当前计生工作要应对“四大考验”

《人口与计划生育法》、《计划生育技术服务条例》（以下分别简称《法》和《条例》）的颁布实施,确立了人口与计划生育工作在经济、社会协调发展和可持续发展中的法律地位,规范了计划生育行政主体的行政行为和公民实行计划生育的权利与义务,标志着计划生育基本国策从此有“国法”来保驾护航,这     

完善计划生育法制化管理机制

强调依法行政，就是要建立起行政权力内部上下级之间及其客体之间的合法公正的契约关系，增强计划生育行政权力运行机制的合法性。为此，需要完善计划生育法制化的管理机制，防止经济体制转轨过渡时期出现的权威危机。本文对此作一初探。１完善人口与计划生育法律法规体系，协调解决好立法之间的空白点和交叉点 当前，各地计划生育行政管理，主要依靠地方立法进行管理，法律对公民有关生育方面的权利和义务作出明确规范。由于地方立法的地方局限性与市场经济人、财、物的流动性，统一性的矛盾，给人口与计划生育的依法行政带来一些需要完善…     

正确认识公民权利义务相统一行政机关权力责任相一致的原则

《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》颁布、实施后,各地迅速掀起了学习、培训的高潮。如何全面准确把握法律的基本精神,是学习好、贯彻好这部法律的重要前提。笔者认为,正确认识和坚持公民实行计划生育权利与义务相统一、行政机关行使行政权力与承担责任相一致的原则,是人口与计划生育法的重要核心内容。     

计划生育行政案件的若干法律问题

《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》(以下简称《法》)自2002年9月1日起正式施行后,起诉到人民法院的计划生育行政案件逐渐增多。人民法院及时、准确、合法地审理计划生育行政诉讼案件,对于维护正常的计划生育行政管理秩序,保护公民实行计划生育的权利,保障国家计划生育基本国策的顺利贯彻,促进安定团结和社会稳定,具有重要意义。     

问答三则

问:公民交了社会抚养费,就可以合法地生孩子了吗?社会抚养费收缴后,是不是计划生育部门自己用? 答:“公民交了社会抚养费,就可以合法地生孩子了”这种理解是不对的。公民有生育权,但生育权的行使必须依法进行,而依法行使生育权与依法履行计划生育义务是密切联系的。只有履行计划生育义务,生育权的行使才具合法性。《社会抚养费征收管理办法》第二条规定:“公民享有依法生育的权利,同时应当依法履行实行计划生育的义务,其生育行为应当符合人口与计划生育法的规     

论《人口与计划生育法》中公民的权利与义务

《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》是我国人口与计划生育领域的一部基本法律。它的颁布实施构建了以《宪法》为依据 ,以《人口与计划生育法》为基本法律 ,以国务院行政法规和地方政府规章相配套的具有中国特色的人口与计划生育工作法律体系的基本框架。从法理上讲 ,法是以权利与义务为机制调整人的行为和社会关系的 ,权利与义务是法律规范的核心内容。所谓权利 ,是指规定或隐含于法律规范之中 ,实现于法律关系之中的主体以相对自由的作为或不作为的方式获得利益的手段 ;所谓义务是指设定或隐含于法律规范之中、实现于法律关系之中的、主体…     

浅谈计划生育行政执法监督检查

一、计划生育行政执法监督检查的必要性 计划生育行政执法是指计划生育工作部门根据法律法规授权执行人口与计划生育法律、法规、规章,按照法定程序实施的具体的计划生育行政行为。计划生育行政执法监督检查是指各级人民政府对所属计划生育行政部门和下级人民政府及其所属计划生育工作部门,以及各级计划生育部门在本级人民政府的领导下,对本系统在行政执法中进行监督检查的活动。其监督检查分为抽象行政行为的监督检查和具体行政行为的监督检查。     

“三关爱”与建设计划生育文明

长春市人口计生委率先提出的人性关爱、人情关爱和人文关爱,即“三关爱”理念,体现了一种自外而内、从下到上的追求,勾画出了计划生育文明的思路框架。人性关爱体现了权利本位的思想,尊重群众,理解群众。人情关爱体现了服务本位的思想。人文关爱体现了文化本位的思想。“三关爱”化解矛盾、创造和谐、促进发展。“三关爱”对政府的工作提出了全新要求,体现了管理型计划生育向服务型计划生育的历史转轨,重民权、合民情、贴民心,构成抓好人口计生工作、提升人口计生工作质量的新动力,是新时期人口计生工作值得关注的重要导向。     

生育的外部性与生育权利的部分渡让

在第九届全国人大第二十五次会议上通过的《人口与计划生育法》,标志着我国人口与计划生育工作进入了一个新的时代。这部法律的核心内容之一是强调生育权利与计划生育义务的统     

我国人口与计划生育法的几个理论问题

我国《人口与计划生育法》应将人口规划纳入调整范围 ,以确认国家指导与群众自愿相结合的计划生育本质 ,确立计划生育组织的法律地位。应在强调保护公民在计划生育中的合法权利前提下强调其社会义务。并通过加强和提高生殖健康服务质量等促进建立新型社会主义生育文化。     

论计划生育“三结合”模式的科学性

计划生育“三结合”由吉林省率先提出近十年,并已被国家充分肯定。十年来的实践已证实了计划生育“三结合”的正确与可行,尚缺少理论上的深入研究,经在国家计生委立项的“计划生育三结合之路研究”的软课题中找到了计划生育三结合提出的理论依据,进一步论证了计划生育三结合的科学性。     

关于长春市以“三关爱”理念推进人口计生工作的调查报告

长春市人口和计划生育委员会在全面深化人口和计划生育工作综合改革过程中,提出了“人性关爱,人情关爱,人文关爱”的服务理念,取得了人口和计划生育工作的崭新成果,得到了广大群众的好评,得到了国家和省有关部门的充分肯定。     

论“三关爱”理念与构建和谐社会的关系

长春市人口和计划生育委员会提出并落实了“三关爱”的工作理念。“三关爱”既是人口和计划生育系统为构建社会主义和谐社会所做的努力,又是和谐社会应有之义和重要内容。     

Sexuality and international human rights law

This essay considers the extent to which international human rights now protect, or might protect, GLBT communities. The counterpoint between the potential width of application of international human rights instruments and their silence on sexuality has become the leitmotif of sexuality and gender identity within the international human rights framework. In addition, there is a symbiotic relationship between the international norms and domestic legal systems which directly affects the meaning of those norms. Domestic laws are not only needed to implement international norms, but are essential in overcoming the equivocations and silences of international human rights law as it has traditionally applied to GLBT communities. A fusion of the international norms with domestic legal systems through the principle of diversity, rather than the principle of equality, is needed.     

Redefining family planning programs

The Population Council's issue paper entitled Reconsidering the Rationale, Scope, and Quality of Family Planning Programs calls on family planning programs to focus only on reducing unwanted fertility by helping people meet their own reproductive goals safely and ethically. Many family planning programs have been wrongly handed the extra responsibility of reducing wanted fertility. They have therefore used inappropriate means (e.g., incentives, quotas, and coercion) to boost contraceptive prevalence. If programs do focus on reducing unwanted fertility, they will foster reductions in overall fertility and population growth as well as improvements in clients' health and well-being. A new framework has emerged from this shift in rationale. It sets the stage for expanding the scope, improving the quality, and assessing the impact of family planning programs in terms of client choice, health, and well-being. A program needs to determine the range and quality of family planning services it provides at the local level. Local program managers, policymakers, and consumer interest groups should establish minimum or achievable standards of service based on the local health care capacity. Program items that should be assessed include choice of methods, information for clients, technical competence, interpersonal relations, mechanisms to encourage continuity of care, and appropriate constellation of services. The Population Council has conducted rapid appraisals of the quality of care of family planning services to help local program managers to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of their programs. The HARI (Helping Individuals Achieve their Reproductive Intentions) Index measures a program's success in helping clients safely prevent unwanted or unplanned pregnancy. Program managers can conduct a self-assessment that revolves around answering four questions. Family planning services are an important social investment and are essential to development.     

Comprehensive understanding of "truth of China's family planning practices"

This is an account of the tour by 25 U.S. Congressmen to the Peoples' Republic of China in November 1986 to determine the degree of coercion in the family planning program. 1st, the delegates attended a conference in Beijing, introducing the family planning program in China, lead by the minister of the China State Family Planning Commission. Then they had talks with researchers at the Population Research Centre. The group split up and some inspected the Nanjing Institute of Family Planning Management. Others went to Shanghai and visited the International Peace Hospital of Maternity and Child Care. 2 delegates travelled to a rural community in Jiangsu Province. Thus, the congressmen and women got a wide exposure of central authorities and local organizations. A spokesman for the Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee emphasized that the few incidents of coercion were exceptions, contrary to policy, and greatly spectacularized in the western press. Some cases were merely a variety of management style, and were dealt with by admonition. Women usually go for abortions on their own request. Those who have unplanned births are subject to social pressure and taxation. China's population policy must be respected as it is designed to meet her particular needs.     

On family planning and socialist cultural civilization]

Family planning is a very important part of the Socialist cultural civilization, and it has a great impact on the ideology, ethics, and change of moral concepts. The old concept of having a large family and favoring boys over girls has been changed because of the popularization of family planning, and the overall quality of China's population can thus be improved. In the practical work of family planning, construction of the Socialist cultural civilization should be handled well. Science should be developed and taught to the general public, and the traditional ideology concerning birth and population should be gradually changed and eliminated. In this way, people will become more conscious of the need for family planning. In the meantime, efforts should be made to promote social welfare, such as the establishment of more and better daycare centers and nursing homes so that the common worries about family planning can be removed. The people should gradually learn about their rights and responsibilities as citizens and understand that family planning is in the best interest of the whole country as well as for the good fortune of later generations. With close cooperation between the people and the government and with reasonable management of family planning, China will be built into a strong nation with an adavnced Socialist cultural civilization.     

The future of world population

Analysis of future population trends reveals a regional pattern of continued growth, dependent upon basic assumptions about demographic factors and the priority given to human rights, socioeconomic development, and global interdependence. Developing countries will account for 85-87% of world population growth, and the most rapid increase will occur in Africa. The optimum size of population remains debatable. Ecologist argue for a reduction to 1-2 billion people in order to be in balance with nature and maintain a high quality of life. A rapid, but plausible, fertility decline would result in a population of 10 billion by 2070. The lowest feasible UN projection is 8 billion. A 1-2 billion world population would not be feasible without drastic mortality increases and fertility declines. Population control is a highly charged and complex issue; feminists are not about to place responsibility for environmental degradation on women's excess fertility. The spirit of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights is that women have the right to determine family size with personal integrity and freedom rather than suffer coercion for the rights of society. Family planning is a necessary ingredient for achieving the goal of desired family size. The quality of life may be undermined by upholding human rights, without recognition of the context of socioeconomic development and global interdependencies. Global economic conditions, political crises, and environmental degradation can undermine even the best national development efforts. The most difficult task ahead is addressing priorities and forming a consensus. Human rights, socioeconomic conditions, and global interdependencies must be satisfied in a mutually beneficial way. When national and global goals conflict, a compromise must be reached. There are many unknowns. The challenge is to "identify a set of policies that will stabilize world climatic conditions, promote economic development, enhance the quality of life, and respect human rights." Investment in human capital, such as education and health, will help women to avoid unwanted pregnancies. Improving the status of women is key to socioeconomic development, human rights, and global interdependencies.