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221.
Alvin E. Roth 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2002,70(4):1341-1378
Economists have lately been called upon not only to analyze markets, but to design them. Market design involves a responsibility for detail, a need to deal with all of a market's complications, not just its principle features. Designers therefore cannot work only with the simple conceptual models used for theoretical insights into the general working of markets. Instead, market design calls for an engineering approach. Drawing primarily on the design of the entry level labor market for American doctors (the National Resident Matching Program), and of the auctions of radio spectrum conducted by the Federal Communications Commission, this paper makes the case that experimental and computational economics are natural complements to game theory in the work of design. The paper also argues that some of the challenges facing both markets involve dealing with related kinds of complementarities, and that this suggests an agenda for future theoretical research. 相似文献
222.
Abstract This paper provides a critical review of the development of the disabled people’s movement in South Korea since 1945, reflecting both its achievements and the obstacles it has faced. In particular, political positions and responses to the movement’s agitation against socio-cultural discrimination and inequality are discussed. Further, three key theoretical foundations of the movement are examined in order to describe the diversity inherent therein. This paper concludes that the disabled people’s movement has heavily influenced the values, norms, and systems of Korean society, but it has predominantly focused on integrating disability issues into policy and legislation, not on changing society and culture. Hence, the Korean Disabled People’s Movement is currently facing many challenges that are major threats towards its future development. 相似文献
223.
224.
Task Analysis for Industrial Work Process from Aspects of Human Reliability and System Safety 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In the design, development, and manufacturing stage of industrial products, engineers usually focus on the problems caused by hardware or software, but pay less attention to problems caused by human error, which may significantly affect system reliability and safety. Although operating procedures are strictly followed, human error still may occur occasionally. Among the influencing factors, the inappropriate design of standard operation procedure (SOP) or standard assembly procedure (SAP) is an important and latent reason for unexpected results found during human operation. To reduce the error probability and error effects of these unexpected behaviors in the industrial work process, overall evaluation of SOP or SAP quality has become an essential task. The human error criticality analysis (HECA) method was developed to identify the potentially critical problems caused by human error in the human operation system. This method performs task analysis on the basis of operation procedure. For example, SOP, analyzes the human error probability (HEP) for each human operation step, and assesses its error effects to the whole system. The results of the analysis will show the interrelationship that exists between critical human tasks, critical human error modes, and human reliability information of the human operation system. To identify the robustness of the model, a case study of initiator assembly tasks was conducted. Results show that the HECA method is practicable in evaluating the operation procedure, and the information is valuable in identifying the means to upgrade human reliability and system safety for human tasks. 相似文献
225.
While analyzing 2 × 2 contingency tables, the log odds ratio for measuring the strength of association is often approximated
by a normal distribution with some variance. We show that the expression of that variance needs to be modified in the presence
of correlation between two binomial distributions of the contingency table. In the present paper, we derive a correlation-adjusted
variance of the limiting normal distribution of log odds ratio. We also propose a correlation adjusted test based on the standard
odds ratio for analyzing matched-pair studies and any other study settings that induce correlated binary outcomes. We demonstrate
that our proposed test outperforms the classical McNemar’s test. Simulation studies show the gains in power are especially
manifest when sample size is small and strong correlation is present. Two examples of real data sets are used to demonstrate
that the proposed method may lead to conclusions significantly different from those reached using McNemar’s test. 相似文献
226.
Gerard J. Chang Fu-Loong Chen Lingling Huang Frank K. Hwang Su-Tzu Nuan Uriel G. Rothblum I-Fan Sun Jan-Wen Wang Hong-Gwa Yeh 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》1998,2(4):413-427
Consider the partition of a set of integers into parts. Various partition properties have been proposed in the literature to facilitate the restriction of the focus of attention to some small class of partitions. Recently, Hwang, Rothblum and Yao defined and studied the sortability of these partition properties as a tool to prove the existence of a partition with such a property in a given family. In this paper we determine the sortability indices of the seven most interesting properties of partitions providing a complete solution to the sortability issue. 相似文献
227.
If the capture probabilities in a capture‐recapture experiment depend on covariates, parametric models may be fitted and the population size may then be estimated. Here a semiparametric model for the capture probabilities that allows both continuous and categorical covariates is developed. Kernel smoothing and profile estimating equations are used to estimate the nonparametric and parametric components. Analytic forms of the standard errors are derived, which allows an empirical bias bandwidth selection procedure to be used to estimate the bandwidth. The method is evaluated in simulations and is applied to a real data set concerning captures of Prinia flaviventris, which is a common bird species in Southeast Asia. 相似文献
228.
Zheng-Feng Li Ruey-Chyi Hwang Chih-Tung Huang 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2010,4(3):419-432
Widely read in many areas, Professor David Bloor is arguably the pre-eminent authority in the field of STS (Science, Technology
and Society). Since his influential book, Knowledge and Social Imagery, was published in 1976, the Strong Programme and its four tenets have become widely known. Professor Bloor was a member of
the so-called Edinburgh School who proposed that scientific knowledge could not, and should not, be exempted from sociological
analysis. Inspired by Wittgenstein’s philosophy, Professor Bloor and his colleagues introduced the concept of finitism to
further explain why all knowledge claims are constructed in a specific social frame, to which sociologists have a lot to contribute.
Noting the special intellectual position of finitism, this interview started from this topic. We then moved onto the achievements
of the Strong Programme in the past 30 years. Professor Bloor also explained his recent work and the way STS beginners discover
meaningful case studies. We ended this interview by asking his suggestions toward the burgeoning STS field in East Asia. This
interview with Professor Bloor is a step toward a deeper understanding of the Edinburgh School. 相似文献
229.
Simultaneously testing a family of n null hypotheses can arise in many applications. A common problem in multiple hypothesis testing is to control Type-I error. The probability of at least one false rejection referred to as the familywise error rate (FWER) is one of the earliest error rate measures. Many FWER-controlling procedures have been proposed. The ability to control the FWER and achieve higher power is often used to evaluate the performance of a controlling procedure. However, when testing multiple hypotheses, FWER and power are not sufficient for evaluating controlling procedure’s performance. Furthermore, the performance of a controlling procedure is also governed by experimental parameters such as the number of hypotheses, sample size, the number of true null hypotheses and data structure. This paper evaluates, under various experimental settings, the performance of some FWER-controlling procedures in terms of five indices, the FWER, the false discovery rate, the false non-discovery rate, the sensitivity and the specificity. The results can provide guidance on how to select an appropriate FWER-controlling procedure to meet a study’s objective. 相似文献
230.
Steve H. Murdock Kenneth Backman Sean-Shong Hwang Rita R. Hamm 《Sociological inquiry》1991,61(4):491-504
Post-1980 internal migration patterns were unanticipated, and prevailing explanations of them fail to account for the effects of new international relationships. A human ecological theory is developed which suggests an explanation based on the sphere of sustenance activities in ecosystems and relative dominance in these activities. Larger net migration was expected for counties specialized in activities that operate in international ecosystems in which the United States is dominant and less in other types of counties. The results for post-1980 migration in United States counties support these expectations and the utility of an expanded human ecological perspective. 相似文献