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1.
The Experience-Earnings Profile: Productivity-Augmenting or Purely Contractual? Evidence from the UK
William J. Moore Robert J. Newman Geoffrey K. Turnbull 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(3):417-435
We test the human capital interpretation of the experience-earnings profile. Does the upward sloping portion of the experience-earnings
profile reflect on-the-job training which in turn causes the experience-productivity profile to slope upwards, or do purely
contractual factors determine the nature of life-cycle earnings. Herein, we provide additional evidence on the relationship
between productivity and earnings by examining earnings differentials in the UK academic labor market for economists. Using
a test first suggested by Mincer, we find that the empirical results are consistent with human capital theory. We find that,
although the positive relationship between earnings and experience persists when individual productivity measures are included
in the salary equations for lecturers and senior lecturers, the positive relationship becomes statistically insignificant
when the same productivity measures are included in the salary equations for professors. For lecturers and senior lecturers,
the experience-salary profile properly reflects the structure of the national pay scale rather than variations in individual
research productivity. At the professor level, where individual salaries are not determined by a pay scale, the data support
the human capital explanation of the positive experience-earnings profile.
相似文献
Robert J. NewmanEmail: |
2.
Sexual Orientation and Labor Market Discrimination 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
We develop empirical estimates of the return to sexual orientation in the labor market and utilize the 2004 Current Population
Survey to determine if lesbians and gay men are treated differently from their heterosexual counterparts. We find strong evidence
consistent with the hypothesis of discriminatory treatment against gay men, and this evidence differs substantially by occupation.
On the other hand, we find no evidence of discrimination against lesbians. These findings are consistent with priors based
on economic theory of the standard taste for discrimination and statistical discrimination models. The results for both men
and women are consistent across wage and total compensation regressions.
相似文献
Edinaldo TebaldiEmail: |
3.
Home ownership has potentially significant consequences for welfare state policy. High owner-occupancy rates may function as private insurance where social spending is low (a substitution effect). Alternatively, state income redistribution policies could raise the number of home owners (an income effect). Cross-national time-series data show that social spending is negatively related to home ownership, and mediates the positive relationship between income inequality and owner-occupancy rates. This suggests that owner-occupancy acts as a form of social insurance over the life course. Future welfare state researchers should consider the issue of home ownership in analyses of inequality and the social safety net.
相似文献
Dalton ConleyEmail: |
4.
David S. Loughran Ashlesha Datar M. Rebecca Kilburn 《Review of Economics of the Household》2008,6(3):223-242
The theoretical and empirical literature on parental investment focuses on whether child-specific parental investments reinforce
or compensate for a child’s initial endowments. However, many parental investments, such as neighborhood quality and family
size and structure, are shared wholly or in part among all children in a household. The empirical results of this paper imply
that such household parental investments compensate for low endowments, as proxied by low birth weight.
相似文献
M. Rebecca KilburnEmail: |
5.
Fadzlan Sufian 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(1):114-126
By applying the non-parametric Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) method, this paper attempts to investigate the sources of
productivity changes of China’s State Owned Commercial Banks (SOCBs) and Joint Stock Commercial Banks (JSCBs) during the period
2000–2005. The empirical findings suggest that the China banking sector has exhibited productivity progress attributed to
the increase in efficiency. The empirical findings suggest that the SOCBs and the JSCBs have exhibited productivity progress
of 0.2 and 1.3%, respectively.
相似文献
Fadzlan SufianEmail: |
6.
Plurality rule is mostly criticized from being capable of choosing an alternative considered as worst by a strict majority.
This paper considers elections in which the agenda consists of potential candidates strategically choosing whether or not
to enter the election. In this context, we examine the ability of scoring rules to fulfil the Condorcet criterion. We show
for the case of three potential candidates that Plurality rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies a version of the Condorcet
criterion in two cases: 1) when preferences are single-peaked and, 2) when preferences are single-dipped.
相似文献
Bernardo MorenoEmail: |
M. Socorro Puy (Corresponding author)Email: |
7.
In this paper we consider the issue of the intra-household distribution of welfare directly using a survey measure of self-perceived
economic well-being. We develop a theoretical model of satisfaction within the household for couples. In the empirical analysis
we find that husbands and wives often report different levels of financial satisfaction. The most important correlate of relative
satisfaction within the household is found to be relative income. This is a direct confirmation of the previously implicit
findings and is predicted by our theoretical model.
相似文献
Martin BrowningEmail: |
8.
When parents are suspected of child abuse or neglect, their children may be placed with foster families. We estimate the relationship
between the monthly subsidies paid to foster families and the quantity of foster care services provided. The empirical model
uses variation in subsidies and foster care populations within 37 states and the years 1987–1995. One innovation in our approach
is that we exploit the idea that states do not appear to set market clearing rates, as evidenced by a foster home shortage
during this time period. In this case of excess demand, variation in the monthly subsidy traces out the supply curve. Our
results show that states with high demand may be able to use economic incentives to recruit foster families.
相似文献
H. Elizabeth PetersEmail: |
9.
Jeffrey L. Kidder 《Theory and Society》2009,38(3):307-328
Over the last 30 years, social theorists have increasingly emphasized the importance of space. However, in empirical research,
the dialectical relationship between social interaction and the physical environment is still a largely neglected issue. Using
the theory of structuration, I provide a concrete example of why and how space matters in the cultural analysis of an urban
social world. I argue that bike messengers—individuals who deliver time-sensitive materials in downtown cores of major cities—cannot
be understood outside an analysis of space. Specifically, I connect the cultural significance of messenger practices to the
emplacement of those practices inside the urban environment.
相似文献
Jeffrey L. KidderEmail: |
10.
We study the general class of two-player public-policy contests and specify the asymmetry condition under which a more restrained government intervention that reduces the contestants’ prizes has the “perverse” effect of increasing their aggregate lobbying efforts.
相似文献
Shmuel NitzanEmail: |
11.
12.
This paper analyzes poverty and its persistence in Sweden using a large panel with detailed income information obtained from
tax registers. As opposed to many commonly used household panels, the features of the data utilized in this paper allow us
to study native-immigrant differences in poverty. We use a hazard rate model based on multiple spells that accounts for unobserved
heterogeneity and endogenous initial conditions. The empirical results suggest that there is negative duration dependence
in both exit and entry hazard rates. Moreover, the transition rates are significantly affected by immigrant status, educational
attainment, labor market conditions, age, and family status.
相似文献
Jorgen HansenEmail: |
13.
This paper examines empirical links between sexual orientation and self-reported lying using data collected in several waves
of Georgia Institute of Technology’s World Wide Web Users Survey. The data include questions about sexual orientation, lying
in cyberspace, and a broad range of demographic information. According to the theoretical framework of Gneezy (Am Econ Rev
95: 384–395, 2005) on the economics of deception, individuals conceal or falsify information when the expected benefit of lying exceeds its
costs in terms of psychic disutility. If non-heterosexuals expect to benefit more by falsifying information, then this theory
predicts higher rates of lying among non-heterosexuals. The data show that gays and lesbians do indeed report lying more often
than heterosexuals, both unconditionally in bivariate correlations and after controlling for demographic and geographic differences.
These empirical results are consistent with the conclusion that non-heterosexuals expect higher benefits from concealing personal
information because of anti-homosexual discrimination.
相似文献
Donald LienEmail: |
14.
Bruce E. Kaufman 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(3):285-299
The most famous and influential diagram in modern (neoclassical) labor economics is the model of wage determination by supply
and demand. Using concepts and ideas from institutional economics, I argue that the theory of a perfectly competitive labor
market is logically contradictory and, hence, the demand/supply diagram cannot exist on the plane of pure theory. Four other
fundamental theorems concerning labor markets are also derived, as are implications about the theoretical foundation of the
field of industrial relations and the economic evaluation of labor and employment policy.
相似文献
Bruce E. KaufmanEmail: |
15.
Christopher K. Coombs 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(2):99-113
This paper reviews the empirical literature on the “Government Substitution” hypothesis. We focus our attention on the sample
periods used, model specification, and econometric technique. The seminal piece on this topic is Neumann and Rissman (J Labor
Econ 2:175–192, 1984) and to date there have been less than a handful of extensions beyond this initial investigation. By
tracking the limited development of this hypothesis over time we are able to conclude that there is still an opportunity for
additional empirical exploration in this area.
相似文献
Christopher K. CoombsEmail: |
16.
Bernard Enjolras 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2009,20(3):274-290
The paper proposes to discuss the issue of civicness in the governance of social services by analyzing policy changes relative
to the regulation and governance of social services in Europe. The empirical analysis is structured around the concept of
“governance regime.” The paper shows that modernization processes within the field of social services in Europe develop along
two radically different regulative conceptions reflected into two different governance regimes: market-based or competitive
governance vs civic-based or partnership governance. The governance of social services in Europe appears to take place within
a mix between two ideal-typical governance regimes: the market-based and partnership-based governance regimes.
相似文献
Bernard EnjolrasEmail: |
17.
Dissociation,Traumatic Attachments,and Self-Harm: Eating Disorders and Self-Mutilation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sharon K. Farber 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2008,36(1):63-72
Self-harm, such as eating disorders and self-mutilation, represents dissociated compensatory attempts to serve self-regulatory
functions. Self-harm develops when the child who has become attached to those who have inflicted pain and suffering maintains
that attachment by inflicting pain on himself. Brain imaging studies have found that the communication pattern between parent
and child shapes the way the child’s attachment system adapts to experiences with the attachment figure, literally hardwiring
the child’s brain. The good news is that a safe and secure attachment is very good medicine and can rewire the brain. An attachment-based
multi-phase approach to treatment is presented.
相似文献
Sharon K. FarberEmail: |
18.
Anna Amilon 《Review of Economics of the Household》2007,5(4):385-404
This paper views temporary parental leave (leave from work to take care of a sick child) as a household public good, produced
with time inputs of the parents as the only input. Assuming equal productivities in the production of temporary parental leave
and equal utility functions of the spouses, different household decision-making processes are applied to develop theoretical
hypotheses on sharing that are thereafter tested empirically. The empirical estimations show that the decision-making process
of the spouses can be explained by a Stackelberg model with male dominance. A stronger threat-point of the female is found
to push the intra household allocation of temporary parental leave towards greater sharing between the spouses. In addition,
an increase in the insurance ceiling will further sharing of temporary parental leave in some families, while reducing it
in others.
相似文献
Anna AmilonEmail: |
19.
Zhai Yuanjian 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(2):429-437
China’s previous contract laws had many contradictions and failed to meet the needs of China’s developing market economy.
Although some problems still need to be dealt with, the unified contract law is more advanced, systematic and plays an important
role in fostering and encouraging transactions.
相似文献
Zhai YuanjianEmail: |
20.
The inverse plurality rule—an axiomatization 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Under the ‘inverse plurality rule’, voters specify only their least preferred alternative. Our first result establishes that
this rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies the minimal veto condition (MV). We then prove that the inverse plurality
rule is characterized by MV and the four well known conditions that characterize scoring rules; namely, Anonymity (A), Neutrality
(N), Reinforcement (RE) and Continuity (CO). Our new characterization result is related to the characterizations of approval
voting and of the widely used plurality rule. We finally show how the axiomatization of the inverse plurality rule can be
extended to the axiomatization of elementary scoring rules (vote for t-alternatives scoring rules).
We are indebted to two anonymous referees for their most useful comments.
相似文献
Eyal Baharad (Corresponding author)Email: |
Shmuel NitzanEmail: |