民营科技企业管理有效性实证分析

作为我国国民经济的重要组成部分,民营科技企业的管理好坏程度直接决定其自身的可持续发展。然而,要对民营科技企业的管理好坏程度进行客观准确的评价,就需要一种能够消除被评价对象客观基础条件优劣的影响,真正反映企业在经营管理上由于主观有效努力及能力而产生效益的方法。管理有效性理论及其测算方法可以通过企业实力的动态变化,反映经营管理的效率。通过对样本民营科技企业管理有效性的实证分析,说明该方法具有可行性和可靠性。     

试论社会性行为的构成要件

社会性行为是影响社会和谐稳定的重要因素。为促进社会性行为的有效性,在把握社会性行为主要特征,即主体的广泛性、对象的特殊性、种类的多样性、价值的双重性、结果的既定性、影响的差异性、模式的稳定性、监管的可行性基础上,加强其构成要件,即行为主体、行为主观方面、行为客体、行为客观方面的研究,努力揭示社会性行为的内在规律,无疑具有重要的理论与实践价值。     

从政治右倾化到社会右倾化——日本右倾化发展动向研究

进入21世纪以来,日本的右倾化现象越来越受到关注,相关讨论集中于政治右倾化和社会右倾化。学术界多认可日本政治右倾化这一事实,但对于日本社会是否已经右倾化却存在不同认知。究其原因,既跟日本社会所呈现的复杂性和多样性有关,也跟衡量社会右倾化标准的模糊性和隐蔽性有关。日本政治右倾化以“看得见的”和“看不见的”两种形式影响着日本社会右倾化。第一,右倾化的政界人士和政党以政策结果影响日本社会各行为主体,这直接导致了日本社会右倾化;第二,社会各行为主体的“无意识的右倾化”客观上掩盖了日本社会右倾化的现实;第三,民众的“偏好伪装”行为主观上否定了日本社会右倾化的现实。随着政治右倾化进程的加速以及外部因素的影响,日本社会的右倾化或将以更加显见的方式呈现。     

论主观精神与客观精神

在马克思主义哲学的研究中,我们从未引入“客观精神”概念,这个概念一直被认为是黑格尔的客观唯心主义哲学专有的概念。一提起精神,就意昧着一定是主观的,人们不仅用主观来规定精神,而且用精神来规定主观。这种理解,没有看到精神存在的复杂性。其实,精神不仅有主观的存在形态,而且有客观的存在形态。精神的运动,正是通过这两种存在形态的相互矛盾与转化实现的。要理解和说明精神的运动,就必须弄清精神的主观形态和客观形态,即主观精神与客观精神。 一、主观与客观 要弄清主观精神与客观精神,首先必须搞清这两个概念的确切涵义。在关于主观性…     

从外到内改善治理——外部行为主体对国家治理的影响因素分析

过去十年中,有一批学者开始研究一个国家的国内政治制度不仅受内部因素与外部环境,而且受他国的某些具体政策影响的可能性。一批新兴的研究考察了外部行为主体为改变目标国的国内制度结构可能会采取的多种政策工具的有效性。本文对相关著述进行了回顾,并得出一些结论。首先,不同方式的有效性不同:订立契约通常能够发挥作用,高压政治有时发挥作用,而强迫接受则很难发挥作用。其次,各种手段的发起国的动机十分关键:干预国必须有促使目标国制度变革的决心,采取手段才会有效。最后,目标国的条件十分关键:较高的发展水平更能促进制度变革,而精英的动机必须与外部行为主体的目标相一致。     

完善社会管理构建社会和谐发展的能力平台

构建和谐社会,核心是解决经济与社会发展的全面性、有效性与协调性问题。在能力本位社会,能力的有效开发是解决发展问题的基础。管理对能力开发所发挥的基础作用客观上要求通过对社会管理理念、管理体系和管理手段的完善,为社会和谐发展提供能力平台。     

公共政策决策责任的工具理性与价值理性分析

人类的理性可以划分为工具理性和价值理性两种形态。在对公共政策决策责任的分析中,由于工具理性的越位,导致理解上的偏颇。呼唤价值理性的回归,对公共政策决策责任进行科学界定,是公共管理面临的重要任务。以工具理性为基础的客观制度性责任和以价值理性为基础的主观伦理性责任,本应是相互联系的有机整体,由于工具理性的越位和价值理性的沦落而被割裂。客观制度性责任的主观化和主观伦理性责任的客观化,是其重新统一的根本途径。当客观的制度性责任通过服从、认同和内化的路径,成为公共政策决策主体价值体系的有机组成部分;主观的伦理性责任通过道德立法和角色社会化的路径,客观化为一种负责机制的时候,二者就会有机地结合在一起,共同为公共政策实践服务。     

美在主客观范畴之外

<正> 美是属于客观范畴还是主观范畴的问题,当前有三种观点:客观论、主观论和主客观统一论,其中客观论又分为自然属性说与社会属性说。我认为,这个问题长期争论不休,主观和客观的概念没有弄清是重要的原因之一。主观和客观,这是认识论专有的特殊概念,它不但包括了主体和客体、思维与存在这个最一般性的意义,而且在更深的     

论效用与中间效用

对效用范畴给予纯主观性的界定应该成为历史,经济学的基础理论研究必须扬起尊重客观实际的大旗,必须自觉地努力追求主观认识与客观实际的统一,对效用范畴重新定义。效用是指人类有用劳动成果作用的一般化,是一个具有客观性的经济学范畴。根据现代市场经济的实际,效用应有中间效用与终点效用的区分,界定中间效用具有重要的学术意义和现实意义。     

管理有效性及其在企业管理中的地位

管理有效性是指剔除客观基础条件优劣的影响,真正反映由于管理者主观努力而产生经济效益的管理活动的行为特性.在企业管理中,管理有效性是管理科学的重要内容和基本原则,是选择管理模式的根本标准,是管理制度兴衰的显著标志,是制约管理绩效和企业效益的重要原因.     

Child and family social work: organizational context and identity

In the years since 1948, child and family social work has, to differing degrees at different times, sought to identify itself with a national centrally directed service, with the local service organization, with its clientele and with an independent source of professional regulation. Changes in the organizational context in which the work has been carried out over this period have affected the prospects for the development of a secure identity. The effects of the following are considered: national structures, particularly in relation to children's departments between 1948 and 1971; the corporate local authority; the managerial function in social services departments; social care; specialization; the detailed scrutiny of practice; care management and the Children Act 1989.     

经营管理工作性质的制度分析

:企业经营管理工作的性质是现代经济理论和管理理论的核心范畴。经营管理工作性质及其运作的机制客观上将表现为经营管理工作的职责、管理行为、管理制度 ,以产权制度为核心的企业制度等相对稳定的制度因素。对经营管理工作性质研究的突破点在于实现从传统的非契约分析方式向制度分析和契约分析的方向演进     

Is GP Restratification Beginning in England?

English National Health Service general practice is being restructured through the introduction of primary care groups (PCGs) and trusts (PCTs), and the personal medical services (PMS) schemes. Theories of GPs' professional organization have to be modernized accordingly. Past theories have tended to concentrate on the occupational level rather than consider the effects of different forms of market and quasi–market on practitioners' income and their ability to control their everyday practice. This paper extends the theory of professionalization, as an occupational group's strategy for control over its work, to cover these matters, and thereby hypothesizes an explanation of GP responses to current changes in NHS primary health care. Case study data from four PCGs and four PMS pilots suggest that general practitioners are responding in some cases by defending enclaves of traditional general practice; in others by concentrating on clinical rather than managerial interests; and in others again by forming a new dominant coalition with NHS managers. Restratification seems to be beginning in NHS general practice although other policy developments may yet prevent it. Researchers should monitor this potentially important change as PCTs form.     

社会管理创新视阈下民办社会工作服务机构发展的意义与路径

社会变迁与社会转型整体上迅速推进了我国政治、经济、社会、文化的发展进程,而随之出现的社会问题和社会矛盾,给我国社会发展带来了诸多困境与挑战,社会工作也由此迎来了发展机遇。本文立足当前社会转型与变迁的现实,分析民办社工服务组织的现状,探索了社会管理视阈下,我国民办社会工作机构的发展路径,以期为实现社会管理创新战略目标,推进和谐社会建设进程提供参考。     

社会变迁过程中的结构紧张

伴随着制度变迁进行的结构性调整与创新,带来了不同利益群体之间的矛盾与冲突,这种矛盾与冲突引发的许多问题可归结为＂结构紧张＂产生的张力所致,＂失范＂状态就是一种典型的结构性问题。以调查数据为依据,分析、检验结构紧张与失范之间的关系,发现社会地位结构、组织结构、角色结构、权力地位结构、收入水平与教育水平结构上的差异与分化确实导致了失范感受的产生。诸如个体的失范、不满意度、相对剥夺感、地位不一致等负面感受很大程度正是缘于客观的结构分化快于制度整合而引起的失衡与紧张。     

Factors Impacting Market Occupancy of Non‐profit Human Service Organizations in the Public Social Service Market: Focused on an Individual Level

This study aims to experientially verify which factors of non‐profit human service organizations affect market sharing activities in the public social service market. Due to market‐oriented government policies, non‐profit human service organizations, which used to enjoy stable financial resources, are now placed in a competitive position to provide their services. It is necessary to find out which organizational factors give a competitive advantage to various service providers in competition, including profit organizations, and apply them to the management and operation of non‐profit human service organizations. This is how this study started. Independent variables were organizational characteristics (organization age, total budget, number of employees), externally oriented culture (development culture, rational culture), and organizational structure (centralization, formalization), while dependent variables were the number of vouchers and total profits. Data was collected from 35 community welfare centers, rehabilitation centers, and senior centers (163 respondents) in Busan, Korea. Multiple regression analysis was conducted for data analysis. As a result of the analysis, the number of vouchers was found to be affected by development culture (+) and formalization (?), and total profit from voucher business was determined by organization age (?), total budget (+), and number of employees (+). Based on the results, this study suggests that non‐profit human service organizations should have an externally oriented culture and a flexible organization system to hold more market share in the public social service market.     

Organization Development: a Group Centred Approach to Improving the Effectiveness of After-care Hostels

Summary This paper describes an approach to improving the effectivenessof voluntary hostels in which (a) the target for change is theentire management group of the hostel, (b) the content of therelationship between the management group and the consultantis real work problems and (c) the method of achieving changeactively involves members of the management group in the identificationand diagnosis of problem areas and in the development of strategiesto improve the situation. The aim of this approach is to encouragethe management group to take the initiative and manage ratherthan drift along and react to new circumstances as they arise.     

社会工作视野下单亲母亲家庭子女教育探究

20世纪80年代以来,伴随着改革开放和市场经济大潮的冲击,人们的家庭与婚姻观念发生了深刻的转变,我国离婚人数和离婚率持续上升,近五年来增速明显,单亲家庭逐渐增多。单亲母亲家庭作为一种特殊的家庭组织形式,已经是一个不容忽视的社会问题。对家庭成员的成长忽视,对于我国人口素质的提高带来极为不利的影响,也会给社会带来不稳定的因素。     

The effect of frequent managerial turnover on organizational performance: A study of professional baseball managers

This analysis is designed to study the question of a manager's contribution to the organization, particularly in terms of uncertainty related to managerial succession. The theory of managerial succession, which is the replacement of one public manager with another, suggests a negative relationship between change and organizational performance. Organizations’ decision to change managers more often exacerbates the negative effect on performance. The hypotheses are tested using baseball managers as proxies for public managers, as they perform similar duties, have similar goals, and operate under similar constraints. The results suggest that managerial succession has a negative effect on organizational performance. Frequent succession events also have a negative effect on performance, although the relationship is non-linear in nature.     

Planning in firms as an interactive process

This paper discusses the possible uses of economic analysis for strategic planning decisions in firms. It proposes an approach which emphasizes the role of common knowledge for decentralized parallel decision processes. Planning is interpreted as an interactive process among a set of agents who use a plan to formalize a theory of action and an invalidating procedure. In the course of action the agents are supposed to cope with uncertainty as long as the chosen theory remains justified. This approach has strong connections with some recent trends in managerial economics and in particular with the current work in the production sphere which similarly illuminates the role of common knowledge through objective physical flows to promote global efficiency of the firm.