论国有企业人力资源管理创新

目前国有企业人力资源管理存在不少问题,制约了国有企业的改革和发展。因此,对国有企业人力资源管理创新进行探讨具有十分重要的现实意义。     

Effects of Outcome and Probabilistic Ambiguity on Managerial Choices

Information ambiguity is prevalent in organizations and likely influences management decisions. This study examines, given imprecise probabilities and outcomes, how managers make choices when they are provided with single-figure benchmarks. Seventy-nine MBA students completed two experiments. We found that, in a decision framed as a decision under certainty involving an ambiguous outcome, the majority of the subjects were ambiguity prone in the loss condition and switched to ambiguity aversion in the gain condition. However, in the presence of probabilistic ambiguity in a decision under risk, this expected switching pattern was shown only when the difference in riskiness between the two choice options (in the loss condition) was perceived to be relatively small. In a companion study, we used a written protocol approach to identify factors that affect decision makers' investment choices when faced with ambiguous outcomes. Protocols frequently mentioned that the ambiguous outcome option was risky, even in the case which was framed as a decision under certainty in the problem statement. In a decision under risk with ambiguous outcomes, the combination of probabilistic risk and outcome ambiguity was seen as even more risky.     

Violence to Probation Staff: Patterns and Managerial Responses

This article examines the impact of violence perpetrated against probation officers. It presents empirical evidence based upon work carried out under the ESRC Violence Research Programme. It is argued that the managerial response to violence has been largely defensive and piecemeal. Professional responses to violence are context‐bound, while risk assessment is largely confined to the potential harm to the general public posed by offenders. The article concludes by arguing that more attention needs to be given to the evaluation of management responses to violence including appropriate training, and the greater organizational support for safety at work.     

城市流动人口管理体制的思考——以广州市为例的研究

流动人口是从传统计划体制下"裂变"出来的最庞大社会群体,但"裂变"的发生,却没有及时而有效的管理体制加以整合,致使我国转型期诸多城市问题均程度不等地与流动人口问题相关。为缓解城市问题,适应大规模流动人口管理的需要,广州市政府建构了新的流动人口管理体制,把"两级政府、三级管理、四级网络"的行政管理架构"复制"到流动人口管理上,并以出租屋为"切入点",确立了流动人口管理的独立主体与专门组织管理体系。但笔者认为,新体制下体现出以强化政府力量为导向的、以出租屋为"切入点"的、以税费征收为基层实际利益驱动的管理,仍然需要在理论上进行反思,并在实践中加以改进。     

Challenges in recruiting parents to participate in child welfare research: implications for study design and research practice

Although research with hard‐to‐reach populations is necessary to deepen the social work knowledge base and improve services to these groups, recruiting members of hard‐to‐reach populations for research projects is often a challenging process. Frequently, non‐probability sampling is used to obtain participants. However, the difficulties and limitations associated with this process in quantitative research are rarely discussed in depth in the literature. Sampling issues can significantly impact a research project, delaying it, extending it or even causing the premature termination of a project. Challenges to recruitment can limit the type of research that is completed, impact the knowledge base or introduce threats to validity through sampling bias. Using a preliminary quantitative study on parental engagement with child protective services as an illustration for the discussion, the challenges of non‐probability sampling with a hard‐to‐reach population and the implications for research practice are explored and discussed. Implications for future research practice are considered.     

素质教育与高校创新人才的培养

现代高等教育肩负着培养高层次人才的重任,面对世界新技术革命的挑战和国际间激烈的竞争,高等教育必须转变教育观念,重视大学生的素质教育,重构人才培养模式,培养“知识——能力——素质型”创新人才。为此,笔者就高等教育改革过程中,如何找准素质教育和创新人才的切入点,从而强化大学生的综合素质和能力的培养,以增强其灵活性和适应社会的能力。     

Managerial hubris, firm expansion and firm performance: Evidence from China

Examining Chinese publicly traded firms from 2002 to 2005, we find managerial overconfidence to be positively correlated with the rate of firm expansion. In particular, overconfident managers tend to internally expand firms in an aggressive manner. We also find a negative, though not statistically significant, relationship between managerial overconfidence and M&A activity. Lastly, we examine the relationship between managerial overconfidence and firm performance, finding that managerial overconfidence decreases firm profitability due to overinvestment.     

论我国海域使用法律制度的监督管理体制

所谓海域使用法律制度的监督管理体制,是指国家海域使用管理中,在相关法律下设立的监督管理体制的设置形态,以及在法律中对监督管理体制、相应机构之间监督管理权限的划分。包括两个方面的核心内客:一是管理的组织模式,包括机构设置、职能职责划分及其编制等;二是监督管理活动的运转机制。我国海域使用管理的体制形态,应该是海域的权属管理和海域使用中各类基本关系的调整及使用中的政策、区划、论证、审批、市场、登记和法规性、技术性文件的制定与实施等,由国家海洋行政主管部门集中统一管理。在统一管理下,国家的有关部门可按其职能、职责分工和法律规定权限实施相应的管理工作。沿海地方各级海洋行政主管部门和有关部门,按各自行政管理系统运作相应的管理职责。也就是“统一管理与分部门、分级管理”的体制模式。     

家庭经营的成本核算与经营决策：以白洋淀塑料加工户为例

在关于家庭经营的研究当中,有两个最经典的理论模型,一个是恰亚诺夫的“家庭农场模型”,一个是贝克尔的“家庭生产函数”。本文通过对河北白洋淀淀村塑料加工行业加工户进行成本核算和经营决策行为逻辑的研究发现,对于工业化过程中的家庭经营户来讲,虽然他们生产的是一般性“市场商品”,但是由于生产要素市场的不完善和家庭经营独特的组织方式,使得这些加工户的生产决策与消费决策不但是密不可分的,而且受到了与家庭生命周期相关的家庭结构的影响。家庭结构不但在很大程度上决定了一个家庭劳动力、住房、资本等生产要素的组合结构,而且影响了家庭生产与消费的不同组合模式,这一点不但影响了一个家庭在生产经营中的成本核算逻辑,而且影响了他们进行产业选择的经营决策。     

Early feeding problems: identification by parents and health care personnel

This study investigated the discrepancy between parental reports indicating a high prevalence of feeding problems during infancy and the relatively low identification rate of such cases at child health care centers. Thirty nurses were interviewed about definitions, prevalence, causes, and interventions for such problems. Thereafter, they were retrospectively asked about presence of feeding problems in 30 infants, for whom parents had reported existence of feeding problems, and in 30 control infants. A group ( n =22) based on parent-nurse agreement about the existence of a problem was compared with a group ( n = 8) identified as problematic by parents only and with the control group. The parent-nurse agreement group stood out as more burdened: infant growth was affected, there had been feeding history problems (breastfeeding, weaning and protracted meals) and the level of parental concern was higher. More infant respiratory infections were reported, and more medication had been prescribed for this group. Although nurses seemed to rely to a great extent on parental reports in identifying feeding problems, the present results suggested that the parent-nurse discrepancy in identification rate may occur due to nurses' weighting of parental complaints with other factors such as the child's general condition and the family social situation.     

Professional Power and Managerial Control: The Case of GP Assessments of the Over-75S

The creation of Family Health Services Authorities from the old Family Practitioner Committees in 1990 marked a turning point in the introduction of managerialism into primary health care services. One of the FHSAs' first responsibilities was the administration of a new Contract for General Practitioners, which had generated considerable opposition from within the profession. This Contract included a new requirement for GPs to make, each year, a written offer of a health check, at home, to all patients aged 75 and over. Particular scepticism was expressed by GPs about the value and effectiveness of routine annual assessments's of this kind. Drawing on interviews with FHSA managers and their professional medical and nursing advisors, this paper examines the strategies adopted by FHSAs in tackling the administration of this particularly controversial requirement. Although apparently effective in the short-term, the paper concludes that these strategies may have considerable longer-term short-comings. The constraints and pressures experienced by FHSAs and the strategies employed to deal with them provide a useful insight into the tensions generated in the course of developing a managerial relationship with professional practitioners who have traditionally enjoyed very high levels of autonomy and independence.     

Emotionally supportive counselling for health care personnel led by social welfare officers: effects on well-being

The aim of this study was to evalute an emotionally supportive counselling program for health care personnel that can be led by social welfare officers. The program consisted of 1-hour sessions conducted every second week for 7 months. The meetings were devoted to talks about personal stress experiences related to patients and their relatives. Nurses and nursing aides (n = 51) in counselling groups showed significant changes in a favourable direction on the following variables: fewer perceived daily hassles; fewer self-reported physical and psychological symptoms; and improved subjective well-being. No effects were noted on sense of coherence and subjective physical health status. Interviews with program participants, the group leaders (social welfare officers), and their supervisor (a psychotherapist) indicated how the counselling program may be affected by the personality and competence of the group leader, the working conditions of the wards in general and the attitudes of the head nurse in particular. The results were discussed as promising.     

近年来我国经济学研究的三个误区

近年来,我国经济学界紧紧围绕改革开放和社会主义现代化建设中的重大理论问题和实践问题,解放思想,艰苦探索,为发展、繁荣社会主义市场经济理论,丰富、拓展邓小平理论,做出了不少贡献。但是,也存在某些误区。其中,最主要的有以下三个方面：     

就业领域中的反歧视措施--美国就业与劳动立法改革简介

二战结束后,美国日渐成为无可争议的发达国家,但这并不意味着所有美国人都已成为时代的宠儿,许多美国劳动者面对劳动就业中普遍存在的歧视行为一筹莫展,他们或在求职中遭到拒绝,或长期不能升职,或常常被解雇等等。这并不是因为他们的能力所限,而仅仅因为诸如种族、性别、年龄、宗教等方面的原因,抑或因为不是社会主流群体中的成员所致。     

甘肃省建筑工程领域违法犯罪问题探讨

当前,伴随甘肃省重点工程建设项目的增多增快,在其工程建设的审批和招投标等环节中,职务犯罪时有发生。特别是近年来,工程建设领域已成了腐败现象的高发区,同时也是大案要案的集结点。虽然一些地方的党委和部门加强了这方面的预防和监督,实施了“阳光工程”,使建筑招投标走上了制度化、规范化的管理轨道。但“暗箱操作”的现象仍然存在,滋生腐败的土壤和条件还没有完全铲除。本文想通过对甘肃建筑工程领域违法犯罪问题的研究,在剖析问题的基础上,力求探讨和提出一些切合实际的预防措施。     

当代中国经济社会发展中的生态环境矛盾分析

当前阻碍中国经济社会发展的生态环境矛盾日益突出,主要表现在:中国与发达国家在发展目标方面的差异及矛盾;中国政府与各企业主体之间的利益冲突;生态环境建设与具体的经济承受力之间的矛盾;国家利益与地方局部利益、集体利益与个人利益之间的矛盾.为此,我们必须在进一步解放思想的基础上,以积极主动的姿态去寻求最佳的解决方案.     

民国时期甘肃藏区新式学校教育述评

民国时期甘肃藏区的教育体制呈现多元并立的格局 ,本文试就其近现代新式学校教育的历史沿革、理论渊源、运行实践及其历史地位予以分类述评。所涉资料均以民国时期的历史档案及社会调查等第一手资料为依据 ,并参照有关学术著作予以参佐、补充和考证。作者认为民国时期甘肃藏区新式学校教育的蕴生与发展 ,是甘肃藏区社会的重大历史变革 ,研究其理论与实践活动 ,对推进新时期社会主义教育事业仍有历史借鉴意义。