儒学对于建构和谐世界的意义——中国孔子基金会“儒学与和谐世界研讨会”论要

儒学能用于建设和谐世界的资源主要有仁、中、和、大同、天下为公等等。本次会议对此有全面的论述,值得注意的论点有:仁是和谐的立足点和出发点;中道在全球有普适价值;以力才能“致中”,以增强综合国力为前提才能真正达到世界“中和”;儒学可称作是一种秩序的和平学说;坚持和而不同是建构和谐世界的总的原则;天下为公才能天下太平;儒学思想资源要向世界推广,应当深入了解东西方思想的结构性差异,敢于用我们自己的话语结构去谈论现代问题,建立国际文化互信机制。     

Do poor people have a stronger relationship between income and mortality than the rich? Implications of panel data for health-health analysis

Articles developing health-health analysis have used the observation that richer people tend to face reduced mortality risk to estimate the break-even cost per life saved of health regulations. If government requires that the private sector spend more than this break-even cutoff, the risk of dying due to reduced health investment is increased by more than it will be reduced by the direct action of the health regulation. We use panel data to suggest that the relationship between income and the probability of death is greater for poor people than for the rich. As a consequence, break-even cutoffs are roughly twice as large for the richest 20% of the population than they are for the poorest 20%. The nonlinearity in the income-to-mortality linkage also implies that income transfers between income groups which are ignored in traditional cost-benefit analysis will affect the conclusions of health-health analysis significantly.     

Letters to the editor

This article proposes that an assessment of commercial feasibility should be integrated as a prerequisite for human clinical testing to improve the quality and relevance of materials being investigated, as an ethical aspect for human subject protection, and as a means of improving accountability where clinical development is funded on promises of successful translational research. A commercial feasibility analysis is not currently required to justify human clinical testing, but is assumed to have been conducted by industry participants, and use of public funds for clinical trials should be defensible in the same manner. Plant-made vaccines (PMVs) are offered in this discussion as a model for evaluating the relevance of commercial feasibility before human clinical testing. PMVs have been proposed as a potential solution for global health, based on a vision of immunizing the world against many infectious diseases. Such a vision depends on translating current knowledge in plant science and immunology into a potent vaccine that can be readily manufactured and distributed to those in need. But new biologics such as PMVs may fail to be manufactured due to financial or logistical reasons—particularly for orphan diseases without sufficient revenue incentive for industry investment—regardless of the effectiveness which might be demonstrated in human clinical testing. Moreover, all potential instruments of global health depend on translational agents well beyond the lab in order to reach those in need. A model comprising five criteria for commercial feasibility is suggested for inclusion by regulators and ethics review boards as part of the review process prior to approval of human clinical testing. Use of this model may help to facilitate safe and appropriate translational research and bring more immediate benefits to those in need.     

符合二胎政策妇女的生育意愿和生育行为差异——基于计划行为理论的实证研究

文章通过对"江苏省群众生育意愿和生育行为调查"的2007年基线和2010年跟踪数据中符合生育二胎政策妇女的分析,从社会心理学入手,以计划行为理论为支撑,重新架构生育意愿到生育行为的理论框架,从微观视角来研究当政策赋予人们生育二胎权利时,妇女生育意愿和生育行为之间的差异及其影响因素。研究结果表明,该地区符合生育二胎政策的妇女中,四成妇女的生育意愿高于生育行为,六成妇女的生育意愿等于生育行为,尚没有妇女的生育意愿低于生育行为。当的确面临是否生育二胎的选择时,妇女会进行理性考虑,生育态度、主观规范和行为控制都对生育意愿和生育行为的差异产生显著影响。同时,生育计划的制定是实现生育意愿的重要推动力。     

Saudization (Localization) – A critical review

Abstract

This paper introduces the concept of Saudization and critically reviews its existing and potential impacts and consequences. It identifies that Saudization has positively contributed to reducing the overall percentage of foreign labor. However, there have been some difficulties, such as a decline in competitiveness among regional business companies with respect to a business friendly environment, and reduced direct foreign investment, which influenced the reduction of the tax on foreign investors. Saudization should place importance on skill development among Saudi nationals by strengthening educational and vocational training, and providing time-specific incentives, rather than relying only on a quota system. Saudization should be implemented more through market forces and incentives. Collecting comprehensive information on the nature and magnitude of Saudi unemployment could be a first step in developing appropriate Saudization policies. This paper suggests appropriate coordination and consultation between the government, the private sector and the public at large, so that any policies on Saudization become more easily acceptable and executable in both the public and private sector.     

A Review of: “Online Social Support: The Interplay of Social Networks and Computer-mediated Communication By A. Bambina.”

Abstract

ENVISIONING INFORMATION, Edward R. Tufte, Graphics Press. Box 430, Cheshire, CT 06410, 128 pages. Cloth bound. $48.00 postpaid from publisher. Reviewed by Michael G. Petree Topeka.     

A National Study of the Field Liaison Role in Social Work Education Programs in the United States and Puerto Rico

This study investigates the liaison role in social work field education from the perspective of those presently working in that capacity at both the undergraduate and graduate levels from the United States and Puerto Rico (N?=?408). On average, undergraduate liaisons have more years of liaison experience, are more likely to be full‐time status, spend less time driving to sites, and devote more overall time to the role. Undergraduate program liaisons spend less time on problems and rate the quality of sites, field instructors, and overall levels of learning higher than graduate programs. Undergraduate liaisons report more institutional support, a higher level of value for field education in the curriculum, and a higher level of satisfaction with their liaison roles than graduate program liaisons.