孟子仁政思想初探

“仁政”是孟子学说的一个重要组成部分 ,也是他的政治理想。“民为本”是仁政学说的核心 ,制民之产、薄其税敛、以身行道、宽猛相济、与民同乐、选贤举能、礼治德教等不仅是仁政说的思想内涵 ,也是实施仁政理想的具体措施。孟子的仁政学说 ,对于今天社会主义民主政治建设和道德建设 ,仍然具有重要的借鉴价值。     

先秦儒家政治思想及其当代文化价值——先秦儒家文化与精神文明建设研究之十一

先秦儒家以“仁”为本的政治思想 ,其核心是为政者自身具有极高的道德修养 ,并且推己及人 ,以仁爱之心对待百姓 ,再加上外在“礼”的约束 ,使社会各等级各司其职 ,井然有序 ,百姓安居乐业 ,从而实现自身长治久安的统治。这种“君轻民贵”、推行仁政的思想在今天仍具有一定的现实意义     

减负 赏款 赐爵——古代养老是这样的

中国古典社会有丰富的尊老、养老思想和比较完备的养老制度。宋朝张九成曾说:"孟子开口必说‘仁政’.而所以为‘仁政’者,必先养老。"汉武帝建元元年(公元前140年)"春二月,赦天下,赐民爵一级。年八十复二算,九十复甲卒。"证明汉代的尊老落实在了政府赋役减免的实际行动中。北魏明元帝神瑞二年(公元415年)六月"丁卯,幸赤城,亲见长老,问民疾苦,复租一年。"可见免除老年人子孙的徭役负担是国家资助百姓养老的最普遍措施。宋朝真宗天禧元年     

民以“实”为天

一句“民以食为天”家门户晓，此乃民众对物质的需求而言的。若从民魂、国魂塑适而言，应该说：民以“实”为天。“实”者，忠诚老实、勤劳踏实、凶俭朴实，这是中国人民一贯崇尚并始终保持的优秀品质。对于老百姓来说，“实”与“食”同样是至关重要的。一个国家乃至一个地方，大兴求真务实之风，系民之福；吹牛浮夸之风甚行，乃民之祸。办一切事情以“人民拥护不拥护、人民赞成不赞成、人民高兴不高兴、人民答应不答应”为出发点，就是实践民以“实”为天，并因此顺民心、合民意、得民助；后之，脱离实际，就会噩生民心，最终导效脱离群班…     

从心开始:中国与东南亚南亚国家民心相通的对策思路

"国之交在于民相亲,民相亲在于心相通."民心相通的目的在于"通",关键在于"心",基础在于"民",途径在于"相";"民"心"相"通"四个字既构成了民心相通的内在逻辑关系,也揭示了民心相通的基本运行规律;民心向背既是实现中国与东南亚南亚国家民心相通的决定因素,也是实现其民心相通目的的前提基础.中国与东南亚南亚国家的民心相通虽然具备一定的地缘、族缘、人缘、文缘、商缘优势,但由于受战略互信、领土争端、政局动荡、投资保护、大国干预、宗教问题、旅游交往等多种因素的影响,也面临一些严峻挑战.实现中国与东南亚南亚国家的民心相通需要从心开始,通过政府、文化、经济、旅游、制度等路径选择,运用交心、动心、凝心、化心、合心等实践策略,才能取得良好的民心相通效果.     

先秦民本思想的治理意蕴与实践逻辑

先秦民本思想具有丰富的治理意蕴,在治政意识方面,强调民意重于神旨,主张先民后神,民为神主。在治政理念方面,强调勤政恤民,主张尽心于民,勤政无逸,倡导以民为监,顺乎民心,规谏统治者要爱民如子,体恤民情,禁止虐民。在治政方式方面,强调德法共治,为政以德,节用爱人。在治政价值上,强调民为邦本,民为君本,民贵君轻。在治政方略方面,强调行王道施仁政。     

沈家本思想核心及其中西法文化融会点

一、沈家本思想核心沈家本一生治律,同时“从事经史考证之书”,兼治经史,融经史于律。法律学识之渊博,中国法律史上鲜有能与匹敌者。翻开他的著述,举凡法律所及的方方面面,无不为其所考论。对这样的融合中西法学大家,如果不把握他的思想基点(或思想核心),就很难对他的整体思想和历史作用作出正确的评估。沈家本思想的核心是什么呢? 通观他的全部理论和实践,他的思想核心就是儒家仁政和西方资产阶级人道主义。在中国历史上,儒家学派的创始人孔子是“仁”的首创者,“仁”是孔子思想的核心。“仁政”是“仁”的滥觞,由孔子的继承者孟子创立并系统化。“仁政”“仁学”是儒家所代表的中国传统文化。由于孔子纳“仁”入“礼”,秦汉以后,封建统治者又一步步“纳礼入律”。因此,中国封建法律包容了孔子以     

中国梦与民族文化及其凝聚力

支撑"中国梦"有诸多因素,本文强调的是强大而精深的民族文化内涵,中华民族文化源远流长,博大精深,具有强大的生命力和无限的创造力,紧紧凝聚成一股无形的精神力量,是我们民族长期以来生存、生活、发展、强盛的核心基因和灵魂,这是强力推进"中国梦"激情绽放的思想理论先导和内在精神动力。     

试析满族歌谣的流变及表现形式

满族歌谣是满族民间文学的重要组成部分,是满族及其先人的口头诗歌创作。它以丰富的思想内容、独特的艺术风格、浓郁的民族特色在满族人民中世代流传。因此,我们可以通过满族歌谣的流变及其表现形式走近这个民族,对其做近距离的关照并与其对话。     

民族和谐视阈下整合意识形态的新视角——国家认同建构

民族和谐是社会主义和谐社会的重要内容之一。当前,民族不和谐因素依然存在,整合意识形态的必要性凸显。只有加强意识形态的整合,才能统一思想,凝聚共识,促进民族和谐与国家统一。而正确处理民族认同和国家认同关系、强化公民教育、树立主动公民价值观为发展路向,探讨巩固社会主义意识形态的方式方法是当代国家认同的新视角。     

北京将率先进入休闲经济时代

休闲经济是建立在休闲的大众化基础之上 ,由休闲消费需求和休闲产品供给构筑的经济。休闲产业的发展有利于国民经济的全面发展 ,有利于国家竞争力的增强 ,也有利于国民生活质量和人力资本水平的提高。北京在生产、消费以及居民的时间分配等方面 ,已经显现出休闲经济特征 ,作为国际化大都市 ,将率先进入休闲经济时代。     

明清江南运河城市坊刊通俗小说的特点

明万历后，江南运河城市取代福建建阳成为全国的坊刻中心与通俗小说刊刻中心，所刻通俗小说从数量到质量，从形式到内容都较建阳时期有了很大的发展，透露出通俗小说发展的新的信息。从外在刊刻特点来看，江南运河城市书坊注重版刻质量，提高了通俗小说刻本的外在观赏性；刊刻通俗小说的书坊多与文人合作，多文人型书坊主，很多家刻转变为坊刻，家刻与坊刻合流，提高了坊刻小说的整体水平。从通俗小说自身的特点而论，江南运河城市坊刻的通俗小说流派众多，类型更趋多样化，极大地丰富和繁荣了通俗小说的表现领域与题材样式，通俗小说在创作自主性、内容题材、艺术水平上都透露出了新的信息，整体呈现出文人化的特征。     

The Timing of Presidential Cinema*

Objective. Researchers have examined the social meaning of political cinema; however, little research places film into its contemporary political and economic context. Therefore, I examine the timing of the production and release of presidential cinema. Methods. The data are comprised of major motion picture releases from the years 1953–2004 that include a U.S. president as a character. Regression analysis is used to determine how the temporal release of movies featuring a president corresponds to social realities. Results. I find that the release of presidential cinema is correlated with the party that controls the actual White House and with the number of consecutive terms that the same party has been in the White House. More films with presidents are released during Democratic administrations than during Republican administrations and more films with presidents are released during first rather than second terms. This appears more acute during presidential election years. The state of the national economy affects the release of presidential cinema as well. Strong economies lead to the release of more films with presidents. Conclusions. This suggests that popular film content is affected not only by filmmaker whim and creativity, but also by measurable contemporary political and economic conditions. Future studies investigating film content should account for how national trends affect popular entertainment.     

Disneyland and Walt Disney World: Traditional Values in Futuristic Form

The Disney parks—Disneyland in California and Walt Disney World in Florida—presented a radical refinement and departure from the traditions of the amusement park: the theme park. Designed for the values of long distance travel, suburban lifestyle, family life, the major vacation excursion, and the new visual culture of telecommunications, these places have grown to attain the status of national popular culture capitals. Because of their importance to American life, these institutions have suffered more than their share of attacks as key symbols ofpopular culture. Like all such targets of elitist ire (led by such accusations as “plastic” and “mindless”), the Disney parks must be experienced carefully and studied closely to see beyond these simplistic slings and arrows. Emerging from this study was a contention directly opposed to the common wisdom of the theme parks' futuristic and artificial nature: they may in fact serve as cultural preserves for the most nostalgic images and dreams of a nation. They are a very special kind of museum, of course—of past and future not as they were or will be but as popular taste has shaped and nurtured them in the collective imagination. The Disney “archive” of Americana is thus highly valuable as a display of popular thought on every featured theme.     

Baseball in Cuba

While futbol (soccer) has long been the favorite sport in most of Latin America, baseball holds sway in the circum-Caribbean region in countries such as Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, the Dominican Republic and Cuba. It is perhaps surprising that revolutionary Cuba, with its strong anti-American foreign policy, should continue to hold dear this sport that was born and nurtured in the United States. Yet Fidel Castro himself, who regularly issues anti-Yankee attacks, is also proud of demonstrating his skill with the bat andglove. Eric Wagner gives us a valuable overview of the development of baseball on the island, Cuba's singular success in international competition and the game's role in contemporary Cuba. With this background and analysis, it is easy to see why the revolutionary government has not tampered with a sport that is so firmly rooted as a popular national pastime. Regarding baseball in Cuba after 1959, Wagner discusses how it has become an integral part of the new social system in factories, villages, towns, urban neighborhoods and schools. Competition is fierce on both the local and national levels because of its wide appeal among the popular classes, who brought baseball with them when they assumed power in 1959. It is likely to continue to play an essential role in the country's socioeconomic integration.     

Patterns of Cocaine Use in Australia, 1985–88

Cocaine has been seen as a potential social and health threat to Australia, a role it already occupies in the United States. However, the results of two national population surveys, collected in 1985 and 1988, cast doubt on this interpretation. Contrary to popular perception, they show that the proportion who report having tried cocaine has declined, not increased. There has also been a decline in the proportion who say that they would try cocaine if it was offered by a friend. While some groups are at higher risk from cocaine in 1988 than in 1985, notably women aged in their late twenties and thirties, the overall pattern is of a decline in the high risk categories. Moreover, cocaine remains a drug of the better-educated young in Australia, not the under-privileged, as in the United States. Some tentative explanations for why cocaine has not become more popular, focusing on its image, Australia's social structure, and availability and cost factors associated with cocaine, are discussed.     

两宋科举与文学教育

宋代的教育,可以说是围绕着科举考试的教育,而宋代的科举考试,又是对宋代教育的考察和检验。科举与教育,在宋代重文抑武的国策和社会风气中展开,而文学教育就在＂人文性＂极强的科举制度下普及到宋代社会的各个层面。     

海权论的传入和晚清海权思想

马汉的海权论在世界各国传播的同时,也经日本传到了中国。马汉海权论的传入,在中国国内产生了两方面的积极作用。一是扩大了海权论在中国民众中的影响。受海权论的影响,中国民众对海军在国防和经济中的重要作用有了深刻的认识。二是促使中国人产生了初步的海权思想。但是由于四个方面的原因,晚清政府并没有将海权论用于指导海军建设,国内高涨的革命形势令国人应接不暇,人们对海权论的热情很快就被政治改革的热情所替代,以致后来人们连海权论传入中国这一事实本身也被遗忘。所以,晚清海权思想并不成熟。     

清末民初上海石印鼓词小说文化现象透视

清末民初发生在上海的石印鼓词小说文化现象是近代以来中国俗文学文化传播转型的一场重要文化事件。这不仅使原本传统的雕版印刷工艺转型为西方先进的石版印刷工艺,而且将原本书坊出版的木刻鼓词小说的局域范畴销售传播模式转化为全国性的网络辐射化销售传播模式,这是一场将传统传播的手段、范围、速度、受众、目的全面转型为近代传播的文化革命,对于当时俗文学作品及其观念在全国范围的阅读传播、尤其是江南地区的阅读传播,起到了引领作用。大批上海的中小书局则是这场文化革命的受益者,不仅维持了他们的商业生存,也促成了近现代时期多达五十年俗文学鼓词小说印刷市场的发展与繁荣。西方科技与中国传统印刷技术的前后相继,以及与中国传统文化的有机结合,则是促成这场俗文学文化革命的根本原因。     

The Burden of Success: Futebol and Brazilian Society through the 1970s

Futebol, Brazil's national sport-best-known to American audiences through the brilliant play o f Pelé one of its superstars-is more than simple mass entertainment. Robert Levine traces the evolution of the trends in the history of Brazilian soccer to explain what may be behind the current unprecedented dissatisfaction with the sport. Beginning with the 189Os, he illustrates how futebol is a barometer by which national pride, exuberance, frustration, rage, and hope may be measured. He shows that as the game changed from an activity restricted to the upperclass to a popular form of entertainment with a mass audience, it became a means used by the government in the 1930s and 1940s to foster national integration. More recently, it has been used by an unpopular military regime to bolster its popularity. In the second part of his study, Levine focuses on Pelé who reintroduced an appreciation of individualistic skills to the game and loaned his mass popularity to the military regime. In short, the author makes a convincing case on how the sport of futebol has been used as a political weapon.