考虑作业空间干涉的工程项目时间-成本均衡优化研究

工程现场的空间资源是制约工程活动开展的重要影响因素。本文研究考虑空间干涉的工程调度优化问题,定义作业空间干涉的度量方式和作业效率函数,建立工程调度的工期-成本双目标优化模型。针对问题特征设计相对延迟编码方式和解码机制,采用NSGA-II算法求解模型。以某工程案例为研究对象,通过与传统方法对比实验验证了模型和算法的有效性,接着分析了算法的最大延迟时间参数对算法性能的影响。实验结果表明,本文提出的模型和算法能有效提升工程进度和成本目标。     

THE EFFECTS OF LEAD TIME ON PLANT TIMING AND SIZE

An important issue in planning capacity expansion under uncertain demand is the effect of lead time on the timing of plant construction. Our model helps decide whether (1) plant construction is initiated after a certain deficit is accumulated, or (2) plant construction is initiated ahead of demand when a certain capacity surplus is reached. In addition to our analytical results, we present computational results to show that it is economically attractive to delay plant construction beyond the time when existing excess capacity becomes fully absorbed, with relatively short construction lead time.     

大型工程建设项目组织综合集成模式

针对大型工程项目组织现状,应用系统论和综合集成方法,提出了工程项目组织基本原理图。构建了项目组织的十元组模型和十纬度集成理论,并对维度进行分析和归约。在此基础上,建立了工程项目组织集成的逻辑框架、结构框架、运作机制和运作框架,以及集成的组织中人力资源的配置方案,进而提出了宜组织的概念。最后将其应用于工程项目实践中,验证证实取得较好效果。这一大型工程项目组织综合集成模式同样也适合特大型工程项目的组织构造,具有较强的理论先进性和使用价值。     

项目管理在县城电网建设与改造中的运用

项目管理技术已逐步形成一整套完整的理论与方法体系。本文从项目管理角度阐述了城网建设及改造,并分析了城网工程项目管理特点。同时,结合城网建设及改造实践提出了具体有效的方案措施,对其项目生命周期的各个阶段、管理组织以及进度管理等进行了建设性的探讨。     

论建设项目工程造价管理范式的科学转换

本文阐述了我国建设工程造价管理的主导模式应该按照逐步由全过程造价管理和全生命周期造价管理向全面造价管理范式转换的原因和步骤。同时,本文还讨论了现有各种建设项目工程造价管理范式的差异和它们各自所适用的情况以及建设项目工程全面造价管理的核心思想和基本原理与方法。     

浅谈石油企业党建工作

企业党组织建设时我国特有的党组织形式,在多年的发展中因为没有国外先进的工作经验可供借鉴,我国的企业党建工作一直是摸索前进。本文以石油企业为例,从当前石油企业党建工作问题的成因出发,浅谈强化石油企业党建工作的策略。     

最低价中标法的性质与功能及其扭曲与矫正

最低价中标法是国际上通用的一种建设工程项目招标与管理方法,它主要是在项目招标中通过保证报价最低者中标来实现社会资源的优化配置。这种招标方法已经在我国目前的工程建设招标活动中开始尝试性采用。本文正是立足于工程建设的业主与承包商之间的经济关系,从委托代理的理论视角剖析了工程建设招投标中最低价中标法的本质与功能,并对此方法在工程建设实践中的种种扭曲及其根源进行了充分的理论剖析,然后从中外比较研究角度提出了矫正这些扭曲的措施与建议。     

Defense Resource Distribution Between Protection and Redundancy for Constant Resource Stockpiling Pace

The article considers the optimal resource distribution in a parallel system between increasing protection and providing redundancy in a situation when the attacker's and defender's resources are stockpiling and the resource increment rate is constant. It is assumed that the system must perform within an exogenously given time horizon and the attack time probability is uniformly distributed along this horizon. The defender optimizes the resource distribution in order to minimize the system destruction probability during the time horizon. First, we find the optimal pace of construction of the new redundant elements assuming that the construction must start in the initial stage of the stockpiling process. We show that starting construction of new elements in the beginning of the system's existence results in its high initial vulnerability. Introducing the time delay before starting the construction can reduce the initial system vulnerability and the entire system destruction probability. The problem of optimization of time delay and new element construction pace is considered with and without constraint on the initial system vulnerability. Examples illustrating the methodology of the optimal defense strategy analysis are presented.     

Mechanization in building construction projects: assessment and views from the practitioners

Abstract

While mechanization has been widely adopted in the current construction industry, little research has been done to assess the level of mechanization in building construction projects. The aims of this study are to propose a framework that can assess the level of mechanization in building construction projects, to develop a computer-based tool that can help assess mechanization levels, and to collect the views of industry practitioners regarding mechanization. To achieve these goals, a comprehensive literature review was conducted first, and based on which a six-layer assessment framework, namely Mechanization Index for Building Construction Projects, was proposed. After that, Mechanization Index Assessment Tool, a computer-based tool that can assess the level of mechanization in building construction projects, was developed. The developed tool was adopted in 14 construction projects in Singapore. Assessment results showed that the mechanization level of the projects was 48.54 percent out of 100, which is moderate. Results also reported that ‘site preparation’ and ‘underground piping’ were two work types that are more mechanized, while work types of ‘formwork’, ‘tiling’, and ‘painting’ were relatively less mechanized. Additionally, industry practitioners perceived that the mechanization levels in the current building construction projects and industry were moderate and more efforts should be put in this regard, especially from the perspective of the industry. This study is the first piece of research work that assesses the level of mechanization in building construction projects and thus, it contributes to the body of knowledge. Furthermore, the assessment tool developed can easily be used either by industry practitioners or by construction authorities to do mechanization assessment. Thus, this study contributes to the practice as well.     

Green supply chain management: the case of the construction sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Restraining the negative environmental impacts of the construction sector constitutes one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century. However, efforts to address it have been largely fragmented. With environmental consequences of a construction project typically dispersed across its life cycle, i.e. from design through to end-of-life, greening this sector requires a supply chain wide focus inclusive of all key stages and stakeholders; also, all relevant aspects such as the nature of green practices implemented and associated drivers, barriers and performance implications need to be considered. This forms the focus of the present study where a comprehensive, green supply chain management oriented understanding of the construction sector is developed through the context of the UAE construction sector, and incorporating inputs from all key stakeholders, i.e. Developers, Architects/Consultants, Contractors and (material) Suppliers. The study contributes to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of greening of the construction sector.     

心理契约对目标绩效的影响研究:以工作满意和努力为中介变量

编制了建设项目团队成员心理契约、工作满意、工作努力、目标绩效的调查问卷,对9家国有企业建设项目的300多名团队成员进行实地调查,共收集278份有效问卷,构建了建设项目团队成员心理契约对目标绩效的影响关系并以工作满意、工作努力作为中介变量的结构模型,采用验证性因素分析法和结构方程模型方法进行分析,研究结果表明:建设项目团队成员心理契约由交易型、关系型和管理型心理契约构成;工作满意对建设项目团队成员心理契约满足程度与建设项目关系绩效的关系具有完全中介作用;工作努力对建设项目团队成员关系型、管理型心理契约满足程度与建设项目任务绩效的关系具有完全中介作用。最后,基于结论给出构建建设项目团队成员激励及目标实现机制的管理启示。     

Understanding Construction Supply Chain Management

The purpose of this study was to understand some of the many perplexing questions eluding managers of overwhelmingly complex construction supply chain management (CSCM) based on review of some important research issues pertaining to construction supply chains. This study has illustrated understanding on CSCM using qualitative approach of triangulation applying foundational research methodology and soft system methodology in a coal-based thermal power plant project to validate its complex CSCM systems. The study highlights that a typical CSCM eco-system for the coal-based thermal power plant construction as unit can be considered to operate as a system with sub-systems as concept phase, procurement phase, production phase, installation phase and winding up phase. This study suffers from methodological limitations associated with qualitative research. Finally, this study provides practical insights for research opportunities in the area of interdisciplinary construction projects.     

信息化建设、供应链信息分享与企业绩效——基于中国制造业企业的实证研究

信息化建设是现阶段国家和企业都难以回避的问题,本文建立信息化建设-信息分享-企业绩效的分析框架,从信息传递的视角探讨信息化建设对企业绩效的影响机理,认为企业的信息化建设能够通过促进供应链上下游企业之间的沟通,带来更好的企业绩效。以我国制造业企业为样本进行的实证研究表明,企业信息化设备建设投入以及网站的建立能够促进其与供应链上下游企业有关需求、库存、产量等信息的分享,并通过这些有价值信息的分享推动企业绩效提升。进一步的分析表明,信息化建设使得信息分享在支持企业业务活动和提升企业绩效方面的效果更加显著。     

基于系统动力学的生态文明建设政策模拟与仿真研究

生态文明建设涉及生态环境保护、资源集约节约、环境治理改善等诸多问题，是一个复杂的动态过程。为探究不同政策对该过程的影响，本文从经济、人口、教育、科技、环境治理等要素出发，构建生态文明建设系统的动力学模型，设计3类共11种仿真情景，模拟不同政策及组合政策作用下中国生态文明的建设情况。结果表明：（1）延续当前发展模式中国生态文明建设水平将进一步提高，资源节约领域的进步最为显著；（2）单一政策情景下科技政策对于生态文明建设的整体推动作用最大，生育政策对于生态文明建设的促进作用优于基准情景，但弱于教育政策与环境治理政策的作用效果；（3）组合政策情景下，科技与环境治理政策组合对于生态保护领域的推动作用最大，教育与科技政策组合能够实现最高的资源利用效率，提高生态文明建设水平的政策组合选择还应结合环境治理领域长短期目标的实现进行，前一组合能够较快实现目标，而后一组合能够实现更稳定的进步；（4）科技政策在单一政策情景与组合政策情景中均成为重要的政策因子，印证了科技创新在生态文明建设中的重要作用。     

多资源约束下基于关键链的项目群工期-费用优化

现有工期压缩模型未考虑资源约束下多合同项目工期压缩所产生的局部效应与整体效应,针对这一局限性,通过引入子网络,分析了基于关键链法的项目群工期—费用优化机理,据此,对项目群初始网络计划进行工期优化。借助关键链,除去计划工期的冗余时间,动态调整存在资源冲突的合同项目开始时间。在此基础上,分析工期动态优化对关键链和非关键链合同项目压缩费用产生的不同影响以及对子网络自身和项目群的影响。基于此,研究并构建了多资源受限下单一子网络和项目群工期-费用优化模型。最后,结合算例,分析了优化模型的可行性和优势。研究结果表明：模型能够有效地解决资源约束下项目群计划调整和工期-费用优化问题,从而能够为业主科学安排项目群中各合同项目的起始时间和资源计划提供依据。     

Knowledge modelling for contract disputes and change control

The construction industry involves many participants with different perspectives and requirements. Contracts can provide significant value, and yet ineffective contract management frequently leads to disputes. In practice, contracts are hardly reviewed, and contract management is limited. This study aims to investigate how firms can improve their internal processes relating to knowledge management (KM) through effective contract management to aid construction practitioners in managing contract disputes and changes. Using a questionnaire survey and a workshop involving experienced industry practitioners and researchers, the findings reveal that project- and individual-level implementation of KM processes is stronger than at the organizational level, and also there are substantial human resources (HR) practices that support contractual KM. Workshop participants believe efficient and effective KM can minimise losses from contract changes and disputes. A construction contract management process framework, a 19-step benchmarking model for contract management and a construction planning checklist for contractors are proposed.     

建设用地指标和建设用地的序贯拍卖定价机制研究

现行建设用地指标定价机制未能有效反映其真实价值，使得农民缺乏复垦闲置宅基地来提供建设用地指标的意愿。针对指标和建设用地的互补性特点，以及指标价值是开发商私人信息的特征，本文构建第一价格和第二价格两种密封拍卖下的互补品序贯拍卖模型，研究建设用地指标和建设用地的定价机制。理论和仿真分析得出两种拍卖下的建设用地指标和建设用地价格，并通过对比分析得出不同目标下的最优定价机制。研究发现，两种拍卖下，竞标人的建设用地指标报价均随着土地价格增值系数增加而提高，随着竞标人数递增而降低；序贯二价下的竞标人建设用地指标及建设用地的报价均高于序贯一价；序贯二价下，持有建设用地指标的竞标人获得建设用地的概率更高。因此，地方政府可采用适当提高土地闲置费用的方法，以此提高失地农民复垦权益，激励农民复垦闲置宅基地，增加建设用地指标供给；同时，采用序贯二价拍卖，提高建设用地指标和土地的利用效率。     

公路建设项目的模糊排序和投资决策优化

本文论述了公路建设项目排序的评判指标,在运用模糊贴近度原理,分析确定各待建项目建设迫切性的基础上,采用整体投资决策优化模型,对公路网规划方案中建设项目的序列安排问题进行了探讨,收到了较好的效果．     

The arrangement of subspaces in the orthogonal spaces and tighter analysis of an error-tolerant pooling design

In this paper, we construct a d ^z -disjunct matrix with the orthogonal spaces over finite fields of odd characteristic. We consider the arrangement problem of d (m−1,2(s−1),s−1)-subspaces and the tighter bounds for an error-tolerant pooling design. Moreover, we give the tighter analysis of our construction by the results of the arrangement problem. Additionally, by comparing our construction with the previous construction out of vector spaces, we find that our construction is better under some conditions.     

Proactive management in the context of construction supply chains

Abstract

Proactive management addresses problems in advance. It is advantageous over reactive management that does not respond to any issues until they grow to become obvious and critical problems. However, scarce studies to date investigate proactive management from the perspective of construction supply chains. To overcome the limitation within existing studies, this research explores the significance of proactive management in the context of construction supply chains through a thorough investigation. The investigation in this research adopts a mix of a literature review, a questionnaire survey and a series of interviews. This research provides clear evidence for an increasing prevalence of proactive management in today’s construction practice. Proactive management proves to significantly contribute to both problem avoidance/minimization and continuous improvement. Compared to supply chain integration, supply chain collaboration is found to have a closer linkage with proactive management. This research highlights the importance of developing a proactive and collaborative culture in construction.