Change in prevalence or preference? Trends in educational homogamy in six European countries in a time of educational expansion

This paper analyzes trends in educational homogamy in six European countries (Sweden, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, and Italy). We use vital statistics on all marriages contracted between 1990 and 2016. Absolute educational homogamy increases in all countries (very moderately in the Czech Republic and Italy), it changes its structure, and the absolute educational hypogamy of women increases. The trends over time and among countries in relative educational homogamy are tested using log-linear and log-multiplicative models. We expand a regression-type layer effect model (the Goodman-Hout model) into a four-way table. The results indicate differing assortative mating by educational categories. Relative homogamy decreases in tertiary education. In lower educational categories, relative homogamy increases. We present the hypothesis that a decrease in relative homogamy in tertiary education is a consequence of the rise of social homogamy. We conceptualize this homogamy balance as a “complementary maintained homogamy.” Because changes in relative educational homogamies are the same in all countries, the cross-country differences remain constant over time. We conceptualize this as a “maintained flux.” The European countries are not in convergence, even though the relative homogamies delineated by educational categories change.     

Perceived social standing among Asian immigrants in the US: Do reasons for immigration matter?

We investigate the association between a subjective measure of social status and the reasons for immigration among Asian immigrants in the US. We use data from the National Latino and Asian American Study to test several hypotheses about this association. Our analyses show the positive effect on perceived social standing of migrating for better education, the negative effect of migrating to seek employment, and the negative impact of refugee status. Migrating for family reunification can be associated with various circumstances, which lead to differing outcomes. The results suggest that the notion that immigrants arrive in the US with limited resources and few skills and move slowly up the socioeconomic ladder must be reassessed in light of the complex social context and factors such as ethnicity, gender, divergent immigration paths, and a range of associated circumstances.     

ition in heavy cylinder in

ethod. Different flaws have different sensitivity to different type, position and stance of probes, and data fusion techniques can make the full use of the information. Local decisions of each group of transducers can be made     

Does race matter in the search for housing? An exploratory study of search strategies, experiences, and locations

In a departure from most studies of the causes of racial residential segregation that focus on the three main factors of economics, preferences, and discrimination, this paper examines one of the mechanisms through which segregation may be perpetuated: the housing search process itself. Data come from a 2004 face-to-face survey of an area probability sample of African American and white householders living in the three counties of the Detroit metropolitan area (n = 734). These data are used to address three research questions: (1) What are the strategies people use to find housing, and are there racial differences in those strategies? (2) Do whites and African Americans report similar or different experiences in the search for housing? (3) Do the locations in which people search for housing vary by race? Results show that once controlling for the type of search and background characteristics, the search strategies are generally similar for whites and blacks, though more so for buyers than renters: for example, black renters use more informal strategies and networks than do white renters. Analyses that look at the features of these strategies, however, reveal some significant racial differences. Search experiences are similar in terms of length and number of homes inspected, but other objective and subjective questions about the search show blacks at a disadvantage compared to whites: African Americans submit more offers/applications for homes, report more difficulties, and are much more likely to feel they were taken advantage of during the search. The racial characteristics of the communities in which blacks and whites search are quite different: whites mainly search in white communities, while African Americans search in communities with a variety of racial compositions. The paper concludes with a call for further research on housing search strategies, with particular attention to the role of social networks.     

如何降低脂蛋白a

正我今年68岁,患糖尿病20余年。化验血脂时,脂蛋白a为680毫克/升,属于不正常范围,其余指标都在理想范围。听说血脂脂蛋白a是动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病的独特危险因素,如果升高会增加动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成的危险。请问怎样降低脂蛋白a,以确保不患心血管疾病?江苏王先生     

Growing pains or appreciable gains? Latent classes of neighborhood change,and consequences for crime in Southern California neighborhoods

This study explored the dynamic nature of neighborhoods using a relatively novel approach and data source. By using a nonparametric holistic approach of neighborhood change based on latent class analysis (LCA), we have explored how changes in the socio-demographic characteristics of residents, as well as home improvement and refinance activity by residents, are related to changes in neighborhood crime over a decade. Utilizing annual home mortgage loan data in the city of Los Angeles from the years 2000–2010, we 1) conducted principle components factor analyses using measures of residential in-migration and home investment activities; 2) estimated LCA models to identify classes of neighborhoods that shared common patterns of change over the decade; 3) described these 11 classes; 4) estimated change-score regression models to assess the relationship of these classes with changing crime rates. The analyses detected six broad types of neighborhood change: 1) stability; 2) urban investors; 3) higher-income home buyers; 4) in-mover oscillating; 5) oscillating refinance; 6) mixed-trait. The study describes the characteristics of each of these classes, and how they are related to changes in crime rates over the decade.     

“Double-dose” English as a strategy for improving adolescent literacy: Total effect and mediated effect through classroom peer ability change

“Double-dose” coursework has become an increasingly popular strategy to assist low-performing students succeed in academic coursework. Chicago implemented a “double-dose” English policy in 2003. This policy not only provided additional instructional time to struggling readers, but also intensified skill-based sorting in English classes. I use policy-induced variation to infer the policy effect on students’ reading achievement and the effect mediated by classroom peer ability change. Results show very weak, but positive effects of taking double-dose English for students with average skills. However, potential benefits of doubled instructional time are likely to be offset by negative effects of declines in classroom peer ability. Students with very weak skills experienced minimal change in classroom peer ability, and two-period coursework is likely to benefit these students.     

UG in Imitation

UG and imitation are two parallel hypotheses trying to answer how childrens language acquisition is realized. Imitation fails to explain how children acquire language; however, it helps a lot in childrens language acquisition.     

Heaven and Man Integrating each other Or Man and Nature Being in Harmony——and Discussion of Different Times for Different Emphases

中国天人合一这一古老哲学命题,在当代社会理应起到它应有的启示作用。不论古代天人合一论有几多庞杂的内涵,也不论生态价值在古代天人合一论诸多内涵中地位多么次要,只要能体恤当代人在对对象、现实、感性所进行的感性活动或实践的理解,他们就一定会想到天人合一。这并非迎合时尚、随意发挥,而是因顺时势有所侧重,是思维理路和论说视阈之别。     

Shanghai as a Method——Exploration of the Possibility of a Reflective Shanghai Studies

Shanghaiology undergoes the process from the repeated disputes resulting from the advocate of Shanghaiology to multidisciplines development in the name of Shanghai Studies.However,Shanghaiology and its...     

Issues in Learner Strategy

IntroductionWhyaresomepeoplemoreeffectiveatlanguagelearningthanothers ?Whatmakessomelearnerssuccess fulatlearningaforeign/secondlanguagethanothers ?Inordertoanswerthesequestions ,itseemsnotenoughonlytotalkaboutindividualdifferencesintermsofaptitude ,age ,learningstyles ,motivationandpersonality .“ResearchsupportstheeffectivenessofusingL2strategiesandhasshownthatsuccessfullanguagelearnersoftenusestrate gies ”ThisexplainswhynumerousresearcherslikeWilliams&Burden ,Cook ,Brown ,Wenden&Rubin …     

Politics for Revising Cultural Studies:Politics for Revising Cultural Studies——An Interview with Tony Bennett

Chiefly noted for his work at the intersections of social and cultural theory,Tony Bennett was born in Oldham—a Lancashire cotton town— in 1947.He was educated at Oxford University,where he studied Politics,Philosophy and Economics,and at Sussex University where he studied Sociology,completing his Ph D on the social and aesthetic theories of Georg Lukács.Holding his initial position at the University of Bristol,he subsequently     

The Motivation for the Conversation——Rationality

In 1957, Grice suggested the theory of meaning-nn as a theory of communication. Later, he developed Cooperative Principle (CP) as guidelines for the efficient and effective use of language in conversation. Some philosophers and linguists try to develop and modify the Grice's Cooperative Principle or attempt to challenge the validity of this and suggest some other principles. However, very few try to explore the driving force behind conversation. What is the mechanism underlying the use of a sentence to convey extra meaning? After a more detailed examination of Grice's work on philosophy and language, we discover that the importance of rationality is shown throughout his work. Therefore we can conclude that rationality, not the cooperation, is the real motivation, though Grice invents the Cooperative Principle. Cooperation is the realization of rationality applied at the level of discourse.     

On Fuzzy Expressions in English

In this paper I attempt to explain my general understanding of fuzzy expressions in language, and I take English as an example. Fuzziness is one of the basic characteristics of language. It differs from generality, ambiguity and vagueness. There are many examples of fuzzy expressions in English. I supply examples of color words, some adjectives and linguistic hedges. Finally I attempt to explain fuzziness from pragmatic point of view.     

Problems and Possible Solutions in Teaching English to Chinese Middle School Students in Baotou

包头市中学英语教学存在的问题有外籍教师匮乏;英汉语法差异造成教学困难;应试教学与语言交际特点的冲突等.解决办法有定期培训中国教师以取代外教;变传统语法讲述为反复句型结构操练;对交际与应试要求的矛盾则可采取折衷办法.     

AI for Science：科学研究范式的新革命

人工智能驱动的科学研究（AI for Science）是大数据时代以机器学习为代表的智能技术与科学研究深度融合的产物,在物理科学、生命科学等多领域科研场景中已经取得突破性进展。以AI支撑前沿科技发展的新模式正在改变科学研究的方式,加速科学发现的进程,引发了科学研究范式的新革命,并产生广泛的社会影响。作为新兴的科学问题解决方案,AI for Science目前仍面临诸多困境,亟需国家政策支撑与平台建设,通过实现项目、平台、人才等维度的跨领域融合与重构,以更好地发挥AI在科研领域的渗透性与颠覆性力量。