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121.
This article considers Bayesian inference in the interval constrained normal linear regression model. Whereas much of the
previous literature has concentrated on the case where the prior constraint is correctly specified, our framework explicitly
allows for the possibility of an invalid constraint. We adopt a non-informative prior and uncertainty concerning the interval
restriction is represented by two prior odds ratios. The sampling theoretic risk of the resulting Bayesian interval pre-test
estimator is derived, illustrated and explored.
The authors are grateful to the editor and the referee for their helpful comments. 相似文献
122.
Raymond L. Chambers Alan H. Dorfman & Suojin Wang 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》1998,60(2):397-411
Analysts of survey data are often interested in modelling the population process, or superpopulation, that gave rise to a 'target' set of survey variables. An important tool for this is maximum likelihood estimation. A survey is said to provide limited information for such inference if data used in the design of the survey are unavailable to the analyst. In this circumstance, sample inclusion probabilities, which are typically available, provide information which needs to be incorporated into the analysis. We consider the case where these inclusion probabilities can be modelled in terms of a linear combination of the design and target variables, and only sample values of these are available. Strict maximum likelihood estimation of the underlying superpopulation means of these variables appears to be analytically impossible in this case, but an analysis based on approximations to the inclusion probabilities leads to a simple estimator which is a close approximation to the maximum likelihood estimator. In a simulation study, this estimator outperformed several other estimators that are based on approaches suggested in the sampling literature. 相似文献
123.
The themed restaurant is an example of a process of theming which is characteristic of many of the leisure experiences of contemporary society. This paper seeks to trace the origins and prototypes of the themed restaurant to provide a typology of theming devices and to offer an analysis of theming strategies. The various perspectives on theming as a cultural device are discussed, and the concept of quasification is introduced in order to advance our theoretical understanding of the theming process in its broader cultural context. Specifically, it is argued that the techniques of quasification entail the active and knowing involvement of both those who engineer themed settings and those who purchase participation in them. Late modernity, it is argued, has an unprecedented capacity for creating quasified experiences as antidotes to the tedium of its mundane everyday settings. 相似文献
124.
125.
Alan Matthews 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2002,20(1):75-90
Four themes in the developing countries’ position are highlighted. (i) They are seeking meaningful improvements in market access for their agricultural exports. (ii) They have highlighted the asymmetry of current WTO obligations under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, and are seeking greater equality of outcomes in the new round. (iii) Meaningful concessions on special and differential treatment will be necessary to satisfy the interests of both exporters and importers, especially on the scope to be allowed for tariff protection to domestic food production. (iv) Innovative and reliable guarantees will need to be provided to the least developed food importers to protect them against the risk of world price volatility. 相似文献
126.
The intention of this article is to highlight sources of web-based reference material and software that will aid consulting statisticians when designing clinical trials. The article includes websites that provide links to explanation of statistical concepts for non-statisticians, regulatory guidelines, and free statistical study design software. 相似文献
127.
Results of a survey sent to members of the editorial boards of five behavior-analytic journals in 1990 indicated that there was no consensus among respondents with respect to whether delayed events can function as reinforcers (Schlinger, Blakely, Fillhard, & Poling, 1991). Since that time, several studies with nonhuman animals have demonstrated that events delayed by at least several seconds can increase the probability of occurrence of the responses that produce them. To determine the relative number of contemporary behavior analysts who nonetheless believe that reinforcers must immediately follow the responses that produce them, the present study replicated the procedures used by Schlinger et al., with similar results. That is, respondents did not agree with respect to whether delayed events could be reinforcers. 相似文献
128.
Statistical agencies have conflicting obligations to protect confidential information provided by respondents to surveys or censuses and to make data available for research and planning activities. When the microdata themselves are to be released, in order to achieve these conflicting objectives, statistical agencies apply statistical disclosure limitation (SDL) methods to the data, such as noise addition, swapping or microaggregation. Some of these methods do not preserve important structure and constraints in the data, such as positivity of some attributes or inequality constraints between attributes. Failure to preserve constraints is not only problematic in terms of data utility, but also may increase disclosure risk.In this paper, we describe a method for SDL that preserves both positivity of attributes and the mean vector and covariance matrix of the original data. The basis of the method is to apply multiplicative noise with the proper, data-dependent covariance structure. 相似文献
129.
Jihnhee Yu Albert Vexler Seong‐Eun Kim Alan D. Hutson 《Revue canadienne de statistique》2011,39(4):671-689
The median is a commonly used parameter to characterize biomarker data. In particular, with two vastly different underlying distributions, comparing medians provides different information than comparing means; however, very few tests for medians are available. We propose a series of two‐sample median‐specific tests using empirical likelihood methodology and investigate their properties. We present the technical details of incorporating the relevant constraints into the empirical likelihood function for in‐depth median testing. An extensive Monte Carlo study shows that the proposed tests have excellent operating characteristics even under unfavourable occasions such as non‐exchangeability under the null hypothesis. We apply the proposed methods to analyze biomarker data from Western blot analysis to compare normal cells with bronchial epithelial cells from a case–control study. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 39: 671–689; 2011. © 2011 Statistical Society of Canada 相似文献
130.
Current methods of testing the equality of conditional correlations of bivariate data on a third variable of interest (covariate) are limited due to discretizing of the covariate when it is continuous. In this study, we propose a linear model approach for estimation and hypothesis testing of the Pearson correlation coefficient, where the correlation itself can be modeled as a function of continuous covariates. The restricted maximum likelihood method is applied for parameter estimation, and the corrected likelihood ratio test is performed for hypothesis testing. This approach allows for flexible and robust inference and prediction of the conditional correlations based on the linear model. Simulation studies show that the proposed method is statistically more powerful and more flexible in accommodating complex covariate patterns than the existing methods. In addition, we illustrate the approach by analyzing the correlation between the physical component summary and the mental component summary of the MOS SF-36 form across a fair number of covariates in the national survey data. 相似文献