“一劳永逸”还是“饮鸩止渴”——基于上市公司高送转的研究

  与国外公司注重现金分红不同,基于数字游戏的高送转乱象长期充斥着中国资本市场。由于高送转往往伴随着股价大幅上涨,而股价的暴涨、暴跌严重影响资本市场健康有序地发展,特别是暴跌带来的股价崩盘风险更是给投资者财富带来巨大冲击和破坏。因此,从股价崩盘风险角度探究高送转乱象可能对资本市场运作效率产生的影响具有重要意义。         基于行为金融理论框架下的迎合理论,研究上市公司高送转行为与未来股价崩盘风险之间的关系,并探讨分析师关注起到的作用。在此基础上,进一步分析公司基本面、外部市场态势和投资者注意力等因素对上述关系的影响。以2006年至2015年沪深股市A股上市公司为研究对象,运用Stata软件以及独立样本t检验和双向固定效应模型进行实证检验,并采用倾向得分匹配法和Heckman两阶段法缓解潜在的内生性问题。         研究结果表明,高送转不仅没有降低公司的股价崩盘风险,反而显著增加了股价在未来发生暴跌的可能。基于行为金融学分析框架,认为产生这一现象背后的机理是管理层迎合投资者非理性偏好行为的存在。在此基础上,分析师关注能够显著缓解这一关系。当公司的估值风险高、送转能力差以及市场处于牛市、投资者注意力较高时,高送转对未来股价崩盘的诱发效应更为明显,说明较差的公司基本面和较热的市场环境对高送转的未来崩盘效应起到推波助澜的作用。对比研究发现,普通送转并没有诱发公司未来股价崩盘的可能,这也从侧面印证了高送转带来的未来股价崩盘效应。         研究结果表明高送转行情虽然可以短暂刺激股价上涨,但它绝不是拉升股价的良药,上市公司采用高送转提升股价并非“一劳永逸”,而是“饮鸩止渴”。研究结果对于全面认识高送转在资本市场的作用以及为监管机构加强对高送转的监管提供了理论依据和经验证据,对投资者和监管机构而言均具有重要的实践意义。     

中国式创业失败：归因、学习和后续决策

  失败是多数创业活动的必然结果,创业者对创业失败的行为反应是创业研究的一个重要议题。意义建构是一个嵌入式的社会化过程,文化是影响创业者意义建构创业失败的重要因素,中国创业者对创业失败的行为反应可能有别于西方创业者。然而,已有关于创业失败的研究主要来自欧美国家,对中国创业者在创业失败之后的行为研究很少。此外,中国的相关研究主要是概念性研究,缺少质化或量化的证据。因此,有必要探索中国情景下创业者在创业失败后的行为反应的独特规律。         基于文化比较视角,使用中国创业失败的典型事例,采用扎根理论设计,以中国创业者对创业失败的归因、学习和后续决策为切入点进行探索性研究,并与欧美研究的结果进行比较。通过霍夫斯泰德文化维度理论对中西方创业者在创业失败之后的行为差异进行分析并提供解释,提出中国式创业失败在归因、学习和后续决策方面的7个命题。         研究结果表明,与欧美创业者相比,中国创业者在创业失败后的总体归因倾向、内部归因倾向、外部归因倾向、学习内容、学习导向和后续创业意向等方面存在独特规律;文化是创业者在创业失败之后行为反应的重要影响因素,不同文化维度的具体取向会对创业者在创业失败后的行为反应产生不同的影响。         研究结果增强了对中国创业者如何对创业失败归因、如何从创业失败中学习以及在创业失败之后倾向选择坚持还是放弃这3个问题的认识,为中国本土化的创业失败研究提供了经验证据;强调了文化在创业失败研究中的重要作用;深化和拓展了创业失败归因、学习和后续决策的相关理论,为未来进一步的理论研究提供了思路。研究结论为创业者管理失败、推动创业教育改革、营造更有利于连环创业的制度环境提供了有针对性的建议。     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Subsidized Housing and the Transition to Adulthood

Despite abundant evidence about the effect of children’s socioeconomic circumstances on their transition to adulthood, we know much less about the effect of social policy programs aimed at poor families with children in facilitating how and when children become adults. This issue is particularly important for the U.S. federal subsidized housing program given its long history of placing subsidized units in some of the poorest and most racially segregated neighborhoods. Using counterfactual causal methods that adjust for the length of receipt of subsidized housing, I estimate the effect of subsidized housing on teenage parenthood, household formation, and educational attainment. I find that the subsidized housing program has either null or positive effects on the transition to adulthood and that these effects vary by both race and gender. These results underscore the importance of considering whether social programs have differential effects on the life chances of individuals based on both race and gender.     

The Role of Family Behaviors in Determining Income Distribution: The Case of South Korea

In this article, we examined what has contributed to the worsening income inequality and poverty between 1996 and 2011 in South Korea. We used a rank-preserving exchange method and a conditional reweighting method to assess the roles of family behaviors—including female labor force participation and family structure—characteristics of household heads, and men’s earnings. The results showed that the change in men’s earnings was a dominant factor in accounting for the increasing income inequality and poverty. The change in age and education among household heads also contributed significantly to the worsening income distribution. The change in family structure mainly affected the income disparity among lower-income families and increased poverty. The rise in women’s labor force participation improved the income distribution but not considerably. The distributional roles of family have not worked to prevent or reverse the worsening income distribution in the past few decades in South Korea.     

Growing Wealth Gaps in Education

Prior research on trends in educational inequality has focused chiefly on changing gaps in educational attainment by family income or parental occupation. In contrast, this contribution provides the first assessment of trends in educational attainment by family wealth and suggests that we should be at least as concerned about growing wealth gaps in education. Despite overall growth in educational attainment and some signs of decreasing wealth gaps in high school attainment and college access, I find a large and rapidly increasing wealth gap in college attainment between cohorts born in the 1970s and 1980s, respectively. This growing wealth gap in higher educational attainment co-occurred with a rise in inequality in children’s wealth backgrounds, although the analyses also suggest that the latter does not fully account for the former. Nevertheless, the results reported here raise concerns about the distribution of educational opportunity among today’s children who grow up in a context of particularly extreme wealth inequality.     

Cohort Differences in Parental Financial Help to Adult Children

In this article, we examine birth cohort differences in parents’ provision of monetary help to adult children with particular focus on the extent to which cohort differences in family structure and the transition to adulthood influence these changes. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study from 1994 to 2010, we compare financial help to children of three respondent cohorts as the parents in these birth cohorts from ages 53–58 to 57–62. We find that transfers to children have increased among more recent cohorts. Two trends—declining family size and children’s delay in marriage—account for part of the increase across cohorts. However, other trends, such as the increase in the number of stepchildren and increasing child’s income level, tend to decrease the observed cohort trend.     

Sri Lankan female domestic workers overseas: mothering their children from a distance

Sri Lanka is one of three countries in Asia, along with the Philippines and Indonesia, where women migrants constitute between 60 and 70% of legal migrants; these female migrants are mainly employed overseas as domestic workers. Since the 1980s, the out-migration of Sri Lankan females for employment abroad surpassed that of males and the major destination has been countries in the Middle East. The majority of these women are married and have at least one child; they leave their children in the care of other family members in their absence. While they usually make arrangements to accommodate the spatial separation forced by migration, their migration poses many challenges to themselves and their children left behind. Recently, the issue of children left behind by migrant mothers has attracted growing attention from policy makers in Sri Lanka. Since the social and emotional ramifications of mothering from a distance and how these mothers cope with them are inadequately investigated, this article uses data collected from a 2008 survey of 400 Sri Lankan female migrant families to examine the effects of mothers’ migration on how they are mothering their children from a distance, and how they perceive the effects on their children. The article concludes with some suggested policy recommendations.     

Semantic analysis of natural language processing in a study of nurse mobility in the Northern Territory,Australia

In lieu of diverse consequences in the demand and supply of health care professionals such as nurses and midwives in Australia and the world, a firm understanding of the characteristics of staff mobility and the factors influencing their retention could lead to achieving enhanced service delivery, greater job satisfaction, and the establishment of a more stable and robust workforce. The research reported in this paper attempts to shed light on qualitative aspects of mobility in health care professional staff in the Northern Territory of Australia. It builds upon an existing survey study of the quantitative factors that determine why nurses and midwives come to the Northern Territory, why some stay and why many leave, by analysing additional qualitative textual responses of participants using semantic network approaches to natural language processing. Our results illustrate the methodological and policy significance of semantic approaches to knowledge acquisition and representation, especially in complementing findings of traditional survey analysis techniques, and in analysing the broader social settings, effects and consequences of staff retention and mobility.     

维汉关系中族群意识与国家认同的实证分析

民族问题是现代国家中的重大政治问题.我国是一个统一的多民族国家,民族问题处理得成功与否,直接影响到民族地区的民族团结、经济发展、社会稳定和国家统一.本文以族群意识和国家认同的视角,运用现代统计学方法,利用相关调查数据,对新疆两大族群--维汉族群关系状况进行实证分析,以期对进一步促进民族和谐和国家认同提供政策建议.