Postcolonial guilt and national identity: historical injustice and the Australian settler state

In nations with a record of historical injustice, guilt about the past is deeply implicated in both efforts towards reconciliation and the construction of national identity. This is as true in notionally postcolonial nations, where past injustice is often denied or avoided, as it is in situations where conflict and injustice have been more recent, overt or visible to the rest of the world. Taking the Australian case as an example, this article considers the dimensions of historical collective guilt, and explores the implications of that guilt for contemporary national identity in postcolonial nations. It argues that until a nation is able to deal with social psychological barriers to addressing historical injustice, it is likely to construct and maintain a narrow and defensive form of nationalism.     

从地缘安全角度理解中国的民族与跨界民族

对民族和跨界民族问题已经有了大量的卓有成效的研究,但是,从地缘安全角度重新诠释中国的民族和跨界民族,却是在新形势下对中国跨界民族和地缘安全关系的理论尝试,因此,文章对民族、跨界民族和族群等以往的认识进行了批判,力图在确立新的范畴中构建跨界民族与中国地缘安全的理论体系。     

全球化与民族关系研究

我们思考当今世界各国的民族关系,很难脱离全球化这个宏观历史背景。今天我们研究一国内部的民族关系时,已不可能忽视境外政治、经济、文化、宗教因素对该国民族关系的影响。面对全球化浪潮中西方政治理念、经济制度与意识形态在其他国家的扩散,各国的传统制度和文化将必然会受到很大的冲击,各国对外来文化也势必出现反弹,以提倡本国传统的"复兴"来与外来文化相抗衡。因此全球化与各国的本土化实际上是两个并行的潮流。全球化的扩散是不可抗拒的,本土化的反弹是不可避免的。我们在思考中国民族问题时,应借鉴中国历史和其他国家在处理民族关系方面的经验。     

阿拉伯-伊斯兰丈化的形成及其对世界文化的影响

阿拉伯—伊斯兰文化是当今世界的重要文化系统之一,它是阿拉伯民族和其它信仰伊斯兰教的各民族人民共同创造的文化结晶。阿拉伯—伊斯兰文化对世界文化尤其是欧洲文化的形成和发展产生过重要作用,对于东方文化包括中国文化都产生过深远影响,在世界思想史和文化史上占有极为重要的地位。     

历史上河湟地区回族与撤拉族的社会交往

河湟地区的回族和撒拉族的社会交往比较独特,两个民族由于都信仰伊斯兰教,因而在生活习俗、心理文化等方面有着太多的相似.但是,回族和撒拉族毕竟是两个不同的民族,有着各自鲜明的民族文化特色,而且在族源和民族形成过程以及语言文化、心理素质等方面有着很大的不同.     

(Dis)locating nations in the World Cup: football fandom and the global geopolitics of affect

The World Cup, as a tournament that pits national teams against one another, initially seems to be a site where support for sports is tied to nations. However, situating this sporting event at the intersection of discourses of globalization, transnational circulation of capital and populations, and theories of fandom, our examination of diasporic populations found that the choice is not a simple one between ‘origin nation’ and ‘residence nation.’ Instead, the decision of which team to support relies much more on an attenuated, complex notion that we call transnational affinity. We examine this concept in relation to the context of transnational flow of players, media, spectators, and capital, contending that locating nations or national preference in the World Cup requires understanding the contemporary de- or trans-nationalization of not only sports but identity itself beyond the binary of national and global.     

Northern Ireland 1968–2008. The politics of entrenchment

The aim of this article is to propose and apply a conceptual model to evaluate how national identity, state interests and territory, including both state territory and national homeland, may be interwoven in a particular conflict. The frozen conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in the south Caucasus, the selected case study, appears to defy resolution efforts based on an assessment of self-determination of nations or on territorial integrity of the state. The article begins with the view that one-dimensional conceptions of ‘state’ and ‘nation’ are insufficient for understanding complex relations underlying territorial conflict. It is suggested that a more comprehensive understanding may be obtained and applied toward conflict resolution through a consideration of multiple scales and dimensions of activity in a particular conflict. The article focuses not only on the roles of states and nations, but also considers the meanings of territory and, most importantly, contributing factors to a sufficient capacity to compromise.     

The athlete as model minority subject: Jose Bautista and Canadian multiculturalism

The discourse of multiculturalism disguises complicated racial dynamics in nations such as Canada. Although white privilege persists, it tends to be mediated through non-white figures who can engender consent from other minority members. These figures have been called model minorities, a role that is well-tailored to celebrated athletes. Athletes who fill the role of model minority represent the ideal immigrant citizen: English-speaking, middle class/bourgeois, disciplined, and hard-working. As such, they serve a disciplinary function for other immigrants by demonstrating how it is they should act and producing a standard against which they are evaluated. The model minority has become a crucial representational figure for multicultural nations like Canada because the political economy of these states requires cheap labour that can be hyper-exploited through the dehumanization of racialization. Drawing on articles in Toronto's most prominent newspapers, I argue that Toronto Blue Jays baseball star Jose Bautista has recently assumed the status of a model minority. I elaborate the functions of the model minority through a reading of Bautista's representation.     

Development Mobilities: Identity and Authority in an Angolan Development Programme

This ethnographic essay considers how international non-governmental organisations are able to make claims to authoritative knowledge about development work by offering the transnational mobilities of their staff members as evidence. I examine how one professional's biography—his trajectory from Angola to Britain and back again—was differentially presented to external donors and internal staff members as befitting the institutional needs of an international good governance intervention in Angola. These presentations reflect a commoditisation of the cosmopolitanism of professionals' histories in the service of development as a regime of mobility. I argue that, in this development regime, a global hierarchy prevents some individual professionals, particularly those from developing nations, from realising the same benefits of their cosmopolitan mobility as professionals from industrialised nations. While one of mobility studies' many strengths is that it highlights global interconnectedness, social scientists should not read equality in these interconnections but examine how patterns of transnational mobility may produce and reproduce global structures of inequality.     

Statelessness in a world of nation-states: the cases of Kurdish diasporas in Sweden and the UK

Mass displacement in the Middle East is a major political challenge for contemporary Middle Eastern and Western states. As a consequence, statelessness has emerged as one of the central political issues in relation to the collapse and weakening of the states in the Middle East. Through deploying a qualitative inquiry and interviews with 50 Kurdish immigrants, this article investigates how members of Kurdish diasporas in Sweden and the UK conceive and experience statelessness in a world of unequal nation-states and hierarchical citizenship. Since diasporas are important non-state actors in nation-building processes, it is important to analyse their diasporic visions and the ways they challenge or reinforce the power of the nation-state in the context of migration. While from a legal or a right-based approach, the solution to statelessness is found in acquisition of a nationality/citizenship, I posit that in a world structured by the political normativity of the nation-state, nations without states will continue to be in search of national self-determination, political autonomy and sovereignty in the international comity of sovereign nations.     

The Turkish Connection: Neo-Ottoman Influence in Post-Dayton Bosnia

Bosnia has been defined by its perpetual state of transition—politically, culturally, and socially—since it seceded from Yugoslavia in 1992. The country's Balkan geography renders it both East and West, and its cultural affinities straddle the two poles as well. Hence, the country is in perpetual liminality, tugged by the influences of both Western and Eastern nations and organizations. This has particularly been true for the Bosniak population, a group that has received support from various Muslim-majority nations and organizations. Prominent among those influences is Turkey, which resonates with Bosniaks because their history and identity are intertwined with the Turkish Ottoman past. The emergence of Neo-Ottomanism links Bosnia to Turkey's past and future; this phenomenon is paving the way for a Bosnia that is increasingly being defined by its slight Muslim-majority population and culture. In “The Turkish Connection: Neo-Ottoman Influence in Post-Dayton Bosnia,” I situate contemporary Bosnian cultural products, including film and literature, as responses or interactions with Neo-Ottoman modes that seek to (re)imagine the Balkans and specifically Bosnia, through the lens of the “golden age” of sixteenth-century Ottoman Empire.     

中国民族团结的"金秀经验"——兼谈广西"金秀经验"对中华民族认同建构的启示

金秀的民族关系在南方民族地区具有典型性,对研究中国的民族团结具有积极意义.金秀在推进民族团结进步事业的实践中,形成了以政治平等保障民族团结、以经济发展促进民族团结、以文化繁荣培育民族团结、以社会和谐巩固民族团结四条基本经验.金秀瑶族从多元走向一体过程是中华民族从多元走向一体过程的一个缩影,"金秀经验"对新世纪新阶段中华民族认同建构具有重要启示.     

论新式回族教育文化运动的蓬勃发展

回族散居全国各地,长期以来不仅与其他兄弟民族间友好相处,而且在经济、文化、地缘等方面亦保持着密切的联系。作为中华大家庭的一员,回回民族历经上下千百年,更是在不断地反对民族压迫和抗击外强入侵的斗争中,谋求生存,获得发展。新式回族文化教育运动印证这一点,在关乎国家和民族前途与命运的关键时期,展现出回回民族团结抗争、开拓进取、勇往直前、共赴国难的精神气魄和不屈不挠的热血本色。     

汉俄成语中的民族文化差异

世界上任何语言都根植于特定的民族文化背景之中,反映着特定的文化内容.语言是文化的载体,也是民族文化的镜子;成语是语言的重要组成部分,具有很强的民族性,是民族历史的映射.汉语和俄语成语作为语言的基本要素,可以折射出两个民族特有的文化差异.     

The Finnish national identity and the sacrificial male body: war,postmemory and resistance

The article examines through the works of the Finnish artist Seppo Salminen how the nation takes a hold on the male body. It is demonstrated that art can offer a critical relationship to the constitutive elements of the nation. Art is read as a form of postmemory that deals with the nation and its trauma of war. The article forms a critique of the essentialist understandings of nationhood that seek to define and naturalize nations by means of the supposedly homogenous, holistic and historically continuous understandings of tradition, including the nation's history.     

史诗《玛纳斯》域内翻译传播研究

史诗《玛纳斯》属于口头文学,其传播方式有两种:口头传播与文本传播。由于口头传播范围有限,文本传播成为史诗流播范围得以扩大的重要途径。论文探讨史诗《玛纳斯》口头传播局限以及文本传播成因,从史诗的搜集、记录、整理、出版、翻译等方面评述域内史诗文本传播的发生、发展过程,指出对于"活形态"史诗来说,口头传播是其根本特征,但如果缺少文本传播这种方式,史诗很难形成跨民族、跨地区、跨国界传播态势,这对于《玛纳斯》史诗的"世界化"无疑是一种损失和缺憾。     

一代天骄成吉思汗是蒙古族的民族英雄

成吉思汗原名铁木真,是闻名古今中外的著名历史人物,是蒙古汗国的缔造者,蒙古民族的民族英雄。他统一了蒙古高原诸部,结束了蒙古各部纷争战乱的局面,创建了一整套政治、军事和文化制度,为蒙古社会的发展作出了重要贡献。他还适时地发动了攻金、西征和灭西夏的战争,有的带有扩张性质,有的则具有统一意义,虽曾一度带来一些破坏作用,但是攻金、灭西辽、灭西夏却为元朝大统一奠下基石。西征中亚、西亚和欧洲,虽带有对外征服和扩张性质,给各国人民曾带来灾难和破坏。但对促进东西方的交通和各国各民族间的经济文化交流,具有一定的世界意义。总体说来,一代天骄成吉思汗无愧是蒙古民族的英雄,而且对全中国历史的发展起过重要作用。     

文化适应:理论及测量与研究方法

在全球化的背景下,各个国家之间和各个民族之间在文化交往、融合过程中产生的文化冲突和文化适应问题日益突出,主流文化背景下的少数民族或弱势群体,其文化适应和认同问题尤为凸显。研究者从不同的视角界定文化适应的概念和结构,提出了各自的文化适应理论和测量方法,但在概念界定、测量的理论框架等方面依然存在诸多问题。文章认为,从文化背景和现实问题出发,整合不同学科的概念、理论和方法,将量化研究和质化研究两大研究范式结合起来,重视文化适应的纵向研究和应用研究,是今后可能的研究取向。     

关于民间传统文化研究的随想

通过诸神诞生和植物信仰等实例,说明民间传统文化事象在各民族间的共通性、共同性和相异性;认为民间文化研究的重要任务之一在于探寻民间文化事象的本质性的民族内涵,同时强调在探索其历史形成和历史发展的过程中,要特别顾及到这些传统文化事象的价值层面,也即这些文化事象与其主体——广大人民群众的关系,并且要特别关注这些民间文化传统事象的现实性和现在性。     

Gendered Islamophobia: hate crime against Muslim women

Post 9/11, most western nations have seen dramatic increases in bias motivated violence against Muslims and those perceived to be Muslim. Predicated on the long-lived vilification of Muslims by the media and the state, such violence is a reactionary reminder of Muslims' outsider status. Interestingly, little attention has been paid to the particular vulnerability of women and girls to anti-Muslim hate crime. This paper begins such a dialogue.