"单位制"城市向"街区制"城市转变的空间生产研究

"单位制"和"街区制"两种城市空间发展模式的社会经济基础、 特点和运行机制存在巨大差异,构成我国城市空间生产转变的关键节点.笔者基于"城市空间生产"理论,从经济体制、 产业结构、 城乡结构和政策倾向多维度对比两种模式的社会经济基础,探寻其空间生产模式下的转变.研究主要结论为:一是经济体制的变革深刻引导着城市空间生产的经济社会基础的转变.二是城市空间生产主体种类多样化发展,引发空间利益博弈,城市职能转向复杂的商服职能,单位的分解和开放街区的形成,打造了城市"微交通"网络.三是资本的来源和运作方式更加多样;生产模式由单一走向复合,由政府主导走向"市场—政府"引导;工业化和城市化耦合更加紧密.     

我国国际化城市产业结构优化研究——以上海市为例

一、问题的提出 当前,我国经济正处于快速增长时期,国际化城市在经济增长与经济结构转型过程中的作用十分重要.国际化城市一般是全国性或地区性的首位城市,如上海、北京和广州,它们是经济发展的增长极.国际化城市在一国经济发展过程中是联系国内外资源、资本、人才与市场的重要通道,也是一国产业结构升级与经济发展转型的首发地和带动力量.国际化城市的聚集与扩散功能对一国资源的有效配置起到重要作用,对提升一国经济发展水平是不可缺少的空间力量.因此,国际化城市的经济发展水平与产业结构状况对于一国经济发展具有重要影响.     

国土资源工业强省的坚实后盾

四川省委八届六次全会明确提出"工业强省"战略,把做大做强工业作为"十一五"期间调整产业结构、转变增长方式、增强经济实力的重大举措.工业强省,是关系四川经济社会发展全局的一个大战略,是省委、省政府立足科学发展,认真分析国内外发展态势、把握全省经济发展阶段性特征,深思熟虑、集思广益,从实际出发作出的一项重大决策.在"工业强省"战略中,土地和矿产资源无疑是最大的保障.对此,国土资源管理部门做出了积极的调整,充分发挥出了国土资源对促进工业发展的保障作用.     

上海工业用地二次开发模式研究

"十二五"时期是上海资源环境约束加剧的矛盾凸显期,产业结构调整与经济发展方式转变对土地利用方向和方式提出新的要求。推进工业用地二次开发,才能最终促进全市工业从粗放型向集约型、从要素驱动向创新驱动发展模式转变。但是,上海工业用地面积大、范围广、布局分散、个性化情况突出,目前还未形成统一的二次开发模式,因此必须切实转变思路,着眼于存量挖潜与结构调整,在已开发的工业用地中注重二次开发和复合利用。这是加快建设资源节约型城市的内在要求,是推进经济结构调整和经济增长方式转变的根本手段。     

"逆城市化"趋势及城市规模扩展机制

从上世纪90年代后期开始,中国经济便走出了长期的短缺经济阴影,经济发展过程中买方市场逐渐形成,进入了"过剩经济"时代,需求约束明显增强,消费和流通取代生产成为制约经济成长的瓶颈,城市成为经济要素中的"短缺"资源,城市的增长对创造就业机会起到了重要的作用.     

基于区划调整的城市空间生产与生态治理研究

新时代行政区划调整是拓展空间生产、优化空间布局、改善生态环境的空间重构与资源配置过程.当前,行政区划调整与城市空间生产面临"行政区经济"、土地财政、跨域性治理真空、文化缺失与生态恶化等治理风险.新时代的区划调整应该加强对城市空间生产的生态治理,警惕行政区经济和土地财政现象,加快构建生态型经济空间,创新大城市群空间治理体制,构建生态平衡的跨域空间治理体系,提高空间生产的生态文化底蕴,加快区域性雾霾治理与生态保护,重构生态的城市空间格局.     

天津市城市空间布局调整的设想与预测

在现代城市化发展进程中,城市竞争力和城市发展空间有着越来越密切的关系.城市区域空间布局的调整对经济发展的影响也更多地引起经济理论界的关注.目前在天津市经济发展中,由于城市空间布局所带来的矛盾与问题比较突出,这在一定程度上弱化了区县经济在区域经济发展中的"增长极"作用,也对天津市整体经济快速发展带来不可忽视的消极影响.     

"地铁效应"助推北京楼市价值提升

俗话说得好,"火车一响,黄金万两."交通的兴建和运营对于城市经济发展意义重大.随着北京城市总体规划的推进,城市整体布局发生改变.而轨道交通,不但扮演着改变城市结构和人群结构的重要角色,更是通过"随时随地的瞬间到达",淡化距离概念,切合现代人的时间概念,把一批客户吸引到地铁周边区域中来.不论何种产业,只要沾上"地铁效应",仿佛都沾上了"仙气".而房地产业,无疑将会成为最大的"受惠者".随着地铁5号线运行、地铁10号线全面建成日益临近,北京房地产业再次找到新的价值"题材".     

天津发展楼宇经济需要关注的三大问题

楼宇经济是我国城市经济发展中涌现出的一种新型经济形态,是城市化、工业化和现代化发展到一定阶段的产物,其发展程度成为反映一个地方经济实力、财富集聚、新经济发展状况的重要标志,它作为一种新的经济形态已成为城市发展的新增长点,由此也产生了城市发展的新理念与新模式.作为调整优化经济结构、加快转变发展方式的重要战略,天津楼宇经济已进入全面发展阶段,成为天津发展的新亮点.然而,在发展楼宇经济的过程中还存在着一些亟待理清和破解的问题,如没有理顺楼宇经济与发展现代服务业的关系、反映楼宇经济发展的统计与评价体系不健全、楼宇经济与楼宇文化的发展不协调等.     

直面理想 撬动发展——对天津重点规划编制工作的思考

正一、站在历史的拐点(一)发展的轨迹历史上,天津是我国北方重要的工商业城市,建国后由于计划经济体制和"大三线"建设,产业发展以工业为主,商业金融功能弱化。1976年天津遭受唐山大地震的严重破坏,城市功能受到了严重影响,经济中心的地位逐渐丧失。改革开放以来,天津的经济开始复苏,但是当时国家沿海城市战略重心在深圳和浦东,而且在北京作为国家行政中心、文化中心和经济中心的光芒下,国家赋予天津的城市定位是"拥有先进技术的综合性工业基地,开放型多功能的经济中心和现     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.