Are They Frigid to the Economic Development? Reconsideration of the Economic Effect on Subjective Well-being in Japan

The question about the contribution of economic growth to subjective well-being has caused long-standing debate in the literature on subjective well-being, and Japan is often mentioned as a typical case of no contribution. With a careful examination of the survey text, nevertheless, this study provides a completely opposite result. In other words, the average score of subjective well-being is significantly associated with the level of national income per capita. The study also finds that not only the level of national income per capita but also its growth rate is a significant explanatory variable. However, it is also suggested that a structural subsidence of subjective well-being occurred in the late 1990s, when many Japanese people lost confidence in their traditional economic system.

Life table analysis of the green rice leafhopper,Nephotettix virescens (distant) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and efficient vector of rice tungro disease in asynchronous rice fields in Indonesia

Summary Population dynamics ofNephotettix virescens was studied in 17 paddy fields transplanted at intervals of about 1 month in 1988–1990. The adult density was highest either in the immigrant or the 1st generation and sharply decreased to the 2nd generation. The survival rate of the 1st generation was lowest in the transition season when areal population density increased. Key factor analysis revealed that the nymphal and adult mortality of the 1st generation (kn) was the principal source of population fluctuations. No significant correaltion was found between kn and natural enemy density, natural enemy density/healthy egg density, or the precipitation during the nymphal period. On these bases adult emigration was suspected to be the key factor. Areal population build-up ofN. virescens in the transition season was considered to occur as a result of increasing immigration to young stages of rice. Contribution from Indonesia-Japan Joint Program on Food Crop Protection (ATA 162), which was implemented by the Directorate of Food Crop Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia and Japan International Cooperation Agency, Japan.     

中国汽车产业与日本的经营

以沈阳为中心的中国东北地区,是近年来代表中国经济飞跃发展的主要工业地带,也是中国汽车产业的发祥地。中国不仅汽车市场潜力巨大,而且综合有效需求市场潜力也很大。未来的中国不仅会成为“世界工厂”,也会成为“世界市场”。对中国而言,汽车产业的发展不应是以模仿式的雁型经济发展模式,而应该是孵化型和贸易依托型。还必须以自己的力量开发制造自己的汽车,并以自己的力量开拓汽车销售市场。当务之急,更要研发环保型汽车。以终身雇佣、年功序列和企业内工会为三大支柱的日本式经营,是相互紧密结合的整体,并由此派生出了集团化经营的特点。今后,日本的汽车产业将继续创新经营管理秘诀和提供新的技术。     

Brief Report: Useful Information for Face Perception Is Described with FACS

When we perceive the emotions of other people, we extract much information from the face. The present experiment used FACS (Facial Action Coding System), which is an instrument that measures the magnitude of facial action from a neutral face to a changed, emotional face. Japanese undergraduates judged the emotion in pictures of 66 static Japanese male faces (11 static pictures for each of six basic expressions: happiness, surprise, fear, anger, sadness, and disgust), ranging from neutral faces to maximally expressed emotions. The stimuli had previously been scored with FACS and were presented in random order. A high correlation between the subjects' judgments of facial expressions and the FACS scores was found.     

THE EMERGENCE OF TRENDSETTERS FOR FASHIONS AND FADS:

Analyses of fads and fashions often note the importance of trendsetters whose early adoption of novelties provides an example for others to follow. However, trendsetting is usually taken for granted; there is no effort to explain why some groups assume fashion leadership. This article seeks to account for the rise of kogaru (stylish high-school girls) as trendsetters in 1990s Japan. We argue that trendsetting requires resources—particularly leisure time to devote to fashion, disposable income, and communication networks. Kogaru became trendsetters because they gained these resources at a time when the female college students who preceded them had less time for trendsetting, and when economic recession made inexpensive items of the sort kogaru could afford more desirable fashion objects. At the same time, new electronic technologies sped the flow of information among kogaru, while media coverage of this new social type gave kogaru visibility in the larger society.     

人权的尊重和抵抗主义——东西抵抗权论的各种形态和课题

一、问题所在:良心与不宽容有一个法学家叫拉德勃鲁赫,他反对纳粹主义,公然和希特勒政权作对。他持相对主义认识论的基本态度所做的一切,实际上都是致力于表现“对实践理性的最强诉求”这一相对主义的伦理观。针对纳粹主义,他主张“相对主义是普遍的宽容,但对‘不宽容’却不是宽容。这一主张非常有名。从这不宽容的主张里我们可以得出拉德勃鲁赫的立场“不是踌躇的相对主义,而是斗争的相对主义”。对主张自我价值观的绝对性,不允许价值观间的相互批评的独善态度,拉德勃鲁赫果敢而自信地与之进行了挑战。“相对主义就是在敢于向论敌那难以被…     

Causes of Civil War in Asia and Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Comparison*

Objectives. This article explores the extent to which economic development, ethnic and religious fractionalization, domestic governance, and international trade openness affect civil war in postcolonial Asia and Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) from 1950 through 1992. Methods. We estimate a set of multivariate logit models with the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method for time‐series cross‐sectional (TSCS) data. Results. Both in Asia and in SSA, civil war is less likely with increased economic development and trade openness, while mixed autocratic‐democratic regimes raise the likelihood that states will experience civil war. Although neither ethnic nor religious fractionalization has any statistically significant effect on civil war in SSA, civil war in Asia is more likely with greater ethnic fractionalization. Conclusions. Despite cross‐regional variation in causes of civil war, economic development and trade openness seem to play a consistent role in reducing civil war.     

东亚死刑废除论考

一、引言:人的尊严及相对无期徒刑联合国所通过的《旨在废除死刑的公民权利和政治权利国际公约第二款选择议定书》(IC-     

Exposure to sided media coverage of an organization,subsequent group conversations,and public relations outcomes

We experimentally found a negative effect of subsequent group conversations after media exposure on the audience's attitudes toward the covered organization, while we found sided media exposure to predict both attitudes and behavioral intentions relevant to the covered organization. The extent of conversational engagement immediately following media exposure also helped predict future word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions. These results highlight the roles of interpersonal interactions after media exposure to explain and predict public relations outcomes.