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21.
试论企业技术创新激励与约束机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
和云 《云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2001,18(2):30-33
由于缺乏有效的企业技术创新的激励机制和约束机制,致使相当部分国有企业缺乏创新的热情和责任,不能成为技术创新的主体,激励机制与约束机制是企业技术创新的动力机制,只有尽快建立相对完善的激励机制和约束机制,才能保证企业技术创新活动的健康发展. 相似文献
22.
温树斌 《烟台大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2000,13(1):22-28
国家主权与国际法的关系一直是国际法领域倍受关注的热门话题之一.为了正确辨析两者之间的关系,首先必须弄清主权的性质、主权与主权权利的不同概念及相互关系.笔者认为,主权权利区别于主权的特征在于,不仅其自身具有可分割或可让与性,而且可与主权相分离,甚至全部主权权利的不能行使也不构成对主权的否定.以此为基础,本文将主权与国际法的关系划分为两个层面,即国家主权与国际法相互依存的关系、国际法对主权权利的丰富、发展和限制的关系. 相似文献
23.
民营企业文化管理的重构 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19
民营企业文化管理重构,主要包括理念和制度两个方面.在理念上,要把民营企业的非理性的血缘、情缘文化理念,转变为现代企业的业缘、事缘理念;要用"以人为本"的现代管理理念,取代以"以工具为本"的陈旧理念;用注重灵魂塑造的理念,取代注重形式主义的有害理念;用注重长期培育的理念,取代追求短期见效的落后理念;用注重形成企业集体无意识的理念,取代注重企业细小行为规范的肤浅理念.在制度方面,民营企业要努力建构自己的文化意义符号管理制度,文化沟通网络管理制度,职场氛围管理制度,文化训练管理制度,文化遗传管理制度等. 相似文献
24.
Ma?gorzata Graczyk 《Statistical Papers》2009,50(4):789-795
New construction methods of the regular A-optimal design matrices with elements −1, 0, 1 are presented, under assumption of
nonhomogeneity of variance error. The presented constructions are based on the incidence matrices of the balanced bipartite
weighing designs. 相似文献
25.
A Model of Quality of College Life (QCL) of Students in Korea 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study develops and tests a model of quality of college life (QCL) of students in Korea. In this study, QCL of students
is conceptualized in terms of needs satisfaction and affect balance. It has been hypothesized that satisfaction with education
services, administrative services, and facilities have a significant impact on QCL, which in turn positively influences identification,
positive word of mouth, and overall quality of life. The results of a survey on 228 Korean college students largely support
the model. Managerial and policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
26.
Marisa?C.?Young Jean?E.?WallaceEmail author 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2009,30(3):305-319
This study examines whether men and women invest in different determinants of productivity and whether these investments affect
productivity and salary in different ways. Hypotheses are tested from human and social capital theories that include more
direct measures for family responsibilities and family-friendly firm arguments. Data from 670 law firm lawyers were used given
they report a standardized measure of productivity in billable hours. Despite men investing more in their careers and women
investing more in their families, both report similar productivity and their productivity is affected similarly by these factors.
In addition, equally productive men and women are paid the same. The findings further our understanding of productivity and
salary and the relevance of family responsibilities and family-friendly firms.
Marisa C. Young is a second year Ph.D. student in Sociology at the University of Toronto. She is currently working on a federally funded project titled “Investigating Neighbourhood Effects on Mental Health.” Her dissertation research examines neighbourhood effects on the gendered distribution of housework, work-family conflict, and mental health. Jean E. Wallace, Ph.D., is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Calgary. She has studied professionals’ work attitudes, experiences, and organizational settings for over 20 years, with a recent shift in focus from lawyers to physicians. Her current research interests include well-being, work-life balance, job stress, and coping strategies. 相似文献
Jean E. Wallace (Corresponding author)Email: |
Marisa C. Young is a second year Ph.D. student in Sociology at the University of Toronto. She is currently working on a federally funded project titled “Investigating Neighbourhood Effects on Mental Health.” Her dissertation research examines neighbourhood effects on the gendered distribution of housework, work-family conflict, and mental health. Jean E. Wallace, Ph.D., is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Calgary. She has studied professionals’ work attitudes, experiences, and organizational settings for over 20 years, with a recent shift in focus from lawyers to physicians. Her current research interests include well-being, work-life balance, job stress, and coping strategies. 相似文献
27.
Urbanization and other land cover changes have been particularly detrimental to wetlands throughout the planet. One wetland specialist that may be sensitive to land cover changes surrounding wetlands is the round-tailed muskrat (Neofiber alleni; hereafter RTM). The RTM is a wetland obligate rodent that appears to have declined over the last half century and is a species of concern in Florida, where it is a near endemic. To determine if urbanization or other land cover influenced the distribution of RTMs we took a multi-scaled approach to examine the occurrence of RTMs and their associated vegetation in North-Central Florida. We detected RTMs on 19 of 72 sample plots and used a Classification And Regression Tree (CART) to determine that dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium) was negatively associated with RTMs and maidencane (Panicum hemitomon) was positively associated with their occurrence on sampling plots. Examining the influence of landscape composition for 2 km surrounding our plots we found that RTM occurrence was negatively related to urban land cover. Further, we found that dogfennel increased and maidencane decreased as urbanization increased in the surrounding landscape. Our research suggests that conservation of RTMs and their associated vegetation should focus on limiting urban sprawl at least within 2 km of wetlands. 相似文献
28.
Maider?Iglesias-CarrascoEmail author José?Martín Carlos?Cabido 《Urban Ecosystems》2017,20(6):1331-1338
Does urbanization affect key life-history traits in native organisms? Some studies show that urban areas reduce diversity in certain taxa, but there is little insight into how these environments affect physiological and ecological traits. Urban areas have distinct physical structure and ecological processes compared to original habitats. The environmental changes associated with urban areas can influence the costs and benefits of different traits and behaviors of local organisms. Some of these effects have been explored in groups such as birds, but we might expect stronger effects in animals with reduced mobility, such as amphibians. Importantly, the effects of urban habitats on amphibians have not been explored, in spite that these are the most threatened vertebrate group in the world. Here, we compared three main traits related to the fitness of amphibians in urban and natural habitats: body size, body condition and immune response. To test the generality of our results, we assessed adult males of four amphibian species. We found that the body size was larger in urban environment populations in three of four studied species, while the body condition was better in the urban populations of two aquatic newt species. Finally, we found no effect of urbanization on the immune response of individuals of any species. In conclusion, we show that different species of amphibians may be affected differently by anthropogenic habitat alteration depending on their specific ecology. 相似文献
29.
A desirable function for terrestrial urban ecosystems is the mitigation of nitrogen (N) pollution associated with cities and suburbs. To assist in maximizing this function, identifying locations of sources and sinks of N in the urban environment is crucial to inform management strategies. Lawns are an extensive land cover in urbanized landscapes, and in general, they have demonstrated the capacity to function as a sink for N inputs. How N is cycled by lawns, however, is likely not uniform across the physical heterogeneity or management activities that exist in lawns. We investigated the influence of heterogeneity in light availability on N cycling in lawns that were irrigated but not fertilized. Light availability is affected by tree canopy and built structures and is, therefore, heterogeneous both within individual lawns and among lawns. Light is expected to control N retention and loss through effects on primary productivity. We experimentally examined N regulation over one calendar year by measuring net primary production (NPP), N retention using an isotopic tracer, and N leaching in existing unfertilized lawns under heterogeneous light conditions. We used a budgetary approach to estimate gaseous N loss which we assume is primarily via denitrification. Light functioned as a limiting resource for primary productivity. From low to high light conditions, annual NPP increased 177 to 430 g C?m?2?y?1 and retention of N isotope tracer increased from 50 to 65% as a result of increased retention in plants. Nitrate leaching losses were low overall and were not affected by light levels. Light availability regulated the fate of N inputs and unfertilized lawns may function as substantial sinks for reactive N through storage in the terrestrial system and N loss by denitrification. However, whether or not denitrification is generally an N sink will depend on the ratio of non-reactive (i.e., N2) to reactive (i.e., N2O, NO) denitrification products. Overall, we find that effective strategies for managing N sources and sinks in cities will likely need to consider light availability, particularly in systems receiving water subsidies via irrigation. 相似文献
30.
Kyle?T.?MartinsEmail author Andrew?Gonzalez Martin?J.?Lechowicz 《Urban Ecosystems》2017,20(6):1359-1371
The role of urban expansion on bee diversity is poorly understood, but it may play an important role in restructuring pollinator diversity observed in rural regions at the urban perimeter. We studied bee communities in two habitats essential for pollinators (residential gardens and semi-natural areas) at 42 sites situated at the edge of greater Montreal, Canada. Bee species richness, abundance and functional diversity all increased with urbanization in both habitat types, but gardens and semi-natural areas supported distinct bee communities with unique responses to urbanization in terms of species turnover. Compared to semi-natural sites, residential gardens supported bees that foraged from a greater number but a lower proportion of available plant species. Bees did not discriminate between exotic and indigenous plant species in either gardens or semi-natural sites and were attracted to flowers in either habitat irrespective of their origins. Protecting semi-natural ruderal areas and providing residential garden habitats for pollinators are both effective means of promoting regional bee diversity in urbanizing regions. 相似文献