代际地位变动影响农村老年人精神健康

近些年,关于老年人自杀、抑郁的报道屡见报端,这预示着随着老龄化的加剧,老年问题已经悄然影响到人们的社会生活,而老年人精神健康相对还是一个盲区。     

中国老年人闲暇活动参与状况及其影响因素分析

闲暇活动是老年人的重要生活内容,对提高老年人的身心健康有着显著作用。利用中国老龄科研中心在2000年和2006年实施的＂中国城乡老年人口状况一次性抽样调查＂数据和＂中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查＂数据,本文重点分析了我国老年人闲暇活动的参与状况及其影响因素。分析结果表明：我国老年人在闲暇活动的参与上明显表现出活动内容单一和追求＂解脱＂的特点;人口因素、社会经济因素、健康因素、设施环境因素对老年人的闲暇活动参与状况有着显著影响;在提高老年人的闲暇活动参与上,要强调生命历程的观点,并要在加强老年文化活动设施建设的基础上,进一步针对老年群体的特点丰富相应的活动内容。     

老年人心理健康状况及其影响因素

现代的生物心理社会医学模式提出:完整的健康概念包括生理、心理和社会功能三方面的良好和完满状态,而不仅仅是生理上没有病态;即健康不仅仅是躯体上、生理上的健康,还要有健康的心理和完善的社会适应能力。如何提高老年人心身健康水平,已成为全社会关注的问题。老年人在衰老过程中,首先生理功能的老化会导致心理功能老化,组织细胞和器官生理功能下降的同时,必然导致心理功能改变。表现在老年人具有     

城市社区老年人精神支持网构成及影响因素

本文以武汉城区为个案,运用调查数据描述了老年人精神支持网的构成,并分析讨论了老年人自身经济特征对其精神支持网的影响。在此基础上,提出了加强老年人精神支持网建设的两点建议。     

长寿风险及其防控刍议

长寿风险研究因为人口老龄化而具有日益重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文在评析长寿风险传统防控方式的基础上．系统论述了全球性人口老龄化、现代生命科学的进步乖聚合性长寿风险空前加剧等21世纪对长寿风险具有重大影响的变故：评析了利用生物学信息进行死亡率预测,通过“死亡率雷达”预测死亡率和通过资本市场防控长寿风险等防控长寿风险的新方式。最后,本文提出了引进、培养既精通数学,又深谙生物力量对死亡率影响的复合型保险精算专家和人口统计专家．积极通过资本市场防控长寿风险以及由政府出面构建死亡率指标等政策建议。     

新生代农民工精神健康状况及影响因素研究

本文利用珠三角农民工的问卷数据,分析了新生代农民工的精神健康状况及其影响因素,发现其精神健康欠佳。影响因素中仅有迁移感受和工厂体制有显著影响,社会支持的影响消失,这与国家、地方政府、资本共同编织的流动的劳动力体制有关。推动新生代农民工市民化进程,驱除其流动性,促进城市融入、工作权益的保护和社会支持网络的完善,是有效提升其精神健康的关键。     

中国农村养老状况及其区域比较

本文提出农村老龄化状况,尤其是区域差异的研究在全国人口老龄化研究中的重要地位。在区分几种不同养老模式的基础上,着重对农村的养老状况进行了分析,指出目前农村养老的困境在于家庭养老功能的弱化和缺损与社会养老不充分,无法对其形成有效补充之间的矛盾。同时指出这种矛盾在区域之间存在显著的差异,并分析了具体的原因。     

中国高龄老人健康状况和死亡率变动趋势

文章对“中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查”近两万名80～105岁高龄老人的数据分析发现,社会经济发展使得2008年高龄老人存活概率和自评日常生活自理能力比1998年有显著改善.医疗条件进步使健康较差高龄老人被“救”存活率提高,使2008年高龄老人客观量测的躯体功能和认知功能比10年前显著下降;这给社会和亿万家庭带来严峻挑战.研究表明,经济社会发展和人类寿命提高带来效益的同时,也会产生一定成本;但它不是以往不少国际文献解释这一现象时所称的“胜利的失败”,所以没有必要为此恐慌,而需要全社会积极应对,努力实现人口健康老龄化.     

城乡老年人权益保障状况——基于广州市两次老年人的调查分析

本文通过分析1998、2008年两次老年人调查数据,进一步了解城乡老年人的权益保障状况,研究发现城乡老年人的权益保障意识和状况存在明显的差异,大体上城市老年人优于农村老年人,但两者的差距呈缩小趋势。因此,老年人的权益保障工作要正视差距,不断完善以促进积极老龄化的发展。     

河南省农村外出务工人员心理健康状况调查与分析

近年来,农民工问题成为社会研究的热点问题,他们的心理健康问题也越来越多地受到人们的关注。本文采用精神症状自评量表（SCL-90）对河南的抽样调查资料进行测评。结果显示。农民工的心理健康不仅在不同性别、不同婚姻状况以及务工时间长短方面与正常人存在差异．而且不同地区之间农民工的心理健康状况也有着显著差异。     

Gender Differences in Mental Health Before and After Retirement:

A longitudinal research design was used to examine the relationship between retirement and mental health among 222 retirees (114 men and 108 women) at three different time periods: (I) at preretirement; (2) six months; and (3) one year later. Gender differences in the expression of symptoms, especially psychological anxiety, drinking problems, and health, were found across all three time periods. Retirement resulted in increases in drinking problems and psychological anxiety for both men and women. Intervention strategies are discussed and recommended based on how retirees experience symptoms. Gerontologists must recognize how significantly gender and retirement impact on the mental health of older persons and consider these factors in their practice.     

流动妇女心理健康状况分析

通过对江苏省张家港市和江阴市流动人口基本情况和症状自评量表(SCL-90)的实地调查,从流动妇女的人口社会学因素和流动经历特征分层分析流动妇女的心理健康状况。流动妇女心理健康水平低于成年正常女性;从人口社会学因素来看,未婚、无小孩、年轻的流动妇女心理健康水平较低;从流动经历来看,常回老家者、和家人同在一个城市者、对生活状况满意者的心理健康状况相对较好。     

老年人心理压力、应对方式与心理健康关系的研究

为了探讨心理压力和应对方式对老年人心理健康的影响,本研究采用社会再适应量表、应对方式量表和心理健康症状自评量表,对武汉市随机抽取的442位60岁以上老年人进行了问卷调查。研究结果表明:心理压力对老年人心理健康有直接影响,心理压力越大,老年人心理健康水平越低;解决问题、自责和幻想三种应对方式在心理压力与心理健康之间起中介作用,采用解决问题的应对方式,有利于调节压力对老年人心理健康的影响;反之,采用自责和幻想的应对方式则不利于老年人心理健康。     

Self-Perceived Parental Role and Mental Health Concomitants Among Israeli Gay and Heterosexual Fathers

ABSTRACT

In this study we examined the association between self-perceived parental role and adverse mental health (indicated by depressive symptoms, neuroticism, and negative affect) in a sample of 82 Israeli gay fathers (Mean age = 39.57, SD = 6.70) that were individually matched with 82 heterosexual fathers (Mean age = 39.11, SD = 7.88). Results showed that although self-perceived parental role was associated with adverse mental health, this association was moderated by sexual orientation, such that a significant negative association between self-perceived parental role and adverse mental health was evident only among gay fathers. The findings are understood by features of gay fatherhood, which is intentional and purposeful, and usually achieved after contending with particular difficulties in the journey to fatherhood. These features presumably shape the perceived parental role, and thus may link more strongly with lower levels of adverse mental health among gay fathers, compared to heterosexual fathers.     

The Interaction of Same-Sex Marriage Access With Sexual Minority Identity on Mental Health and Subjective Wellbeing

Previous psychological and public health research has highlighted the impact of legal recognition of same-sex relationships on individual identity and mental health. Using a sample of U.S. sexual minority (N = 313) and heterosexual (N = 214) adults, participants completed a battery of mental health inventories prior to the nationwide legalization of same-sex marriage. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) examining identity revealed sexual minority participants living in states where same-sex marriage was banned experienced significantly higher levels of internalized homonegativity than sexual minority participants living in states where same-sex marriage was legal, even after controlling for state-level political climate. Mental health ANCOVAs revealed sexual minority participants residing in states without same-sex marriage experienced greater anxiety and lower subjective wellbeing compared to sexual minority participants residing in states with same-sex marriage and heterosexual participants residing in states with or without same-sex marriage. Implications for public policy and future research directions are discussed.     

The Relationship Between Homosexuality,Internalized Homo-Negativity,and Mental Health in Men Who Have Sex with Men

ABSTRACT

Whether homosexuality or internalized homo-negativity is the critical variable affecting the mental health of men who have sex with men has long been debated. As part of a larger study, 422 Midwestern homosexual men completed questionnaires examining degree of homosexuality, internalized homo-negativity, and depression. Logistic regression modeling identified internalized homo-negativity, but not degree of homosexuality, as significantly associated with greater adjustment depression (OR?=?1.5), major depression (OR?=?2.6), dysthymia (OR?=?1.5), and likelihood of being in therapy (OR?=?1.4). Internalized homo-negativity was also negatively associated with overall sexual health, psychosexual maturation, comfort with sexual orientation, “outness,” and peer socialization. Internalized homo-negativity, not homosexuality, appears associated with negative health outcomes. Providers should promote sexual health and avoid interventions that reinforce internalized homo-negativity.     

Patterns of Mental Health Care Utilization Among Sexual Orientation Minority Groups

Prior studies of the utilization of mental health professionals by sexual minority populations have relied on data that are now dated or not nationally representative. These studies have also provided mixed findings regarding gender differences in the utilization of mental health professionals among sexual minority individuals. Using data from the 2013–2015 National Health Interview Surveys, this study investigates (1) how sexual minority individuals compare to heterosexual participants in their utilization of mental health professionals; and (2) gender differences in that utilization. The results indicate sexual minority individuals utilize mental health care professionals at higher rates than heterosexual individuals even after controlling for measures of mental health and other demographic characteristics; this is true for both men and women. However, gender moderates the sexual minority effect on utilization rates. Sexual minority men utilize mental health professionals at a high rate, such that their utilization rates are similar to sexual minority women, contrary to the gender gap seen among heterosexuals.     

Adult Materialism/Postmaterialism And Later Mental Health: The Role Of Self-Efficacy

This study used data from the British National Child Development Study (NCDS) to examine the relationship between materialism/postmaterialism and later mental health. Materialism/postmaterialism was assessed (using Inglehart’s 4-item index) at age 33 and mental health (measured by the GHQ-12) was assessed at age 42. It was found that after controlling for socio-economic status at birth, father and mother involvement in early childhood, parental family structure throughout childhood, psychological maladjustment in adolescence, educational attainment and contemporaneous factors (labour force participation, self-reported physical health, belonging to a religion, and being partnered) materialism was negatively related to ill mental health in men. The relationship between materialism and later mental health became insignificant, however, once self-efficacy was entered in the model, suggesting that materialism was positively associated with self-efficacy which was positively related to mental health. Postmaterialism was insignificantly related to mental health in both men and women.     

Physical and Mental Health Correlates of Self-Efficacy in Dementia Family Caregivers

This study examined whether self-efficacy for controlling upsetting caregiving thoughts would longitudinally predict mental and physical health as well as utilization of psychotropic medications in help-seeking dementia family caregivers (N = 53). Positive associations were found between self-efficacy and self-reported mental health and physical health subscales of the Short Form Health Questionnaire-12, and negative correlations were found between self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts about caregiving and the number of psychotropic medications being utilized both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. These results suggest that self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts may be a fruitful target area for further intervention research with dementia family caregivers.