The uneven patterning of welfare benefits at the twilight of AFDC: assessing the influence of institutions, race, and citizen preferences

Scholars have been slow to test welfare state theories on the extensive subnational variation in the United States during the recent period of retrenchment. We assess institutional politics theories, literature on race and social policy, and public opinion arguments relative to levels of support in states' Aid to Families Dependent Children programs from 1982 until its elimination in 1996. Pooled time-series results demonstrate that the determinants of spending during retrenchment are mostly similar to those driving development and expansion. Pro-spending actors and professionalized state institutions limit benefit curtailment, while jurisdictions with larger African- American populations have lower benefits. Additionally, liberal citizens positively impact support and strengthen the effects of state institutions, but this effect is attenuated in states with larger African-American populations.     

基于有限元法的脱水压榨机强度校核

为了保证隧道洗衣机有良好的脱水性,根据相关规范,设计了符合隧道式洗衣机的脱水压榨机,综合运用实体单 元和连接单元,建立了包括上下横梁、中间四根拉杆的有限元模型,并利用ABAQUS软件对于模型进行网格划分,施加材 料属性以及必要的约束和静力载荷,最后进行了应力分析强度校核。结果表明在额定工况下,从应力云图以及位移云图 验证了脱水压榨机主要部件应力均在安全范围内,其强度均满足要求。     

The Affordable Care Act,Dependent Health Insurance Coverage,and Young Adults' Health

This study examines the consequences of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) dependent coverage provision for the health of U.S. young adults aged\–25. Using data from the Current Population Survey—March Supplement for the years 2007–2012 and ordered logistic regression analyses, we examine self‐rated health and its association with dependent health insurance coverage for 19‐ to 25‐year‐olds and a comparison group of 28‐ to 34‐year‐olds before and after implementation of the ACA. Compared to 28‐ to 34‐year‐olds, results indicate the post‐ACA period (2010–2011) is associated with increased access to dependent health insurance coverage and improved health for young adults aged 19–25 relative to the period before implementation (2008–2009). More than half of the difference in health improvement across age groups can be attributed to changes in dependent coverage. These results are the first to demonstrate a positive health benefit resulting from the implementation of the ACA.     

凸缘外套冷挤压工艺优化

凸缘外套在生产过程中产生底部断裂现象,通过三维建模绘制出零件的成形模具,基于Deform 3D软件平台,进行 有限元模拟对比分析,找出产生断裂的因素。通过各个影响因素的对比,对方案1和方案2的可行性进行评估,确定方案2 可行。对凸缘外套的加工工艺进行优化,从而提高凸缘外套生产的合格率,提高坯料的利用率,实现工件的大批量生产。     

Leaving Retirement: Age-Graded Relative Risks of Transitioning Back to Work or Dying

Demographic research has documented the age-graded risk of returning to work after a period of retirement; few studies, however, have disaggregated this risk into the different forms work takes in later life. Moreover, prior research has not explored the age-graded risk of re-retiring after reentry. This study uses the 1992–2008 Health and Retirement Study to first examine the age-graded and duration dependent risks of transitioning to full-time work, part-time work, and mortality from full retirement. Second, this study documents the age-graded duration of reemployment, and the age-graded risk of re-retiring. Results from multi-decrement life tables indicate reemployment both occurs more frequently and lasts longer than previously estimated. The gender differences in risk of reemployment are modest, although women are at greater risk of returning to part-time work, whereas men are at greater risk of returning to full-time work. Additionally, retirees from services-producing industries are at lower risk of transitioning to work, but greater risks of mortality, suggesting retirement is a less permanent feature in the life course of retirees from goods-producing industries. Finally, the results suggest Social Security benefit eligibility plays a part in reducing reentry at later ages.