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Mariaelisa Graff Kathryn M. Yount Usha Ramakrishnan Reynaldo Martorell Aryeh D. Stein 《Demography》2010,47(1):125-144
Better childhood nutrition is associated with earlier physical maturation during adolescence and increased schooling attainment.
However, as earlier onset of puberty and increased schooling can have opposing effects on fertility, the net effect of improvements
in childhood nutrition on a woman’s fertility are uncertain. Using path analysis, we estimate the strength of the pathways
between childhood growth and subsequent fertility outcomes in Guatemalan women studied prospectively since birth. Height for
age z score at 24 months was positively related to body mass index (BMI kg/m2) and height (cm) in adolescence and to schooling attainment. BMI was negatively associated (−0.23 ± 0.09 years per kg/m2; p < . 05) and schooling was positively associated (0.38 ± 0.06 years per grade; p < .001) with age at first birth. Total
associations with the number of children born were positive from BMI (0.07 ± 0.02 per kg/m2; p < .05) and negative from schooling (−0.18 ± 0.02 per grade; p < .01). Height was not related to age at first birth or
the number of children born. Taken together, childhood nutrition, as reflected by height at 2 years, was positively associated
with delayed age at first birth and fewer children born. If schooling is available for girls, increased growth during childhood
will most likely result in a net decrease infertility. 相似文献
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Clarence C. Gravlee Chad R. Maxwell Aryeh Jacobsohn H. Russell Bernard 《International Journal of Social Research Methodology》2018,21(2):165-176
This article tests whether collecting pile-sort data online produces results similar to those obtained with face-to-face methods. We collected pile sorts from 227 university students in the cultural domain of emotions. To test for mode and design effects, we randomly assigned participants to face-to-face or internet modes and to either a 15- or 30-item sort. We found no evidence of mode effects in semantic structure, but the level of agreement among respondents varied by mode, depending on the number of items in the task. Agreement was higher among online respondents in the 15-item task but among face-to-face respondents in the 30-item one. Because the central purpose of pile sorting is to elicit semantic structure, we conclude that online data collection is a viable option for most researchers, but the mode effect in level of agreement implies that other design elements may affect comparability of face-to-face and web-based methods. 相似文献
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