西部地区少数民族大学生的文化融合意识与国家认同

西部地区少数民族大学生是中国少数民族成员中的一个重要群体。西部地区少数民族大学生自身发展的内在需要、国家政策的实施以及世界各地不同文化的交流交融,共同构成了西部少数民族大学生文化融合意识的逻辑起点。同时,西部少数民族大学生群体体现出地域性、民族性、多元性的基本文化特征。西部少数民族大学生的文化融合意识对国家认同建设发挥引领、促进、整合的功能作用。     

学科建设视野下的少数民族舞蹈文化教育传承探究

少数民族的舞蹈文化是我国少数民族劳动人们共同智慧的结晶,历史非常悠久,随着经济的发展、城市化进程的不断加快,很多少数民族文化随着时间的推移正渐渐消逝.为了实现民族多样化发展,现阶段,我们亟需加强少数民族文化的传承与弘扬,在教育传承少数民族舞蹈文化时,教育工作者应分层次、分角度进行,遵循少数民族文化的传承理念,结合实际情况,采取行之有效的措施去传承、弘扬少数民族舞蹈文化,实现民族文化多样性发展.本文重点探讨学科建设视野下少数民族舞蹈文化教育传承问题.     

高校少数民族毕业生就业问题及对策研究——以西南民族大学为例

大学生就业问题近年来成为社会各界关注的热点问题,少数民族大学毕业生的就业问题因其既具有共性,又带有特性,更应成为关注的焦点。本文基于对西南民族大学少数民族毕业生就业问题的调研,发现当前成都地区高校少数民族毕业生一定程度存在热衷大城市就业,沟通能力相对不足,从事工作与所学专业不对口,易受到不公对待等就业问题。究其原因,我们认为与少数民族大学毕业生的传统择业观、汉语水平、学校的专业设置以及用人单位的不当认识有关。为此,本文提出政府应加大对少数民族大学毕业生就业的关注程度;学校应提高少数民族大学生的综合素质;社会应创造公平公正的就业环境;少数民族大学生应提升自身能力、转变择业观念等相关对策建议。     

民族预科生心理健康状况与教育对策

民族预科教育是提高少数民族学生科学文化水平,促进文化认同和民族融合的重要举措,普通高校中相对特殊的教学阶段和形式。少数民族预科大学生相对而言可能承受更多的心理压力,在心理健康状况上表现出不同的特点。本项目通过对比研究,分析了少数民族预科大学生的心理发展特点,并提出有针对性的教育对策。     

广西少数民族大学生心理发展特点初探

由于民族历史及文化习俗的差异 ,导致少数民族大学生心理上的差异及其特有的心理特征。本文经过多年的调查 ,对来自广西各地少数民族低、中、高年级大学生的心理特征及发展变化情况进行分析     

学科建设视野下的少数民族舞蹈文化教育传承探究

少数民族的舞蹈文化是我国少数民族劳动人们共同智慧的结晶,历史非常悠久,随着经济的发展、城市化进程的不断加快,很多少数民族文化随着时间的推移正渐渐消逝。为了实现民族多样化发展,现阶段,我们亟需加强少数民族文化的传承与弘扬,在教育传承少数民族舞蹈文化时,教育工作者应分层次、分角度进行,遵循少数民族文化的传承理念,结合实际情况,采取行之有效的措施去传承、弘扬少数民族舞蹈文化,实现民族文化多样性发展。本文重点探讨学科建设视野下少数民族舞蹈文化教育传承问题。     

铸牢民族高校大学生中华民族共同体意识——基于文化纽带视角

中华文化源远流长、博大精深,是中华民族的灵魂和根基,也是中华民族成员联系的精神纽带。作为中华文化的重要组成部分,少数民族优秀文化中蕴含着丰富的思想资源:“天人合一”的哲学思想、各民族共同奋斗的历史进程、“和而不同、多元一体”的灿烂文化、厚德载物的价值观念和各民族共同创造的精神家园,这些优秀文化是各少数民族群体赖以生存、发展的灵魂和根基,也是中华文化保持旺盛生命力、强大凝聚力和伟大创造力的源泉。在民族高校思想政治理论课、校本课程、特色课及选修课和“课程思政”的教学中,充分挖掘和利用少数民族优秀文化资源有助于增强少数民族大学生中华文化认同与文化自信,提升多数民族大学生对少数民族优秀文化的认知和体验,促进少数民族和多数民族双向认同,在此基础上铸牢中华民族共同体意识。     

基于可持续发展理念的少数民族传统音乐文化传承策略探析

在我国的历史发展长河中,形成了多种多样的民族文化,各个民族在自己的民族底蕴中产生了丰富多彩的少数民族音乐。少数民族音乐记录了民族的发展史和神话故事,是少数民族文化传播的主要载体,对于我国形成多元的民族文化有着极其重要的作用。但是,由于全球化的到来,少数民族传统音乐的发展受到了冲击,要想继续传承我国的少数民族传统音乐,就需要坚持可持续发展理念。本文基于传统音乐的可持续发展理念,提出在该理念下少数民族音乐发展策略。     

少数民族大学生民族认同调查

探讨河北省廊坊市少数民族大学生民族认同水平,采用少数民族认同问卷对高校的256名少数民族大学生进行调查。结果表明:本民族社会认同及中华民族认同的得分均高于3.5分,对中华民族认同要高于对本民族的认同;大三学生在本民族文化认同和中华民族认同分量表及各个维度上均高于大一和大二的学生;居住在农村的少数民族大学生在本民族认同分问卷上得分显著高于城镇的。在中华民族科技、文化、教育等多方面的发展背景下,在高校的教育作用下,少数民族大学生的中华民族认同水平在提升。     

多元文化背景下家庭教育与少数民族文化传承问题

在多元文化并存的背景下,少数民族文化现代化成了民族文化传承的必然趋势,少数民族文化如何传承是个迫切需要解决的问题.学校教育、家庭教育和社会是民族文化传承的基本途径.其中,家庭作为民族文化的载体,通过家庭教育保存和传递民族文化,传播各民族的传统美德.家庭教育是延续和发展人类文明的一种传统手段.本文试从家庭教育中探寻在多元文化背景下少数民族文化的传承问题.     

基于心理应激理论的少数民族大学生就业研究

文章通过对广西5所高校的少数民族大学生就业情况进行调查分析,结果发现:少数民族大学生的就业心理应激源主要受到四个方面的影响,分别为社会因素、家庭因素、学校因素和个人因素;在相同的就业心理应激源上少数民族大学生与汉族大学生存在着差异.因此,对少数民族大学生进行就业指导时,应注意来自各方面的应激源,有针对性地进行指导.     

城市中少数民族的民族文化与迁移就业

本文通过调查研究少数民族在民族文化村和具有民族特色私营企业中的就业状况 ,指出少数民族迁移者因为自身民族文化在城市就业中具有一定的优势。他们不但是城市中的“就业迁移者” ,而且是城市中的“民族文化携带者”。从进入城市的角色看 ,他们不但是“就业移民” ,而且是“文化移民。”     

云南少数民族老年妇女经济保障的结构性脆弱——社会性别视角

I. The current situation of ethnic minority women’ s economic security One of the most prominent problems faced by the international community is how to ensure the e-conomic security of the elderly, and how to help those elderly people who have lost the ability to work to be properly cared for. According to Yang Shijie’s investigation, 75% of the poor population in Yunnan are ethnic minorities, and of this fig-ure, minority women are more impoverished than men. 1 . The poverty rate in Yunnan is a little bit higher than the national average poverty level. Although Yunnan’s economic indicators have made considerable progress, they have yet to reach the national average because of the province’s ho-mogenous industrial structure, low level of indus-trialization, and high proportion of resource indus-tries. The average wage of workers in Yunnan is only 85. 85% of the national average wage, and the poverty rate is higher than the national aver-age. 2 . There is a significant number of elderly women without pensions, and their poverty rate is high in Yunnan. Due to the dual urban-rural structure of the social and economic system, as well as the design issues related to the social pension security system connected with employment, the number of elderly women without pensions is quite significant in Chi-
na. In ethnic minority areas, only 24. 12% of peo-ple over the age of 60 have a pension, among them, the number of women is considerably lower than for men, accounting for only 10%. Elderly women from ethnic minorities are further excluded from the social pension security system. Only a small population of elderly ethnic women enjoy the benefits of the system, and their average monthly pension is significantly lower than that of the men. Compared with elderly men, elderly women rely more on other members of the family. 3 . The high rate of widowhood brings difficul-ties to the elderly. According to a sampling survey of 10% of the national population in 2010 , the widower ratio is 29. 55%, and widow ratio is 70. 45% among eth-nic minorities aged over 60 . Ethnic minority women devote more energy to unpaid housework in their youth and middle age, and their chances of finding employment are low. This means they normally de-pend on their spouse when they become old, how-ever, the loss of their spouse makes them even poorer, and increases their risk of falling into pov-erty. 4 . The ethnic minority women ’s property rights are difficult to be protected. Because of the influence of outmoded feudal i-deas in the ethnic minority villages, women gener-ally have no right to inherit property. For example, among the Pumi, property is inherited by the men, and women generally have no right to inherit. The
case is the same with the Naxi ethnicity. In the in-heritance systems of the ethnic minority people in Yunnan, wives rarely have the right of inherit-ance;the custom of“passing property to the men, but not the women” is still quite prevalent. If the husband dies, the wife will not only find it difficult to inherit her husband’s property, but may also lose her own property, including land rights. This leads to a low rate of property ownership among widows. II. Analysis of the causes of vulnerability of the gender structure 1 . Cultural lag American sociologist W. F. Ogburn was the first to use this concept, which refers to the time lag between material culture and non - material culture in the course of social change. Generally speaking, change in material culture occurs faster than in non -material culture, and they are not synchronized, so there is a gap between them. Ethnic minority women in Yunnan have been af-fected by the patrilineal system up to the present day, which influences the thought and behavior of all ethnic groups, and gradually builds a psycho-logical barrier in the ethnic women’ s minds, con-straining their talent and creativity. Yunnan is lo-cated in China’s southwest frontier region, and the ethnic minorities live in remote and isolated moun-tainous areas, where the concept of the low status of women is ingrained, and thus not easily changed. 2 . The cumulative effect of education and em-ployment Compared with boys, there are different edu-cational expectations on or investments in the girls in the social culture, which brings disadvantages to women looking for employment of in their youth and middle age. Because they can generally only involve themselves in housework, it is not possible for them to accumulate employment experiences, and this leads to a negative economic status when they become old. 1) Low level of education. Due to the tradi-tional influence of “valuing sons over daughters”,
the number of ethnic minority women who have not attended school is significantly higher than that of men; the number of ethnic minority women who have never received an education is more than twice as high as the number of men. The phenome-non of early marriage and childbearing in ethnic minority areas is still prominent. Due to the influ-ence of early marriage culture, the girls do not generally wish to receive a higher education. Addi-tionally, because of the development of tourism, girls tend to drop out of school very early and in-volve themselves in business or becoming tour guides. All these factors lead to ethnic minority women’s lower level of education. Because they do not receive a higher, or even elementary educa-tion, women’s lives are concentrated around the family and housework. 2 ) Devotion to housework. The elderly ethnic minority women not only have to take part in agri-cultural production, but they also have to take care of the “left-behind” children whose parents have left to work in urban areas. For instance, De’ang women play an important role in family, social and economic activities; they have to bear the load of heavy housework every day, including carrying wa-ter, collecting firewood, cooking, feeding pigs, cattle and children, weaving, washing clothes and farming. The Bulang women, together with the men, have created the ancient Bulang culture, and women play the role of “main tentpole” in the housework and farming. According to our investi-gations of the Yi in Chuxiong of Yunnan province, Yi women spend on average over six hours each day on housework, and most men almost never par-ticipate in housework. 3 ) Unemployment or low paid occupation. Ethnic minority women’s degree of participation in social labor is low, however, their housework du-ties are taken for granted, and not recognized by the wider society, so their labor value is underesti-mated, even ignored. Due to their low level of ed-ucation and contribution to unpaid housework, a lot of ethnic minority women are unemployed. E-
ven though a small number of them are in employ-ment, their jobs are concentrated in the low in-come industries, and few of them are supported by social insurance. 3 . Traditional gender roles in the division of labor Because of the traditional gender roles in the division of labor, the social expectations for the women’s role is still family-centered. This means women have to bear a lot of housework duties and child rearing responsibilities. Due to women’s spe-cial physiological characteristics, women have a double burden: the responsibility of human pro-duction and social production. However, under the influence of gender inequality, women who have made great contributions to the development of so-ciety and humanity have been subjected to unfair treatment. Their contribution is regarded as a bur-den unique to women or indeed the women’s natu-ral weakness, and can even become a discrimina-tory factor in employment and promotion—this is a great injustice to women. In summary, it seems that the structure of the fragility of elderly ethnic minority women is a sim-ply an issue of sex difference, but it essentially re-flects the social system and conceptual culture of“valuing sons over daughters” which is ingrained in the minority areas, and is an issue of gender in-equality. III. Countermeasures and suggestions The elderly ethnic minority women are a spe-cial group in China’s aging population. This group shows a structural vulnerability due to such as in-fluences of ethnicity and regional location, eco-nomic conditions, educational level, marital sta-tus. From the perspective of social gender, this paper studies the economic security status of ethnic aged women, analyzes the problems of economic security for this group, and puts forward some poli-cy recommendations for improving the economic se-curity situation of the elderly women in ethnic mi-nority areas. 1 . The state should increase investment in tye economic development of ethnic minority areas in order to provide more jobs and solve the problem of employment of women. Economic development in the minority areas could provide adequate economic security to improve the living conditions of the eld-erly women in those areas. 2 . The concept of gender equality needs to be strengthened. Women should enjoy equal rights in education, and equal employment opportunities as men, as well as equal rights in the husband-wife relationship. In addition, we cannot simply take each gender as exactlythe same, but should under-stand the psychological and physiological difference between men and woman, and pursue gender e-quality in terms of society, personality, opportuni-ties, and rights. 3 . National policy should afford some recogni-tion to women and their capacity for childbirth. Due to physiological factors, women have to take the responsibility of childbirth and feeding the child, however, they also have to work . Women’s contributions to the family will inevitably lead to their inferior position in terms of social professional competition. Therefore, when policies are drawn up, the physiological characteristics of men and women should be considered, moreover, gender awareness and gender equality should be a part of various policies. 4 . Policies should protect women’s employ-ment rights, and ethnic minority areas should en-courage women to go out to work. The state should make policies to protect women’s employment rights, solve the problem of sexual discrimination which might exist in the workplace, and create e-qual employment opportunities so as to reduce the probability of elderly women from ethnic minority areas becoming impoverished . 5 . Improve the urban and rural pension sys-tem, and improve women’s pension insurance cov-erage rate.     

浅谈内地高校新疆籍少数民族学生的适应性问题

内地高校新疆籍少数民族学生教育、管理工作是相关高校思想政治教育工作的重要组织部分,是培养多民族国家社会主义建设者和接班人的需要。新疆籍少数民族学生进入内地高校以后,在生活习俗、学习活动、人际交往和个人发展等方面均可能产生不适应,因此,相关高校应从加强民族团结教育、弘扬民族文化、开展学习帮扶和加大心理健康教育等方面入手,服务他们的全面成长和健康成才。     

伦理传承与法治推进：共同体理念下民族地区和谐劳动关系的双重保障

民族地区劳动关系的和谐发展是中华民族共同体建设的重要内容,二者在经济、文化和社会等方面密切相关。民族地区的市场性、区域性与传承性,使得其劳动关系的和谐发展需要经济伦理和法治机制双重保障。经济伦理是经济活动传承性的写照,从内部支持和保障民族地区劳动关系的和谐发展,法治则是其外部保障。在中华民族共同体理念下,唯有重视伦理传承与法治推进双重保障的互补与统一,才能有效构建民族地区和谐劳动关系。     

回族大学生的心理健康状况与文化背景探析

回族大学生心理特点的探讨及心理健康水平的提高 ,是民族高等教育研究的重要课题。本文从民族文化的视角 ,分析了回族大学生的心理特点及文化背景 ,指出回族大学生心理健康状况良好的根源在于成熟的民族心理和文化理念 ,强调在回族大学生的心理咨询中 ,必须重视文化因素 ,发扬回族文化中的积极观念 ,促进回族大学生健康成才。     

少数民族大学生心理问题研究

随着少数民族大学生的入校,各民族之间的接触、文化上的碰撞、心理上的冲突将不可避免。为了使少数民族大学生对自己的心理结构作适当调适,以较快适应大学学习生活,我们有必要对少数民族大学生面临的心理矛盾与冲突进行分析研究,以期对其发展的现实性问题作理论与实践的探讨。     

少数民族预科生自主学习英语能力的培养

本文通过对自主学习理论的分析,结合少数民族预科生学习英语的特点,论述了对少数民族预科生自主学习英语能力的培养策略。     

Black Women Social Workers in the Great Depression: A Test of Sheltered Labor Market Theory

Sheltered labor market theory proposes that, under favorable public-sector policies, members of an outcast minority group can find relief from discrimination by performing an occupation that delivers social welfare services to a co-ethnic clientele that the majority group seeks to avoid. The present study tests this proposition, examining black women’s employment in social work during the Great Depression. Regression analyses of census data support the theory, suggesting that black women had a sheltered labor market in the social work profession in the North, where official non-discrimination policies in New Deal job creation programs were more scrupulously enforced than in the South. In northern cities, black women’s employment in social work is positively associated with black–white residential segregation as well as with blacks’ employment in public emergency work projects (e.g., the WPA). Thus, consistent with sheltered labor market theory, a minority group’s representation in a social welfare delivery occupation is enhanced by both public-sector economic intervention and the minority’s social and spatial distance from the majority.