制造行业供应链合作关系对协同及运作绩效影响的实证研究

根据制造行业供应链的特点,建立了供应链合作关系对协同运作,以及合作关系和协同对供应链运作绩效的影响假设模型,其中,供应链合作关系以沟通、信任、承诺、适应、相互依赖和合作6个因素作为度量因素;供应链协同以信息共享、同步决策和激励联盟作为研究维度;供应链绩效主要考察配送、库存成本和柔性3个方面的情况.运用结构方程模型的研究方法,对163例国内制造企业供应链进行数据收集、分析和处理,结果表明,供应链合作关系对协同运作有很强的正性影响作用;同时,供应链合作关系、协同对供应链运作绩效也有明显正性影响.     

基于权力视角的供应链协调机制分析框架

协调机制是影响供应链绩效的主要因素.供应合同研究忽视了机会主义行为的影响,同时也未涉及合同的达成过程.合作伙伴关系研究考虑了防范机会主义行为的问题,但仍未涉及协调机制的达成过程.供应链契约演化理论强调协调机制的调整是成员企业学习的结果,但忽视了协调机制的利益分配功能.综合上述理论及资源依赖理论,本文提出,协调机制是权力博弈的结果.每一种任务依赖关系都对应着一个潜在的有效率的协调机制,只有当权力结构与有效率的协调机制相适应时,才可能实现供应链整体绩效最优化的目标.     

多晶硅光伏供应链的竞争、合作与协调

论文研究了多晶硅光伏供应链的竞争、合作与协调,研究结果表明:(1)PSM相互合作情形的利润高于PSM相互竞争的利润;(2)PM在PSM相互竞争情形下的利润高于在PSM相互合作情形下的利润;(3)供应链渠道在PSM相互竞争情形下的总利润高于在PSM相互合作情形下的总利润;(4)相比于竞争、合作情形,采取一种改进的收入分享契约协调机制可以有效地提高供应链渠道总体的利润,同时每个PSM以及PM的利润都有较大的提高。因此,建议多晶硅光伏供应链上游PM和下游PSM协同合作,建立上下游的利润分配协调机制,从而有效提高多晶硅光伏供应链整体的绩效。     

随机需求下基于价格折扣的两种供应链协调策略

本文研究一个多周期运行的一对多供应链系统,提出了两种基于价格折扣的供应链协调策略:数量协调与时间协调。研究结果表明,与传统的分散决策系统相比,数量协调可使供应链整体绩效得以改进,在此基础上的时间协调可进一步改进绩效。论文还分别给出了两种协调机制的实现方法。最后进行了数值验证。     

敏捷供应链背景下企业合作关系对企业绩效的影响

现有理论文献认为,良好的企业合作关系能够提高企业绩效,但对于其作用效果和作用路径仍缺乏实证研究的支持.本文以重庆市的242家企业为研究样本,通过因子分析和结构方程模型研究了企业合作关系、敏捷供应链和企业绩效三者之间的关系,验证了企业合作关系对敏捷供应链效益、企业绩效水平具有显著的正向影响,而敏捷供应链效益可以很好地提高企业的绩效水平.     

面向道德风险的易逝品供应链声誉演化研究

易逝品供应链协调问题常见于单期报童问题背景,而实际中供应链成员之间更常见的是多期合作与博弈关系。鉴于此,本论文将易逝品供应链协调问题的研究背景拓展至多期合作情形,在单边道德风险框架下研究制造商声誉的形成与演化过程,发现了易逝品供应链中制造商声誉的演化机制。最后对结论进行了数值分析和验证,并分析了各主要参数的结论的影响。     

基于供应链收益共享契约的格子铺经营机制优化分析

格子铺经营模式已引起理论者和实践者广泛关注.针对格子铺经营模式的合作问题,在努力因素影响需求的市场环境里,基于供应链视角,通过建模与优化,分析了节点企业的决策特征与策略选择,讨论了收益共享机制对格子铺经营模式的影响,研究表明单纯的收益共享机制,无法实现格子铺经营模式的整体绩效最优(即由格主、铺主参与的供应链合作机制的协调),不能够改善格子铺合作；当对租金收取机制进行调整,使其为促销、广告投入的一定比例时,收益共享机制可以实现合作的协调,进而达到改善格子铺经营的目的.     

浅谈现代企业诚信供应的作用

在现代供应链管理中,为了使整个供应链达到最优以获得更大的利益,必须对供应链进行整合,而合作关系的建立和发展是以信任关系为基础的。分析了信任在供应链中对于企业间合作关系的重要作用,对供应链企业间的信任机制的构建作了细致的探讨。     

零售商退出风险的供应链冲击与协调契约分析

零售商退出会导致供应链合作关系的终止,冲击供应链合作运营的基础,供应链企业需要合作应对吗?本文以数量折扣契约下的协调供应链为研究框架,研究存在零售商退出风险时传统数量折扣契约的供应链运作,并构建改进契约下的供应链协调模型。通过理论推演与仿真分析发现,零售商退出风险对供应链运作可能造成巨大的冲击,同时也惊讶地发现,虽然数量折扣契约在冲击下不能协调运作,但运作效率非常高。建议契约调整成本不高的供应链可选择我们改进后的协调数量折扣契约。     

随机需求下基于Stackelberg博弈的供应链价格折扣策略研究

从供应链成员之间的Stackelberg博弈本质联系出发,设定在随机需求状态时科学合理的价格折扣策略.以EOQ模型为依托,引入联合成本与分散决策下的系统各方成本之和两个相互独立的概念,引入成本节约额,对内涵式价格折扣协调环境下的数量协调与时间协调进行了Stackelberg分析;引入协调因子这一新术语,对外延式价格折扣协调后的利益再分配进行了Stackelberg博弈分析.得出以下结论与传统的供应链上下游企业分散决策相比,在联合决策环境下,基于数量的协调和基于时间的协调可以给供应链收益带来显著的变化,而基于时间的协调策略可以使整个供应链绩效得到更大的改进,而且通过建立供应链收益分配机制可以使供应链上下游企业都能从协调策略中受益.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Chronic stress and chronic disease in life and work: Conceptual and methodological issues

This paper argues that the lack of strong prospective evidence linking occupational and social stress to chronic disease stems from the failure of research designs to attend sufficiently to the aetiological chronicity of such diseases. Studies of both supposedly acute stress (life events) and chronic stress in life or work must increasingly be designed to distinguish between stress which is sustained or chronic over a period of yean or even decades, and hence capable of causing a serious chronic disease, and brief or transient stress, which may produce transient or brief psychological or physiological disturbances but cannot generate major chronic disease. Prospective studies are needed which collect measures of both stress and health or disease at multiple points over an extended period of time. Measures of stress should focus more on affect (for example, feelings of pressure and tension) than on cognition (for example feelings of satisfaction). Limited existing evidence is consistent with these ideals.