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Osvaldo Loquiha Niel Hens Emilia Martins-Fonteyn Herman Meulemans Edwin Wouters Marleen Temmerman 《Journal of applied statistics》2018,45(10):1781-1798
Two types of bivariate models for categorical response variables are introduced to deal with special categories such as ‘unsure’ or ‘unknown’ in combination with other ordinal categories, while taking additional hierarchical data structures into account. The latter is achieved by the use of different covariance structures for a trivariate random effect. The models are applied to data from the INSIDA survey, where interest goes to the effect of covariates on the association between HIV risk perception (quadrinomial with an ‘unknown risk’ category) and HIV infection status (binary). The final model combines continuation-ratio with cumulative link logits for the risk perception, together with partly correlated and partly shared trivariate random effects for the household level. The results indicate that only age has a significant effect on the association between HIV risk perception and infection status. The proposed models may be useful in various fields of application such as social and biomedical sciences, epidemiology and public health. 相似文献
3.
This paper discusses a novel strategy for simulating rare events and an associated Monte Carlo estimation of tail probabilities.
Our method uses a system of interacting particles and exploits a Feynman-Kac representation of that system to analyze their
fluctuations. Our precise analysis of the variance of a standard multilevel splitting algorithm reveals an opportunity for
improvement. This leads to a novel method that relies on adaptive levels and produces, in the limit of an idealized version
of the algorithm, estimates with optimal variance. The motivation for this theoretical work comes from problems occurring
in watermarking and fingerprinting of digital contents, which represents a new field of applications of rare event simulation
techniques. Some numerical results show performance close to the idealized version of our technique for these practical applications. 相似文献
4.
Mara Del Baldo 《Journal of Management and Governance》2012,16(1):1-36
The study proposes to individuate the relationship between social engagement, social statements and governance of SMEs. Does
an adhesion to the philosophy and to the practices of CSR, which are reflected in a firm’s mission and accountability, positively
influences its governance? If so, is this influence more or less significant for SMEs with respect to large-sized firms? This
paper winds itself around these questions and describes the principle findings that have emerged from a qualitative investigation
focused on a selected group of “cohesive” Italian SMEs, in which their management complies with both economic and social issues.
The empirical study finds that the diffusion of CSR is tied above all to the entrepreneur’s values and orientation and to
the company embeddedness to the local socio-economic environment. The concluding reflections trace the features of a territorial
model of socially responsible orientation centered on the best practices of SMEs who are excellent examples of “spirited businesses”
and are part of a network (which includes institutions, trade associations, non-profit organizations, etc.) that contributes
to the diffusion of an orientation towards CSR and to sustainability across the territory. 相似文献
5.
This paper examines the short and medium term impact of early childcare provision by grandparents and formal care settings on child cognitive outcomes, using data from the Millennium Cohort Study (UK). Compared with children placed in formal childcare, children cared for by their grandparents are better at naming objects, but perform worse on tests of basic concept development and non-verbal reasoning. These results mask strong heterogeneities. On the one hand, the positive association between grandparental care and child outcomes is stronger for children from more advantaged households; on the other, the negative association is only significant for those from more disadvantaged households. The results of OLS estimations used for our analysis are confirmed using panel methods and an instrumental variable approach. 相似文献
6.
Daniela Del Boca 《LABOUR》1994,8(2):259-277
ABSTRACT In this paper we analyze the relationship between post-divorce private transfers (child support and alimony), mothers' economic independence and children's welfare using US data. Our empirical results show that mothers who receive child support and alimony from absent fathers are more likely to work and to spend a higher proportion of the income on child-related goods. We argue that the pattern of empirical results is consistent with there being significant externalities between parents even after divorce. 相似文献
7.
Isabel Baño-Piñero María Emilia Martínez-Roche Manuel Canteras-Jordana César Carrillo-García Esteban Orenes-Piñero 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(4):e239-e244
Background
The rates of breastfeeding worldwide are slowly improving since 1996. Europe is still trailing behind the global breastfeeding incidence and prevalence rates. Thus, breastfeeding promotion, protection, prolongation and support have become an important challenge as breastfeeding sharply decreases in the first six months of life.Objectives
The aim of this project is to determine, assess and identify the real impact of breastfeeding support networks in Murcia (Spain).Methods
After searching unsuccessfully for a validated questionnaire, a specific one was developed and validated for measuring the impact of formal and informal support networks through five dimensions: satisfaction, consultation, experience, problems and support. The questionnaire was provided to 500 mothers with experience in breastfeeding, who brought their children to baby paediatricians between 2 June and 27 November 2014. Upon completion of the survey and fieldwork, a detailed statistical analysis was conducted.Results
The degree of satisfaction perceived by the users of the services of support breastfeeding networks is remarkable. In addition, mothers who clarified their doubts and discussed their problems with health professionals and/or breastfeeding support networks were more likely to breastfeed for a longer duration compared to those who did not (p = 0.005). Furthermore, mothers who sought support in breastfeeding are more likely to breastfeed for more than 6 months (p < 0.0005).Conclusion
Based on this information, we conclude that breastfeeding support networks have a positive influence in the duration of a women’s decision to breastfeed. 相似文献8.
ABSTRACTResearch has explored how care managers in elder care – who often function as ‘street-level bureaucrats’ – regard professional discretion. The way in which length of work experience affects care managers’ use of professional discretion remains, however, unexplored. This article present findings from 12 focus groups with 60 care managers. By bringing attention to how care managers experience the needs assessment process, this article sheds light on how these ‘street-level bureaucrats’ struggle when they try to balance their clients’ needs against institutional frameworks and local guidelines. Length of work experience seems to play a role in how care managers claim to use professional discretion. Experienced care managers describe how they deviate from the guidelines at times in order to create an increased scope of action in their decision-making process. Those with less time in the profession describe greater difficulties in this respect. Findings suggest that research should explore if length of work experience plays a role in the actual way in which care managers assess needs and make decisions. As such, they contribute to our understanding of how needs assessment processes are navigated by professionals while also pointing towards the nature of professional discretion in gerontological social work. 相似文献
9.
The presence and the apparent permanence of post-accession EU migrants in the UK is of significant interest to both academics and politicians. Studies have debated whether migration from new accession countries to the UK mark a new type of migration often described as ‘liquid’ and ‘open ended’, or whether these migrants will settle in the new destination countries. Based on a qualitative study of Poles who have lived in Scotland for at least six years, we observed four typologies of what we call migrants’ settling practices: (1) stayers, (2) over-stayers, (3) circular and transnational migrants and (4) economic migrants. The findings from this study demonstrate that Polish migrants do not have fixed ideas about the duration of their migration (in terms of a sense of permanence) but instead focus on diverse links, anchors or attachments in Scotland and Poland in describing their settling practices. Thus, the main contribution the article makes is to present an in-depth understanding of what settlement means from the perspective of migrants themselves. This paper concludes by providing a short comment on implications of the outcome of the Referendum on EU membership ‘Brexit’ in June 2016 on Polish migrants settling practices. 相似文献
10.