也谈许敬宗篡改唐代实录、国史问题

许敬宗是唐太宗、高宗时期的著名宰相和史官,曾经领导和参与了唐朝国史、实录等多种史书的修撰.对其修史,前人一向评价不高,认为虚美隐恶、曲事删改,违背了史学家直书实录的职业道德,但近来也有学者提出质疑,企图为许敬宗洗刷、开脱.本文则认为,无论从唐朝实录、国史修撰史和许敬宗个人品质来看,抑或从史料证据来看,许敬宗之篡改唐代实录、国史都很难否定.许敬宗篡改实录、国史之所以特别引人注目,与唐朝的政治现实、尤其与唐高宗关系至密.     

戏剧主题论

戏剧主题可看作由“中心思想”、“母题”和“题材主体”这三个层次所构成的结构性概念。若按顺序观察，该三个子概念之间显现出越来越具体化与客观化的特性。中心思想是作品中包含着的相当抽象的对“世界”与“存在”所提出的“问题”与“解答”；母题指的是作品中众多复杂的人物和情节中所提炼出来的较小的具体单位；题材则是在作品之前即存在着的同人类生活息息相关的完整而清晰的故事线索。它们分别拥有不同的结构功能。     

HIGHLY INTERACTIVE TUTORIAL DISTANCE LEARNING

This commentary argues for a new perspective on distance education - one that is based on advances in interactive learning, rather than one-way delivery that is encouraged too often by the design of web-based courses. Tutorial approaches to education are highly effective and new media can bring critical aspects of tutorial approaches to more students than ever before possible.     

Der Einsatz von Missing Data Techniken in der Arbeitsmarktforschung des IAB

Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag gibt einen überblick über aktuelle Forschungsprojekte des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), die sich alle auf unterschiedliche Weise mit der Behebung von Problemen mit Missing Data befassen. Hierzu geh?ren einerseits Projekte, die Stichproben verwenden wie das IAB-Betriebspanel, die IAB-Besch?ftigtenstichprobe oder die Erhebung der offenen Stellen, die entweder wie alle Stichprobenerhebungen durch Antwortausf?lle beeintr?chtigt sind oder aber zensierte Beobachtungen aufweisen. Auf der anderen Seite z?hlen hierzu Forschungsprojekte, die versuchen, unterschiedliche Datengrundlagen vereinbar zu machen, die auf verschiedenen regionalen oder klassifikatorischen Abgrenzungen beruhen. Au?erdem wird das Projekt TrEffeR des IAB und der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) vorgestellt, das der oft ausgesprochenen Forderung gerecht wird, die Ma?nahmen der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik auf breiter Basis zu evaluieren, und diese Erkenntnisse für das operative Gesch?ft der BA nutzbar macht.     

科技期刊改革中编辑素质的重要性分析

分析科技期刊改革中编辑素质对编辑职业整体的影响,认为编辑在改革中的地位是由编辑整体的职业影响力决定的,编辑在改革中主体作用的发挥是期刊改革的推动力,编辑素质的提高、编辑职业影响力的强化是科技期刊改革强有力的保障。     

Perceived Skin Tone Discrimination Across Contexts: African American Women’s Reports

There is a void in empirical research that examines African American women’s self-reported skin tone discrimination from out-groups (e.g., whites) and in-groups (blacks). We analyzed data of women from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds in the nationally representative National Survey of American Life (N = 1653). Light-skinned women reported less out-group colorism, and light-, medium-, and dark-skinned women with higher self-mastery perceived lower out-group colorism. Medium-skinned women perceived less in-group colorism, while dark-skinned women perceived more in-group and out-group colorism than counterparts. Implications for intergroup and intragroup race relations as well as well-being are discussed.     

Police Endorse Color-Blind Racial Beliefs More Than Laypersons

Racial disparities in the US criminal justice system (CJS) have been extensively documented in scholarly work. Critical race scholars have suggested that color-blind racial attitudes inform the set of beliefs that CJS practitioners use in decision making. If this is the case, factors that are related to color-blind racial attitude trends in CJS practitioners must be better understood. We focus on a single CJS practitioner—the police—to assess their color-blind racial beliefs and compare these to the broader US public. Using the Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS), we identified sociodemographic variables associated with high CoBRAS scores in a multiracial lay sample (N = 1401; males and females, mean age = 33.4 years). Police (N = 112) and police recruits (N = 52) CoBRAS scores were compared to CoBRAS scores of lay participants with similar sociodemographics as the police and recruit samples, (respectively, N = 451; N = 291). Police scored significantly higher on the CoBRAS than laypersons even when controlling for sociodemographic variables. Police recruits also have higher CoBRAS scores than laypersons, again controlling for sociodemographic variables. These findings suggest that police work attracts people who endorse color-blind racial beliefs. These findings make understanding the relationship between color-blind racial beliefs and discriminatory behavior of CJS practitioners imperative.