排序方式: 共有22条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Geir Scott Brunborg Bjørn Helge Johnsen Ståle Pallesen Helge Molde Rune Aune Mentzoni Helga Myrseth 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(4):545-559
This study investigated the relationship between aversive conditioning, heart rate variability suppression, behavioral activation
system/behavioral inhibition system and risk-avoidance on the Iowa gambling task (IGT) in a nonclinical sample (29 male, 29
female, mean age = 20.7). A laboratory based Pavlovian aversive conditioning paradigm was used where a 1500 Hz tone (CS+)
was followed by a burst of loud white noise (US), and a 850 Hz (CS−) tone was never followed by the US. In a subsequent extinction
phase where the CS+ and CS− were presented without the US, conditioned skin conductance responses to the CS+ indicated aversive
conditioning. The results showed that the participants who did not show aversive conditioning (N = 26) exhibited significantly less risk-avoidance compared to participants who did show aversive conditioning (N = 32). Regression analysis showed that among the study variables, only aversive conditioning contributed significantly to
explaining variance in risk-avoidance. These results may have implications for understanding risk-taking in gambling in general,
and may be a starting point understanding the role of aversive conditioning in the development and maintenance of gambling
problems. 相似文献
2.
Natália Pimenta Monteiro Miguel Portela Odd Rune Straume 《Journal of Labor Research》2011,32(3):210-236
In this paper we analyse—theoretically and empirically—how the degree of private versus public ownership of firms affects
the degree of rent sharing between firms and their workers. Using a particularly rich linked employer-employee dataset from
Portugal, covering a large number of corporate ownership changes across a wide spectrum of economic sectors over more than
20 years, we find that rent sharing is significantly higher in firms with a larger share of private ownership. Estimates from
our most preferred empirical specification suggest that an increase in the private ownership share of 10 percentage points
increases (on average) the rent-sharing elasticity by 0.0002. Based on a theoretical analysis that incorporates union-firm
wage bargaining and efficiency wage effects within the same modelling framework, this result cannot be explained by private
firms being more profit oriented than public ones. However, the result is consistent with a scenario whereby privatisation
leads to less job security for workers, implying stronger efficiency wage effects. 相似文献
3.
Audhild Hønsi Rune Aune Mentzoni Helge Molde Ståle Pallesen 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2013,29(3):359-375
Attentional bias has been the subject of extensive empirical investigation in connection with chemical addictions, and it has been demonstrated in users of several different substances. The findings show that substance users seem to notice and attend to substance-related stimuli more readily than non-substance-related stimuli. Less is known, however, about attentional bias in pathological gambling. This systematic review investigates the existing empirical evidence on attentional bias in problem and pathological gamblers. Eleven studies were identified and evaluated following a literature search. Key findings are that problem and pathological gamblers seem to exhibit attentional bias toward gambling-related stimuli across different measuring paradigms, although some negative findings were reported. Recommendations aimed at improving research on this topic include better validation of measures, the inclusion of manipulations of craving level, and adding variations in gambling severity as a variable, as well as gambling preference. Research on therapeutic procedures aimed at reducing attentional bias is also recommended. 相似文献
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It is well documented that educational achievement in Western societies is related to family background. Yet we know less about how people who have completed university degrees experience the importance of their education. How is education related to the different culturally embedded structures of nation states? How do highly educated people perceive the pertinence of their education? Such questions are rarely posed in the literature on social class, but recent research on the middle class in Britain offers a background for comparisons. Based on results from interviews with a sample of people having higher educational diplomas, the article discusses the particularities of the Norwegian case. We find much ambivalence over class identification and there is a remarkable tendency to downplay the importance of education. Our findings indicate that the Norwegian middle class has internalized egalitarian values embedded in Norwegian culture and thus, compared to the British case, more often hesitates to set up boundaries between itself and other classes. We argue that such findings diverge from conventional typifications of western ‘middle‐classes’ and have wider methodological implications for the study of class systems. 相似文献
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Rune Ellemose Gulev 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(3):802-811
Differences in management behaviour across European countries continue to be a favourite topic of analysis within academia.
The current article contributes to this discourse by revealing insights gathered from participants at a multicultural workshop
that sought to portray differences in management behaviour across European countries. The obtained insights are interesting
as they reveal how management methods differ along five specific management dimensions based on personal accounts from people
who live and work within their country of representation. It is important to note that the insights are reflective of personal
accounts and as such serve as interesting introductory reads about management differences in Europe but are not necessarily
reflective of the entire management story within each country. 相似文献
8.
Hoff Rune Putter Hein Mehlum Ingrid Sivesind Gran Jon Michael 《Lifetime data analysis》2019,25(4):660-680
Lifetime Data Analysis - In non-Markov multi-state models, the traditional Aalen–Johansen (AJ) estimator for state transition probabilities is generally not valid. An alternative, suggested... 相似文献
9.
In the present study we have evaluated two competing methods for estimation of the impulse response weights used in the identification of transfer function models:a time domain method involving biased regression techniques and a frequency domain method utilizing a discrete Fourier transform of the cross-covariance system of the transfer function model. The algorithms were implemented on a VAX-8800 computer at the Computing Center at Åbo Akademi. The evaluation of the competing methods was carried out by simulations of different transfer function noise model structures. The models are essentially the same as those of Edlund, but we have used a far greater number of replications in the cases tested. Furthermore, we have used actually identified and estimated autoregressive integrated moving-average models of the residuals in the identification procedure of impulse response weights, in contrast with Edlund who only used theoretical noise models in filtering the input and output series. After a shot discussion of the underlying theory, we present the procedures and results of the empirical testing. 相似文献
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Stubager R 《The British journal of sociology》2008,59(2):327-350
Over the past decades an authoritarian–libertarian value dimension has become increasingly important to electoral behaviour across western countries. Previous analyses have shown that education is the most important social antecedent of individuals' positions on this value dimension; high education groups tend towards the libertarian pole and low education groups tend towards the authoritarian pole. It remains an open question, however, what aspects of education cause this relationship. The article examines a range of explanatory models: a psychodynamic, a cognitive, a socialization, and an allocation effects model. The results strongly favour the socialization model in which the relationship between education and authoritarian–libertarian values is explained as a result of differences in the value sets transferred to students in different educational milieus. The value differences between the educational groups should thus not be seen as reflecting economic differences between the groups but rather as the result of a more fundamental value conflict. 相似文献