Theory.     

Whatever Happened to Critical Mass Theory? A Retrospective and Assessment

Between 1983 and 1993 the authors published a series of articles and a book promulgating and explicating "Critical Mass Theory," a theory of public goods provision in groups. In this article we seek to trace the growth, change, or decline of the theory, primarily through an analysis of all journal citations of the theory. We find that the majority of citations are essentially gratuitous or pick a single point from the theory, which may or may not be central to the theory. However, we identify four lines of theorizing that creatively use substantial parts of Critical Mass Theory in their own development: (1) theories relevant to issues in communication studies such as interaction media and shared databases; (2) Macy's work on adaptive learning models; (3) Heckathorn's models of sanctioning systems; and (4) theories that are centrally concerned with issues of influence in collective goods processes. A few additional, less- developed lines of work are also discussed. None of this work identifies itself as being itself "Critical Mass Theory," but many of the innovations and assertions of the theory are important bases for its development.     

Possibilities of the Application of Relevance Theory to English-Chinese Translation

Based on the Relevance Theory put forward by Sperber and Wilson, Gutt combined Relevance Theory with translation in his book Translation and Relevance: Cognition and Context. This paper will analyze the possibilities of the application of relevance theory to English-Chinese translation to guide others understand better in English-Chinese translation based on Relevance Theory.     

The next decade of sexual science: Syanergy from advances in related sciences

Sexual science will advance the most in the next decade if it develops synergy with neighboring social and biological sciences, and with the humanities as well. Here I explore recent advances in primatology, behavioral neuroscience, and emotion research; and methodological advances in sex research, including interviewing by talking computers, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, and sexual diaries. Theory from the humanities using the metaphor of geography and borderland encounters is also reviewed. Finally, new technologies such as fMRI present new opportunities for research, and the new reproductive technologies create important new questions to answer.     

Quare Eire

In this position piece we will briefly introduce The(e)ories: Advanced Seminars for Queer Research, which we founded and have convened at University College Dublin, Ireland, since January 2003. We will do this in an effort to illustrate how the aims and development of The(e)ories have mirrored, but also deviated from the US/UK-centric model of Queer Theory which (although largely a myth) continues to dominate discussions of sexuality. In this, we endeavor here to show how Queer Theory and Lesbian Studies, while not interchangeable, intersect with each other in important ways in our praxis in Ireland and thus, are not reducible to the 'collision model' (Doan, this volume) forwarded by proponents and critics alike.     

Work in the shadow of finance: Rethinking Joan Acker's materialist feminist sociology

To commemorate the life and work of Joan Acker, this article focuses on the jewel in the crown of her extensive oeuvre: ‘Hierarchies, Jobs and Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations'. I take as my focus the significance of ‘Hierarchies, Jobs and Bodies' for the development of theorizations of labour and especially for theorizations of post‐Fordist work and working. In so doing, I trace the impact of Acker's interventions across a number of bodies of research and sets of debates across the nearly three decades since its publication. But in addition to tracing this impact, I ask if the relevance of ‘Hierarchies, Jobs and Bodies' still holds today. Does this relevance still hold in a context where finance institutions rather than work organizations have emerged as the key institutions of societal discipline and control? In opening out this line of questioning my intention is to advance the broad project to which Acker was firmly committed, namely, the project of materialist feminist sociology.     

Constraints and choices in mothers' employment careers: a consideration of Hakim's Preference Theory

This paper provides an empirical examination of women's work histories following a first birth, their sex-role attitudes, and the relationship between attitudes and work history. In the light of these analyses, the aptness of Preference Theory as an explanation for the position of women in the British labour market is considered. Addressed in particular is Hakim's argument that the main determinant of women's heterogeneous employment patterns and work histories is heterogeneity in their preferences for differing combinations of family work and paid employment. Although support is found for Hakim's argument that employment careers are centrally important for only a minority of women, little evidence is adduced that it is preferences that distinguish the minority from the majority. The existence of a continuum of work-family preferences means that women with similar preferences (but differing capacities for overcoming constraints) will have very different labour market careers. Analysis of longitudinal data fails to support the central argument of Preference Theory that women in Britain and North America (countries where women live 'in the new scenario') have genuine, unconstrained choices about how they wish to live their lives. Instead, it is argued that a complete explanation of women's labour market choices after childbirth, and of the outcomes of those choices, depends as much on understanding the constraints that differentially affect women as it does on understanding their personal preferences.     

Four models of the public sphere in modern democracies

Theory and Society -