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961.
Aaron M. McCright 《Population and environment》2010,32(1):66-87
This study tests theoretical arguments about gender differences in scientific knowledge and environmental concern using 8 years
of Gallup data on climate change knowledge and concern in the US general public. Contrary to expectations from scientific
literacy research, women convey greater assessed scientific knowledge of climate change than do men. Consistent with much
existing sociology of science research, women underestimate their climate change knowledge more than do men. Also, women express
slightly greater concern about climate change than do men, and this gender divide is not accounted for by differences in key
values and beliefs or in the social roles that men and women differentially perform in society. Modest yet enduring gender
differences on climate change knowledge and concern within the US general public suggest several avenues for future research,
which are explored in the conclusion. 相似文献
962.
C.-Y. Cynthia Lin 《Population and environment》2010,31(4):255-281
This article examines whether natural disasters affect fertility—a topic little explored but of policy importance given relevance
to policies regarding disaster insurance, foreign aid, and the environment. The identification strategy uses historic regional
data to exploit natural variation within each of two countries: one European country—Italy (1820–1962), and one Asian country—Japan
(1671–1965). The choice of study settings allows consideration of Jones’ (The European miracle, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1981) theory that preindustrial differences in income and population between Asia and Europe resulted from the
fertility response to different environmental risk profiles. According to the results, short-run instability, particularly
that arising from the natural environment, appears to be associated with a decrease in fertility—thereby suggesting that environmental
shocks and economic volatility are associated with a decrease in investment in the population size of future generations.
The results also show that, contrary to Jones’ (The European miracle, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981) theory,
differences in fertility between Italy and Japan cannot be explained away by disaster proneness alone. Research on the effects
of natural disasters may enable social scientists and environmentalists alike to better predict the potential effects of the
increase in natural disasters that may result from global climate change. 相似文献
963.
The Japanese system of school–work has been widely admired for the strong communication and recruitment relationships that exist between high schools and employers. We develop a framework for understanding the macro-level conditions that fostered the effectiveness of the system up until the early 1990s. These conditions included a stratified secondary educational system, a large supply of high-quality high school graduates, and high demand for young workers to fill entry-level positions in the internal labor markets of large firms. We use original data from a sample of urban high schools to analyze how Japanese employers’ recruitment patterns changed in the 1990s and beyond. The results of that analysis and a counterfactual analysis suggest that recent changes, especially in Japanese employment institutions, have significantly weakened high school–employer relationships. We suggest implications of the Japanese case for school–work processes in other postindustrial societies. 相似文献
964.
While a growing literature demonstrates the impact of socio-political factors on citizens’ quality of life, scholars have
paid comparatively little attention to the role political organizations such as labor unions play in this regard. We examine
labor organization as a determinant of cross-national variation in life satisfaction across a sample of advanced industrial
polities. Our findings strongly suggest that unions increase the life satisfaction of citizens, and that that this effect
holds for non-union members as well. Moreover, we also find that labor organization has the strongest impact on the subjective
well-being of citizens with lower incomes. We confirm these hypotheses using both individual and aggregate-level data from
fourteen nations. We show these relationships to have an independent and separable impact from other economic, political,
and cultural determinants. The implications for the study of life satisfaction and of labor unions as political actors in
general are discussed. 相似文献
965.
The aims of this investigation were (1) to measure the impact of arts-related activities on the perceived quality of life
of a representative sample of British Columbians aged 18 years or more in the spring of 2007, and (2) to compare the findings
of this study with those of a sample of 1,027 adults drawn from five B.C. communities (Comox Valley, Kamloops, Nanaimo, Port
Moody and Prince George) in the fall of 2006. Seven hundred and eight British Columbians responded to a mailed out questionnaire,
and the working data set was weighted by age and education to match the 2006 census statistics for the province, yielding
a fairly representative sample. Speaking quite generally, about 62.0% of the results for the two samples are very similar.
In particular, in both surveys we found that (a) among arts-related activities in which people participate relatively infrequently
(i.e., participation is counted in times per year rather than in hours per week), live theatre is supreme in the strength of its positive correlation with respondents’ perceived quality of life measured
in 7 different ways, and (b) compared to 4 demographic variables (age, education, household income and body mass index), household
income had the highest average, positive correlation with 7 different measures of respondents’ overall life assessments, namely,
self-assessed general health, satisfaction with life as a whole (single item), happiness, satisfaction with the quality of
life, satisfaction with life as a whole (5-item index), contentment with life (5-item index) and subjective wellbeing (4-item
index). Different results were found in the province-wide versus the five-communities survey for the following, among other
things, (a) compared to all 7 life assessment measures, for the province, satisfaction with the quality of life and happiness
had the largest number of significant correlations with arts-related activities measured in hours per week engaged, while for the five communities, the single measure of satisfaction with the quality of life had the largest number
of significant correlations, and (b) For the province, compared to all 7 life assessment measures, satisfaction with the quality
of life had the largest number of significant correlations with arts-related activities measured in times per year engaged; for the five communities, compared to all 7 life assessment measures, self-assessed general health had the largest
number of significant correlations with arts-related activities measured in times per year engaged. 相似文献
966.
In the last decade the Maltese population has seen an influx of overseas-born individuals. This has been largely due to Malta’s
access to the European Union and the increased intake of refugee immigrants. These immigration trends have resulted in changes
in population composition, with the overseas-born population increasing from 17,740 (4.7%) in 1995 to 24,560 (6.1%) in 2005.
There has also been an increase in the proportion of births registered in Malta to overseas citizens, including citizens of
non-EU Europe (1.1%); the African continent (1.5%); America (0.3%); and Asia (0.8%). About ten per cent of marriages in Malta
are between a Maltese spouse and a foreigner. The data suggest that the Maltese population is slowly becoming more cosmopolitan,
a trend that is gradually changing the ethnic composition of the Maltese community. 相似文献
967.
Alun C. Jackson Darren Pennay Nicki A. Dowling Bernadette Coles-Janess Darren R. Christensen 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2014,30(2):291-307
Gambling prevalence studies are typically conducted within a single (landline) telephone sampling frame. This practice continues, despite emerging evidence that significant differences exist between landline and mobile (cell) phone only households. This study utilised a dual-frame (landline and mobile) telephone sampling methodology to cast light on the extent of differences across groups of respondents in respect to demographic, health, and gambling characteristics. A total of 2,014 participants from across Australian states and territories ranging in age from 18 to 96 years participated. Interviews were conducted using computer assisted telephone interviewing technology where 1,012 respondents from the landline sampling frame and 1,002 from the mobile phone sampling frame completed a questionnaire about gambling and other health behaviours. Responses across the landline sampling frame, the mobile phone sampling frame, and the subset of the mobile phone sampling frame that possessed a mobile phone only (MPO) were contrasted. The findings revealed that although respondents in the landline sample (62.7 %) did not significantly differ from respondents in the mobile phone sample (59.2 %) in gambling participation in the previous 12 months, they were significantly more likely to have gambled in the previous 12 months than the MPO sample (56.4 %). There were no significant differences in internet gambling participation over the previous 12 months in the landline sample (4.7 %), mobile phone sample (4.7 %) and the MPO sample (5.0 %). However, endorsement of lifetime problem gambling on the NODS-CLiP was significantly higher within the mobile sample (10.7 %) and the MPO sample (14.8 %) than the landline sample (6.6 %). Our research supports previous findings that reliance on a traditional landline telephone sampling approach effectively excludes distinct subgroups of the population from being represented in research findings. Consequently, we suggest that research best practice necessitates the use of a dual-frame sampling methodology. Despite inherent logistical and cost issues, this approach needs to become the norm in gambling survey research. 相似文献
968.
Maria João Kaizeler Horácio C. Faustino Rafael Marques 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2014,30(3):729-736
In sum, this paper examines the core determinants of lottery sales in Portugal. With panel data analysis covering 18 Portuguese districts and 5 years, this study explains the variations in a district’s per-capita lottery sales in terms of key theoretical hypotheses such as per capita district income, age, education index, gender and religion. This paper concludes that the richer Portuguese districts spend more than the poorer districts and there is an inverted-U relationship between lottery sales and per capita income. The paper also concludes that married Catholic citizens spend more on lottery products than others and that the level of education returns a negative effect on lottery spending. 相似文献
969.
The paper explores diglossic relations between Central Thai and phasa isan, a variety officially known as a dialect of Thai, but linguistically close to Lao. Phasa isan is spoken by almost one‐third of Thailand's population but its speakers in the Northeast are often stigmatized as uneducated and backward. We conducted field research mainly among university students in Ubon Ratchathani, a northeastern border province, by drawing upon data from survey questionnaires, reflective essays, interviews, and field observations. The findings suggest a transitional diglossic relationship in which Central Thai is the High and phasa isan the Low variety. These relationships are discussed in terms of nationalism, social hierarchy, and language maintenance and shift. 相似文献
970.
The effect of homelessness on the psychological and physical health of women is damaging and long lasting. Understanding of the personal factors that enable homeless women to secure employment and re-enter mainstream society is of utmost importance. A sample of homeless women residing in a US Midwestern nonprofit treatment and transitional living shelter for homeless women and their children were surveyed regarding the extent to which life satisfaction, social self-efficacy, and hopeful thinking predicted women's expected capabilities to obtain employment above and beyond social support provisions, while controlling for participants' age, ethnicity, and education level. Findings failed to reveal that social psychological (i.e., life satisfaction and social self-efficacy) and intrapersonal (i.e., hope) variables predicted homeless women's job procurement self-efficacy above and beyond perceived social support. The social support provision of social integration and younger age significantly predicted women's self-efficacy to secure employment. Implications of results for social justice initiatives and interventions are discussed. 相似文献