CHILD LABOR AND SCHOOLING RESPONSES TO ACCESS TO MICROCREDIT IN RURAL BANGLADESH

Microcredit has been shown to be effective in reducing poverty in many developing countries. However, less is known about its effect on human capital formation. In this article, we examine the impact of access to microcredit on children's education and child labor using a new and large data set from rural Bangladesh. The results show that household participation in a microcredit program may increase child labor and reduce school enrollment. The adverse effects are more pronounced for girls than boys. Younger children are more adversely affected than their older siblings and the children of poorer and less educated households are affected most adversely. Our findings remain robust to different specifications and methods, and when corrected for various sources of selection bias. (JEL H43, I21, J13, J24, L30, O12)     

National Identity and Citizenship in the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Korea

Abstract  This paper points out the limitations of culturalist approaches to the PRC and the ROK and deals with factors that contribute to the legal definition of citizenship in those two counties. The understanding of political and economic interests, rather than cultural aspects, is important in explaining the changes of the definition of citizenship there. China institutionalized a state-centered national identity, while Korea constructed an ethnic-centered national identity as they became integrated into the international order as nation-states. However, both the PRC and ROK made important changes in their legal definitions of citizenship regardless of their distinct national identities in China and Korea.     

Time of Decision and Media Use During the Ford-Carter Campaign

This paper challenges the traditional belief that a full presidentialpolitical campaign can have only "limited effects" on voting,by identifying a group of voters who make their decisions duringthe campaign rather than either prior to or very late in thecampaign. In a panel study of Wisconsin voters in the 1976 election,40 percent were Campaign Deciders. These voters were low inpartisanship, but paid close attention to the campaign and theFord-Carter debates, and voted in accordance with campaign-specificperceptions. By contrast, both Pre-campaign Deciders and Last-minuteDeciders voted mainly on the basis of party identification.