Growing Up Where ‘No One Looked Like Me’: Gender,Race, Hip Hop and Identity in Vancouver

This paper examines how youth whose parents came from sub-Saharan Africa negotiate racialized forms of masculinity and femininity in Vancouver, Canada. The study is based on interviews with second generation African-Canadian men and women, and explores gendered and racialized dimensions of growing up in neighbourhoods where they were usually the only African and Black children. In this context, the second generation engages with representations of Black masculinity and femininity widely circulated through American popular culture, especially through hip hop, constituting a dominant frame of reference among adolescents that contributes to the great popularity of African-Canadian teenage boys, while girls find it much harder to fit in.     

Multilevel Mixed Linear Models for Survival Data

For the analysis of correlated survival data mixed linear models are useful alternatives to frailty models. By their use the survival times can be directly modelled, so that the interpretation of the fixed and random effects is straightforward. However, because of intractable integration involved with the use of marginal likelihood the class of models in use has been severely restricted. Such a difficulty can be avoided by using hierarchical-likelihood, which provides a statistically efficient and fast fitting algorithm for multilevel models. The proposed method is illustrated using the chronic granulomatous disease data. A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performance.     

云南少数民族体育产业发展进程探索

本文认为,从继承和创新的角度看民族体育的发展,最有效的方法是,通过挖掘、整理、改造、开发使之走向产业发展的道路.这样的发展思路既符合民族文化大省的需要,又符合寻找特色产业的需要.     

九叶诗人的语言建构

九叶诗人是1945-1949年间出现的一群诗歌探索者.其诗歌语言陌生化、词序颠倒、割裂、错位等方面有突出风格,是中国现代诗坛中西文化较好的结合的一束绿叶.     

Empirical evidence on internal control systems and corporate governance in Italy

The Corporate Governance (CG) theme has recently been the subject of significant measures to try to restore confidence among investors by encouraging information and communication transparency. The Italian Parliament approved Law 262 in 2005; and in 2006 the CG Committee of the Italian Stock Exchange approved the new Self-Regulatory Code for listed companies. This paper deals with control matters and moves on to causes and cases of their failures in relation to a sample of Italian companies. More precisely, it investigates, through an empirical survey, the main limits and areas for improvement in the working of company Internal Control (IC) system(s) and in the objectives of the role of the three main professional bodies currently in charge of it in Italy (i.e. Internal Auditing, Statutory Auditors and External Auditors). The results obtained show that the Italian situation is very unusual, due to a long tradition: the possibility to choose between different administration and control systems, often with coexisting and overlapping roles, creates problems in terms of responsibility and control. The first answers to the critical issues highlighted are given by the aforementioned laws, intended as the main catalysts for a review of the roles of all IC bodies. However, much work has still to be done. The final aim was to come up with suggestions about the possibility of finding areas for improvement within those companies’ IC systems.     

Nonparametric models and their estimation

Summary Nonparametric models have become more and more popular over the last two decades. One reason for their popularity is software availability, which easily allows to fit smooth but otherwise unspecified functions to data. A benefit of the models is that the functional shape of a regression function is not prespecified in advance, but determined by the data. Clearly this allows for more insight which can be interpreted on a substance matter level. This paper gives an overview of available fitting routines, commonly called smoothing procedures. Moreover, a number of extensions to classical scatterplot smoothing are discussed, with examples supporting the advantages of the routines.     

Parental Housing Assistance and Parent‐Child Proximity in Italy

Many studies of intergenerational exchanges include parent‐child proximity as an exogenous explanatory variable. Proximity may itself be a consequence of intergenerational resource flows, however. We analyze patterns of economic transfers between generations and their relationship to parent‐child proximity in Italy. Parental support for a child's home purchase may influence the child's choice of location, whether to facilitate parent‐child contacts, grandchild care, or parent care. We examine the situation of married couples, focusing on housing help received and the association of that help with proximity to each spouse's parents. Using 1998 survey data and multinomial logistic regression models, we find that past housing assistance has a significant effect on current proximity to each spouse's parents, controlling for parents' survival, family composition, and other factors.     

Localizing ruptures in block stochastic systems

Summary In the present paper, rupture detection in a possibly complex stochastic system is enhanced by means of a procedure for localizing the actual rupture among various possible sources. A general model is considered which includes a variety oflinear and non-linear innovation based models. The proposed localizing multiple comparison procedure satisfiescoherence andconsonance and, for a wide class of models, strongly controls the familywise error i.e. the various type I error probabilities involved. The first order autoregressive optimal control model is considered as a popular example. Montecarlo simulations are performed to evaluate asymptotic approximations and diagnostic performances by means of mean time of delay and mean time between false alarms. Some conjectures are then given on the possible structure of these indicators.