Marijuana use and depression

The primary goal of this study is to examine the association between marijuana use and adult depressive symptomatology. The key independent variables examined are age of marijuana initiation, frequency of current marijuana use, the use of other licit and illicit drugs, and whether marijuana was used to cope with problems. The relationships among these variables are assessed using data from the Young Men and Drugs Survey (n = 1,941), a nationally representative sample of men from the 1944-1954 birth cohort. Results show that early marijuana initiation appears to be weakly associated with increased depression in adulthood. This effect, however, is mediated by educational attainment, employment status, marital status, and other drug use, notably alcohol and tobacco use. Adult frequency of marijuana use is not significantly associated with increased depression in adulthood. Finally, marijuana users who use the drug to cope with problems are more depressed than those who do not use to cope with problems.     

The role of friends, in-laws, and other kin in father-perpetrated child physical abuse

Thirty-five physically abusive fathers were matched with a comparison sample to test multiple systemic explanations for child physical abuse, using an ecological perspective, and to show the relationship between the structure of social ties and the function of those ties. The physically abusive fathers were found to have received significantly fewer emotional and instrumental supports from their friends, in-laws, and other kin than the comparison fathers, and were only weakly linked to members of their social networks--members who might have discouraged the fathers' aggressive impulses or provided additional support to them and to their families.     

小时爱爬墙，长大去攀岩

风从峭拔的山峰之间呼啸着掠过，汤姆克鲁斯紧紧贴在赭红色的崖壁上，伸出左手从挂在腰间的粉袋中沾了些镁粉．探臂继续向上攀去，他的身后是湛蓝的天空，脚下是起伏的大地，当经过一个冒险的跳跃之后．他终于攀上了悬崖的顶端，转身看着刚被自己征服的峭壁，欣赏着大自然的壮美，阿汤哥灿烂地笑了……这是好菜坞大片《碟中谍2》中一开始的经典镜头，为了这组镜头，我买了张DVD影碟不厌其烦地看．我爱死了他那强健的臂膀和自信的笑容．也因此多了“攀岩”这项爱好     

Differences in white-nonwhite community mental health center service utilization patterns

Routinely collected computerized data were used to study the process of service delivery in terms of admission patterns, type and quantity of services rendered, and status at termination for whites and nonwhites in two community mental health centers. Social area analysis techniques were employed to control for socio-economic status, ethnicity and life style variables, and an epidemiologic model was used to analyze admission and service delivery rate differences. It was found that nonwhite admission rates were at least twice as great as white rates. Service delivery rates to the population at large were considerably greater for nonwhites than for whites. Delivery of direct services within the centers differed for whites and nonwhites, but no consistent trends emerged when types and amounts of services rendered were analyzed, controlling for sex, ethnicity, age, diagnosis and social area. Disruption of care indices were greater for nonwhites than for whites. Highlighted were some of the complexities involved in interpreting results of utilization studies.     

Culinary culture and globalization: an analysis of British and German Michelin-starred restaurants

The high-end restaurant segment in Britain and Germany has long been shaped by the cultural hegemony of French haute cuisine, perpetuated by multiple processes, including the influence of the Michelin or Red Guide. Traditionally, this hegemony has been expressed in the prevalence of French expatriate chefs, culinary techniques and style and even restaurant culture. This paper investigates whether processes of globalization have weakened or even undermined this French cultural dominance in fine-dining restaurants and their culinary culture. To this end, the study identifies the various forms taken by globalization processes in this industry segment and then assesses their impact on the dominance of the French paradigm of culinary culture. The investigation focuses on British and German Michelin-starred restaurants, underlining both commonalities and divergences in the process of interaction between French, global and local influences. The study employs a qualitative method, using a number of case studies to discern cross-industry patterns. All chefs with two or three stars in the two countries, i.e. 45 chefs, were selected for the analysis of their cuisine.     

云计算商业模式的演进及优化研究

信息化是一个复杂、系统、多方位的长期战略过程,既涉及到信息技术创新与应用又涉及到管理变革,既有宏观战略又有微观应用,云计算已经成为国内、外实施信息化的重要领域,以及各行各业实施信息化的重要途径与手段,对国家信息化战略实施具有重要影响。在此背景下,本文通过对云计算及其商业模式的研究,阐述了云计算商业模式的演进过程,演进过程中存在的问题,提出了优化云计算商业模式的一些对策。笔者希望通过研究云计算商业模式及其优化,有助于提高云计算应用效益,提高各领域信息化发展水平,以促进产业转型升级,推进我国信息化发展进程。     

浅谈初中数学小组合作的有效实施

有效的数学合作学习应该通过教师的"导"来教给学生一些最基本的合作技能和合作方法,激发学生的合作兴趣;让学生在真正意义上根据需要进行合作。