Gender,Race/Ethnicity,and Deviant Drinking: A Longitudinal Application of Social Structure and Social Learning Theory

Aker's (1998) theory of social structure and social learning (SSSL) argues that structural variations in deviant behavior, such as gender or race/ethnic differences in underage or heavy drinking, are mediated by social learning variables. However, longitudinal analyses of deviant drinking in an urban sample of white, black, and Hispanic adolescents fail to support the SSSL mediation hypothesis. Significant gender and race/ethnic differences persist after controls for social learning variables as well as for social bonding variables. Interaction effects involving two social bonding variables—family attachment and moral belief—point to theoretically important conditions that maintain a gender gap in underage drinking and relatively low levels of deviant drinking among African American adolescents.     

Helmut K. Anheier and Stefan Toepler (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations -     

The importance of employee participation in determining pay system effectiveness

Managing pay systems is one of the most controversial and hotly debated areas of human resource management in which contingency theory approaches have dominated over the past few decades. The paper exposes the inadequacies of contingency approaches to pay system design and implementation and assesses the implications of more recent 'best practice' approaches, debating the role of pay within the HR bundle. It then reviews research evidence on the objectives and outcomes of different forms of variable pay, with close attention devoted to the role of employee participation in achieving pay system effectiveness. The significance of employee perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice is explored as a means of explaining why employee participation in pay system management appears to be such a critical success factor. The paper concludes by arguing that we need to move away from a fixation with 'best practice' to a focus on 'best process' as a lens through which to investigate the design, implementation and management of pay systems.     

Datenverfügbarkeit und Datenzugang am Forschungsdatenzentrum der Bundesagentur für Arbeit im Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung

Zusammenfassung: Die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) geh?rt zu den wichtigsten Produzenten statistischer Daten über den Arbeitsmarkt und die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Deutschland. Bislang bestand kein institutionalisierter Datenzugangsweg für Forschende au?erhalb des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB). Das Forschungsdatenzentrum (FDZ) der BA im IAB wurde mit dem Ziel eingerichtet, den Zugang zu den Daten der BA und des IAB für externe Forscher zu erschlie?en und systematisch auszubauen. In dem Beitrag beschreiben wir die im FDZ für die Fach?ffentlichkeit zug?nglich gemachten Daten der BA und des IAB sowie die verschiedenen Zugangsm?glichkeiten der wissenschaftlichen Forschung zu diesen Daten.

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Summary: The Federal Agency of Labour (BA) is one of the most important producers of offcial data on the labour market and the economic development in Germany. Until recently, there has been no institutionalized way of data access for researchers outside the Institute of Employment Research (IAB). The research data centre (FDZ) of the BA in the IAB has been established in order to develop and systematically extend the data access for scientists. In this paper we describe the data of the BA and the IAB which will be made accessible via the FDZ as well as the different modes of access to those data.

     

Persona‐based information shapes linguistic perception: Valley Girls and California vowels

This paper investigates the effect of persona‐based information on implicit linguistic perceptions of a sociolinguistic feature – the backed trap vowel. trap ‐backing is associated both with macro‐social region (California) and with a particular persona that inhabits this region (the Valley Girl). An eye‐tracking paradigm is used to examine these associations in early, automatic stages of perception. One group of listeners was told the speaker was from California, while another group was told that the speaker had been described as a Valley Girl. Findings demonstrate that both the California information and the Valley Girl information caused listeners to expect the speaker to exhibit trap ‐backing. While previous studies have highlighted the influence of macro‐sociological categories on linguistic perception, the present study suggests that persona‐based social meanings can also serve to influence perception, supporting theories that foreground personae as social constructs crucial to interaction.     

Book Review: Sigrid Betzelt and Rudolph Bauer,Nonprofit-Organisationen als Arbeitgeber,Leske+Budrich,Opladen, 2000, 116 pp.

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations -     

Revisiting Family of Origin in the Training of Family Therapists

Family of Origin exploration has had a controversial history in family therapy training. This article describes a process that aims to integrate family of origin work with skills development Co‐developed by a training group and their trainer, it builds on the existing approach at the Bouverie Centre in Melbourne. Family of origin work is clearly and practically linked with the enhancement of clinical skills, as argued for in the literature. Informed consent trust and safety are taken seriously, and negotiated within the training group. Trainee and trainer stories are included and the authors discuss the learning that resulted from asking trainees to present their family of origin to the group, including the unpredictable personal ramifications that inevitably occur in such processes.