论佛教与印度教中的“曼荼罗”文化

“曼荼罗”符号在佛教(尤其是密宗)和印度教中都有“现象”上的同品运用,但符号所具有的所指意义,以及符号组合和内核的能指寓意并不相同.从佛教和印度教的发展历史和教义来看,曼荼罗符号有着交叉点,也存在各自的独立空间,主要体现在象征寓意、宗教思辨及灵修实践、寺院建筑布局等方面.     

宗喀巴《密宗道次第广论》的哲学思想探析

宗喀巴指出,佛陀所创正法,唯在于“教”“证”两种,“教”是指佛教教理,“证”为修道中的证悟。宗喀巴《密宗道次第广论》具有鲜明的“教”与“证”相结合的特色。此著在“教”方面体现为本体论、佛性论、人生论、道德论、方法论等哲学思想,贯穿于《密宗道次第广论》的哲学主线是中观应成派一切诸法缘起性空论。通过灌顶、诵咒、观想及借助坛城、法器等修各种瑜伽,以亲证或体现这些哲学思想。诸如此类的哲学思想是《密宗道次第广论》所论述的各种修行实践的深刻内涵,而各种修行实践是其外在表现形式。     

西藏西部佛教石窟中的曼荼罗与东方曼荼罗世界

近年来,我国考古工作者在西藏西部的东嘎、皮央等地调查发现了一批佛教石窟,这一发现不仅极大地丰富了西藏高原佛教艺术的宝库,也填补了我国石窟寺艺术在空间分布上的空白,引起国内外学术界极大的重视与关注。 西藏西部石窟壁画中有大量的密教美术题材,其中尤其是以东嘎洞窟所绘的大幅密宗曼荼罗图最为精美、最为丰富多彩。作为一种特殊的密教图案,曼荼罗在东方佛教美术世界中占有十分重要的位置,在南亚印度、尼泊尔等国以及东亚的中国、日本等国历史上都曾经一度甚为流行。但现存于世的曼荼罗图案,却仅在藏密系统的中国西藏、尼泊尔、拉达克,以及称之为“东密”的日本密教中得以保存流传至今。本文拟通过对于西藏西部石窟壁画中的曼荼罗遗存与这些地区密教曼荼罗图像的比较研究,揭示东方曼荼罗世界在表现形式与精神象征等方面的异同,进而探讨其文化上的相互关系。     

浅析藏密曼荼罗的用料与色彩

据密宗典籍说,曼荼罗是密宗修行者通过这种形式在其精神世界里交通"神灵"的一种神圣场所或道场。作为一种宗教艺术纹样,它流传甚广,影响巨大,其制作用料和色彩搭配都有其深刻的民族心理和宗教象征意义。     

外“真”内“奇”：电影《雄狮少年》的技术话语与美学形态

近几年国产动画电影普遍以神话题材为主导,然而这一格局却因“现象级”作品《雄狮少年》被打破。这部影片以三维动画技术为支撑,对现实主义题材进行深入刻画。本文探究《雄狮少年》的技术话语与美学形态,分析电影中显性与隐性两种技术语言的应用逻辑,指出其影像外“真”而内“奇”的美学特点。并进一步阐明当代中国动画的发展需要对现实主义的观照,其技术美学需要将“奇”与“真”结合。     

天人合一的藏传佛教密宗曼荼罗艺术

文章对藏传佛教密宗曼荼罗艺术的发展源流、种类形式、表现内容、风格特色、宗教 象征意义、审美内涵、艺术特色等作了较全面的探讨和论述。     

试析藏传密宗大威德类教法的传承史

大威德教法属藏传密宗四续部之无上瑜伽父续,是一部实修“大威德”本尊的教法,通常汉译为“阎摩敌”或“大威德金刚”等。它是藏传佛教各教派共同修习和依止的一位本尊,格鲁派称它为“多吉久谢”,宁玛派中以“文殊身”来命名,是文殊菩萨以威猛姿态显现的一种本尊。根据藏文文献可以发现,因旧译和新译密宗教法的传承不同,其教法最初在古印度盛行、传承途径以及入藏后的传承路径也有所差异。它们分别是以旧译宁玛派密宗大师为主的传承派系和以新译格鲁派等教派中的传承流派。虽然传承史不同,但其教义理论却无异。     

论《格萨尔》对藏族民间信仰观念之体现

《格萨尔》作为一部曲折表现藏族人民认识世界、解释世界和改造世界的英雄史诗,承载了藏族民间的信仰文化,藏族人的真、利、善、美、圣观念在其中被体现得淋漓尽致,因而使其思想性和艺术性获得了高度的统一。也正是这种统一性,使得历史与现实的“真”和文学的“真”,通过以表现史诗主人公格萨尔金戈铁马一生所获得的现实的“利”与幻想的“利”的故事为载体,以善、美、圣为意义的支持而得以实现。文章从探讨存在于《格萨尔》中藏民族的真、利、善、美、圣观念及其相互支持、相互诠释、相互渗透、相互依赖的关系入手,企图从整体上考察藏族文化何以形成被社会各阶层普遍认同的凝聚力,何以有延续千年而不衰的活力。     

遗产的社会建构：话语、叙事与记忆——“百年未有之大变局”下的遗产传承与传播

“百年未有之大变局”下遗产话语与实践正面临危机，基于历史学、民族学、社会学、符号学、文化学等梳理并构建跨学科理论逻辑体系，用社会建构的视角探讨我国遗产话语横向共时性的中西方平等对话、纵向历时性的文化符号表征与文化记忆的形成，提出“遗产社会建构框架”与“遗产共建共享：文化‘活态化’传承与传播的社会实践路径”，强调只有在对话与交流的基础上，以人为本、以文化为核心，对遗产文化符号进行“神圣化”“重复化”与“现时化”的阐释与展示，才能讲好中国传统文化故事，形成文化记忆，“活态化”传承与传播遗产文化，塑造民族文化自觉、文化自信与文化认同。     

藏传佛教密宗述略

佛教分大乘和小乘，大乘佛教中又分显宗和密宗。由印度传人西藏并广为传播的是大乘佛教，其中密宗较为兴盛，提倡显密共修，先显后密。藏语称密宗作“桑俄”，意为“秘密真言”。密宗的发达是藏传佛教重要特点之一。十三世纪初，佛教在印度泯灭后，唯有藏传佛教保留了密宗四部修习的完整形态。藏传佛教密宗有自己的传承，在所重经典、修习次第、仪轨、制度等方面也有其独到之处。     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.