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591.
Immigrant earnings: Language skills, linguistic concentrations and the business cycle 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
This study of the determinants of earnings among adult foreign-born men using the 1990 Census of Population focuses on the
effects of the respondent's own English language skills, the effects of living in a linguistic concentration area, and the
effects of the stage of the business cycle at entry into the U.S. labor market. The analysis demonstrates the importance of
English language fluency among the foreign born from non-English speaking countries. There is also strong evidence for the
complementarity between language skills and other forms of human capital. Furthermore, there is strong evidence using selectivity
correction techniques for the endogeneity between language and earnings.
Received: 30 November 1999/Accepted: 6 February 2001 相似文献
592.
Barry Edmonston 《Population research and policy review》2006,25(5-6):513-545
The effects of changes in rates of mortality, fertility, and migration depend not only on the age-specific patterns and levels
of these rates, but on the age structure of the population. In order to remove the influences of the age structure and concentrate
on the effects of the demographic rates themselves, a common practice is to analyze the influences of the rates for a standard
age structure. This paper analyzes current and future population changes in Germany, using a stationary population equivalent
model (SPE) that shows long-term effects of current fertility, mortality, and international migration patterns. Results indicate
that the German population will eventually decline because of below replacement fertility, if net immigration does not counteract
this decrease. This means, for instance, that the long-term stationary population levels for Germany will decrease by approximately
6.5 million during a decade in which current fertility, mortality, and international migration levels prevail. The paper also
reports how various other assumptions for mortality, fertility, and international migration affect the SPE model for Germany. 相似文献
593.
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of type of physical activity on bone mineral density among older U.S. women. Findings from the present study indicate that jogging, swimming and calisthenics were weak predictors for high bone density values. Bicycling, aerobics, walking and dancing were moderate predictors for positive bone density. Yard work and weight training were strong and independent predictors for positive bone density. 相似文献
594.
John Akin Richard Bilsborrow David Guilkey Barry M. Popkin Daniel Benoit Pierre Cantrelle Michele Garenne Pierre Levi 《Demography》1981,18(3):287-307
Breast-feeding is the focus of rapidly growing interest. Research on the determinants of breast-feeding is only beginning. The research in this paper is based on World Fertility Survey data for Sri Lanka. We develop what we believe to be an appropriate probit model and find that there are significant socioeconomic factors that influence breast-feeding, in addition to the demographic factors focused upon in the literature. Moreover, some of them have clear policy implications, which are elaborated herein with respect to labor force, education, family planning and internal migration policies. In the course of the paper we also address a number of generally neglected statistical issues that should be considered in analyzing the determinants of breastfeeding, including problems resulting from digit preference or age heaping, the need to use dichotomous dependent variables, unavoidable truncation biases in the basic data, and structural shifts in the determinants of breastfeeding at different durations. 相似文献
595.
I suggest that the gender gap in party identification is dependenton question wording and asymmetric stereotypes about men's andwomen's partisan preferences. A survey experiment reanalyzesthe gender gap by comparing the standard partisan battery toan alternative version that emphasizes feelings rather thanthoughts. Bringing question wording into closer alignment withtheory causes the gender gap to shrink. This happens in partbecause the "feel" questions find women to be less Democraticthan did the "think" questions. Moreover, reduction of the gendergap occurs mostly among highly sophisticated women and not thoseusually susceptible to question wording effects. Contrary topopular wisdom, men and women appear to be more, not less, alikepolitically when feelings are primed. 相似文献
596.
597.
598.
Correspondence to: Barry Goldson, Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work Studies, The University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK. E-mail: b.goldson{at}liv.ac.uk Summary Within a context of national prosperity and relative economicstrength, poverty and inequality is rife in the UK. This paperconsiders the broad contours of such social injustice, beforesharpening the focus to examine the specificities of child poverty.The New Labour government has made an historic pledgeto end child poverty within a generation. The paper traces thekey policy initiatives that are being directed to this end and,by drawing on the latest research evidence, it attempts to assesstheir early impact. Whilst it is acknowledged that the government'ssocial justice agenda has made some progress in tacklingchild poverty, it is further proposed that a more rigorous redistributiveapproach is required if substantial and sustainable improvementsare to be made. Furthermore, it is argued that the social justiceagenda is conditioned by wider political calculations, whichlimit its scope. In this way the imperative to be seen to betough on crime has meant that policy responsesto children in trouble have taken a distinctive and increasinglypunitive form. By developing the argument that New Labour'selectoral ambitions have led it to re-engage with a speciousdeserving undeserving conceptualdichotomy, the paper assesses the implications for the treatmentof child offenders in particular, and the broadersocial justice project more generally. 相似文献
599.
Mixtures of skewed distributions (univariate and bivariate) provide flexible models. An alternative modeling approach involves distributions with skewed conditional distributions and mixtures of such distributions. We consider the interrelationships between such models. Examples are provided to show that several skewed distributions already considered in the literature can be viewed as having been constructed via a combination of mixing and skewing. 相似文献
600.
A bookmaker takes bets on a two-horse race, attempting to minimize expected loss over all possible outcomes of the race. Profits are controlled by manipulation of customer' betting behavior; in order to do this, we need some information about the probability distribution which describes how the customers will bet. We examine what information initial customer' betting behavior provides about this probability distribution, and consider how to use this to estimate the probability distribution for remaining customers. 相似文献