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1.
Hiroyuki Kashima 《Statistical Papers》2005,46(4):523-540
This paper shows that a minimax Bayes rule and shrinkage estimators can be effectively applied to portfolio selection under
the Bayesian approach. Specifically, it is shown that the portfolio selection problem can result in a statistical decision
problem in some situations. Following that, we present a method for solving a problem involved in portfolio selection under
the Bayesian approach. 相似文献
2.
Hiroyuki Yamada 《Social Development》2009,18(4):962-977
Ninety-five Japanese children (aged 6–12) were interviewed using hypothetical stories to examine their reasoning about parent–child conflicts. Participants were most likely to reject parental authority and to support child's discretion in conflict situations where the parent interfered in the child's personal choice and gave the child commands that violated moral and conventional principles. However, participants were most likely to accept parental authority when the child's wish conflicted with the parent's moral concern. Participants' reasoning was more varied when the child's wish went against the parent's conventional demand. Consistent with their cultural values, participants considered harmonious relationships in evaluating conventional and personal conflicts, but not moral conflicts. Age differences were observed in the endorsement of personal choice. Results suggest that children do not simply act upon their cultural values but also show resistance to parental authority for reasons beyond meeting selfish needs and form differentiated judgments about parent–child conflicts. 相似文献
3.
Ecological risk from the development of a wetland is assessed quantitatively by means of a new risk measure, expected loss of biodiversity (ELB). ELB is defined as the weighted sum of the increments in the probabilities of extinction of the species living in the wetland due to its loss. The weighting for a particular species is calculated according to the length of the branch on the phylogenetic tree that will be lost if the species becomes extinct. The length of the branch on the phylogenetic tree is regarded as reflecting the extent of contribution of the species to the taxonomic diversity of the world of living things. The increments in the probabilities of extinction are calculated by a simulation used for making the Red List for vascular plants in Japan. The resulting ELB for the loss of Nakaikemi wetland is 9,200 years. This result is combined with the economic costs for conservation of the wetland to produce a value for the indicator of the cost per unit of biodiversity saved. Depending on the scenario, the value is 13,000 yen per year-ELB or 110,000 to 420,000 yen per year-ELB (1 US dollar = 110 yen in 1999). 相似文献
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Using an ordered logit model on representative survey data, we study attitudes about who should provide for the livelihood of the elderly in two aging societies—Germany and Japan. We find that in both countries, those with higher income are more inclined toward the private option, whereas age has the opposite effect. Part-time work status negatively (positively) affects the inclination toward a government-based pension system in Japan (Germany). Other significant influences are the pensioner status of the respondents in Japan and specific left-wing party support in the case of Germans. 相似文献
6.
Idrus Abbas Koji Nakamura Haruo Katakura Hiroyuki Sasaji 《Researches on Population Ecology》1988,30(1):43-56
Summary Geographical variation in the elytral spot patterns of a phytophagous ladybird,Epilachna vigintioctopunctata, was studied in the Province of Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Populations ofE. vigintioctopunctata were divided into four major groups (I–IV) by the incidence of spot pattern variations. Group I, occurring in the coastal
plains and inland lowlands, and Group IV, confined to the highlands, were the extremes of the spot pattern variations, the
latter had many more non-persistent spots and confluences with larger body size and advanced melanism than the former. These
two groups were connected with each other via the intermediate groups. A positive relationship was detected between the elevations
of sample sites and the average number of non-persistent spots per elytron. Consequently, present results favor the view that
the two previously recognized forms ofE. vigintioctopunctata (formae A and B inKatakura et al., 1988) represent a complicated intraspecific variation rather than two distinct sibling species. Elytral spot pattern
variations were not different between the sexes or between the beetles collected from different kinds of host plants.
Contribution No. 30 of Sumatra Nature Study (Entomology).
Supported in part by grants from Japan Society for the Promotion Science for JSPS-DGHE Scientific Cooperation (1980, 1982)
and for the RONPAKU program (toI. Abbas, 1984) and Grants-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific survey from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan (Nos.
56041027 and 58041030). 相似文献
7.
本文介绍藏语方言学研究中的地理语言学的研究方法,并利用此方法对所谓的藏语“康方言”进行分析,探讨其具体语言现象,并提出在以往藏语研究中常见的“康方言”并不成立,应将其理解为“语言复合体”之见解.由于方言学研究涉及的领域除了语言本身之外,还需要考虑地理关系及历史关系,其研究不同于普通的方言研究.本文主要讨论有关“康方言”的三个问题,通过实际问题的讨论了解到,方言学研究中绘制语言地图是一种不可回避的过程,通过地图能了解到各个方言群的分布地域,并加上地理、历史等人文信息探讨方言的形成,才能得到可信的方言分类. 相似文献
8.
9.
加藤弘之 《山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,(1):45-50
虽然东亚产业分布正从"一极集中"到"多极分散",中国东部沿海也在迅速崛起,但笔者依然反对"中国威胁论",认为中国实行的是"非完全、彻底的"市场化,且沿海地区的迅速发展不能代替说明整个中国的发展。与此同时,加入WTO之后会对中国经济和世界经济产生深远的影响,并将成为日本及其国民真正迈向国际化的契机。日本要想有效地利用好中国的优势,一方面应与中国地方政府合作,支持本地中小企业的对外发展,另一方面必须大力推进内部国际化。 相似文献
10.