什么时候怀宝宝好(一)

介绍怀孕前的准备(包括心理准备、营养准备、精神和体力准备、环境准备)、怀孕前的注意事项及最佳怀孕期的选择,使您能孕育一个健康、智商高超的小生命.     

日本两次偷袭战的政治经济根源

在日俄战争与太平洋战争中，日本两次发动了震惊世界的偷袭战，这决非偶发本件。争霸并妄图称霸远东，是日木发动偷袭战的政治根源；而日本国力的相对弱小。是其不得不采取突袭手段对付势力强大的俄、美的经济根源。     

传奇谢和赓

传奇谢和赓天粒带着景仰之情，与谢老交往日久，知道了他许多神奇的往事。突然有一天，一个偶然的机会，他向我谈起自己曾经遵从的穆斯林生活习惯，我才大大地惊讶了！他──一位汉族中共地下工作者，为了革命事业，忠诚地奉献了许多、许多……１９３７年７月的一天，在广...     

智教幼儿

我那胖小子,出生没几天,抱着时便要不停摇晃,不然就啼哭不止,露出调皮倔犟的性格端倪。果不是嘛,后来给他取名吴迪,当然或多或少含有“无敌”的谐意;但谐意毕竟是谐意,小家伙却在周岁多刚会说话的时候,当有人问起叫什么名字,就小手一举,狂妄宣称“天下无敌”。举两个他任性的例子。偶遇小家伙不愿意洗     

美籍华裔女作家聂华苓来校讲学

美籍华裔女作家、美国衣阿华大学“国际写作计划”主任聂华苓和她的丈夫、诗人保罗·安格尔,应我校中文系的邀请,于五月十八日上午来校讲学。陪同聂华苓女士来校的有:中国作家协会对外联络部主任黎辛,河南省文联副主席李准,开封市文联副主任杨明。     

毛泽东思想指导我們試驗中国人工喉成功

我在研究“人工喉”这一科学实验过程中,深深体会到:毛主席著作不仅是指导阶级斗爭、生产斗爭无往不胜的有力武器,而且是打开科学宝库的钥匙。我学习毛主席著作是在学校里开始的,在老师的帮助下读了一些毛主席的书,使我懂得了不少革命道理。在改造自己的思想、提高阶级觉悟方面也起了不少的作用。不过那时候学习毛主席著作的自觉性还很不够,也沒有学会和掌握活学活用的方法,所     

论孤立主义的历史作用

美国历史上的孤立主义问题,是目前史学界研究的一个重要课题。长期以来,美国史学界对这一问题就存在着尖锐的争论。“正统学派”的代表人物之一,弗罗里达大学教授约翰·斯伯纳尔认为:美国外交史就是孤立主义——干预世界事务——孤立主义,循环往复,并以孤立主义为主的历史;而“修正学派”(新左派)的代表人物威廉·阿     

四川少数民族村寨旅游扶贫模式转变研究

In 2012 , State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission of the People’ s Republic of China( hereaf-ter SEAC ) announced an outline concerning the protection and development of‘ethnic minority vil-lages with special characteristics ’ . The develop-ment of such villages is one of the important tasks of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission:this devel-opment aims to foster the conservation of ethnic culture and to accelerate the development of the ethnic areas in which these villages lie. On Sep-tember 23 , 2014 , the State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission announced guanyu minming shoupi zhong-guo shaoshu minzu tese chunzhai de tongzhi ( No-tice on the Naming of the First Group of China ’ s Ethnic Minority Villages with Special Characteris-tics):340 villages in total were inscribed into the list of this so-called ‘First Batch ’ , among which four villages of Sichuan province were included:( i) Jiefang village of Haqu in Leshan, ( ii) Mutuo Village of Maoxian in Aba, ( iii) Shangmo Village of Songfan in Aba, and ( iv) Guza Village of Seda in Ganzi. With the support of the so-called‘Poverty Al-leviation Policy’ , tourism in ethnic minority villa-ges has been booming; however, this has also re-sulted in a new series of related problems that need to be addressed. Tourism development obviously had reduced regional poverty. Since the 1980s, the promotion of economic development through tourism in the ethnic areas ( with a corresponding improvement of people ’ s living conditions ) has been widely accepted by society. Also in the prov-ince of Sichuan the ‘poverty alleviation through tourism’ policy has led to economic growth and has reduced the poverty of the people in the ethnic mi-nority areas. From 2011 to 2014, the SEAC has invested 57. 8 million Yuan in the development of ethnic minority villages in Sichuan province. This has led to the implementation of 73 projects and has benefited around 100,000 people, 7 indige-nous ethnic groups, and 11 prefectures and munic-ipalities in Sichuan. It seems that this‘poverty al-leviation through tourism ’ ( hereafter PATT ) has resulted in good economic and social effects. Ethnic minority villages in Sichuan share sim-ilar challenges: ( i) a low level of production and productivity,economic backwardness, simplistic e-conomic infrastructure, cultural narrow-minded-ness, a low level of education and personal devel-opment, and a fragile condition of local nature and cultural surroundings. Moreover, tourism has since deeply altered previous development models for these regions: this has also brought many new problems, like e. g. how to correctly distribute the newly acquired economic benefits and profits, as well as cultural and environmental protection is-sues. Many of these problems seem to be only tran-sitional;however, these challenges do ask for the necessary tweaks of the PATT policies. This article thus tries to review the model of PATT as imple-mented in the ethnic villages of Sichuan. The arti-cle explores its different stages/aspects:( i) adap-tation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the gov-ernment, ( iii) an evolving profit model for local people, and ( iv ) evolving local talent discovery and activation. The first aspect of PATT is the change of the development goals. At first, the priority is to get rid of poverty through tourism. To initially boost local tourism, the government must make major in-vestments: enhancement of the basic infrastruc-ture, creation of a touristic brand and initial adver-tising for the ethnic villages. However, when the PATT has been effectively implemented, and reached a mature stage of development, i. e. the village has become relatively popular and annual numbers of tourists have reached a stable good lev-el, the goals must be adapted: economic develop-ment should change to sustainable development. The new goals would be a combination of local tourism and local related industries, such as handi-craft products, catering and other hospitality busi-nesses etc. When all of this takes place, the eth-nic villages and areas seem to be able to arrive at a green and sustainable development path. The second stage is the change of the role of government. As said, in the beginning large in-vestments in infrastructure, tourism marketing and publicity are needed. In this start-up stage, the village needs quite a lot of human and material re-sources. Without the financial and human aid of the government, it’ s very hard to change a local ethnic minority village into a tourist destination. Hence, the government should play a supportive role during the initial stages of tourism develop-ment, while taking the local villagers ’ will and ethnic culture into consideration: the government should consult with the villagers and encourage the villagers’ participation in the whole development process. When indeed the PATT reaches a mature phase, the local people can take over. By then the locals have gained much experience;their attitudes and business skills have sufficiently improved so the government can take a step back, leaving the villagers to further develop the villages by them-selves. The third aspect is an ‘evolving profit model for local people ’ . During the initial stages of PATT, it’ s all about developing basic tourism pro-jects: at this moment, the main profit models for businesses rely on ( a) ethnic culture projects with distinct characteristics, ( b ) establishing high quality modes of the tourists route, and ( c) pro-moting the unique name and fame of the villages. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the villagers themselves must further develop and maintain their unique brand and fame. As said, the government takes a step back while local peo-ple are to develop new related sustainable profit models. The fourth issue is the further evolution of‘local talent discovery and activation ’ or‘talent mechanisms’ . Before the initial stages of PATT in Sichuan, the local villagers of the ethnic minorities had been engaged in traditional agriculture for many years;hence it was difficult for them to tran-sition into modern industries such as tourism and hospitality. Moreover, there were very few locals who had any knowledge of this tourism/hospitality industry. E. g. only some elderly people conducted simplistic tour guide practices for tourists: they were unable to provide any in-depth explanations of the traditional ethnic customs and culture due to language barriers. Thus, outsiders ( including gov-ernment staff and tourism professionals ) had to come in and provide advanced concepts, methods, and training. More importantly, a new ‘local tal-ent team’ had to discover and activate local people with tourism talents/abilities. This allowed for a genuine local tourism industry to come into exist-ence and further evolve. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the government should re-turn the economic benefits back to the local people and give them the dominant right to further self-de-velopment. A newly developed professional middle class will then allow the local people to further de-cide on the future of the ethnic villages. After the initial ‘local talent discovery and activation ’ , a more mature ‘talent mechanism ’ should be formed. Led by the best local talents, people from all circles should be encouraged to take part in the further development of the local villages and areas:this allows for greater stability and continuity, while new talents can develop more. This article has analyzed the implementation and adaptation of PATT in the province of Si-chuan, including the ( i) adaptation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the government, ( iii) an evol-ving profit model for local people, and ( iv) evol-ving local talent discovery and activation. Howev-er, the development of ethnic minority villages still seems to face many difficulties and challenges, and need to be studied and discussed more.     

走资源节约型可持续发展之路

我国农业生产中存在着人多地少、人增地减、国家对农业投入不足、农业劳动者科学文化素质低、生产环境恶化、生产基础设施不完善等诸多问题。这样的国情决定了我国必须走资源节约型可持续发展之路,必须对农业资源进行多目标、多层次、多环节的全方位开发利用,使经济、生态、社会三效益统一起来,取得最佳的综合效益,建立经济发展与资源环境相互协调的发展模式。