重构国家、重新引导国家权力

人们可以用"国家"这个概念指称很多不同的对象,因此,有效的国家理论必须包含多重维度,并且对不同类型的国家加以分别考察."资本主义国家"同样存在着不同的类型,例如资本主义类型的国家和资本主义社会的国家之间的区别.资本主义社会的国家指现代国家的所有形式和特点;而资本主义类型的国家则把资本积累作为占统治地位的社会逻辑.     

EvacuAid: A Probabilistic Model to Determine the Expected Loss of Life for Different Mass Evacuation Strategies During Flood Threats

Evacuation of people in case of a threat is a possible risk management strategy. Evacuation has the potential to save lives, but it can be costly with respect to time, money, and credibility. The consequences of an evacuation strategy depend on a combination of the time available, citizen response, authority response, and capacity of the infrastructure. The literature that discusses evacuations in case of flood risk management focuses, in most cases, only on a best‐case strategy as a preventive evacuation and excludes other possible strategies. This article introduces a probabilistic method, EvacuAid, to determine the benefits of different types of evacuation with regards to loss of life. The method is applied for a case study in the Netherlands for preventive and vertical evacuation due to flood risk. The results illustrate the impact of uncertainties in available time and actual conditions (e.g., the responses of citizens and authorities and the use of infrastructure). It is concluded that preparation for evacuation requires adaptive planning that takes preventive and vertical evacuation into account, based on a risk management approach.     

Solving Spreadsheet-Based Integer Programming Models: An Example from International Telecommunications

Considerable effort has recently been devoted to augmenting existing spreadsheet capabilities with the power of mathematical programming. One way to accomplish this is to design mathematical programming-based solution methodologies (most likely heuristics) that exploit existing spreadsheet capabilities. We describe how this latter approach was successfully applied to an integer programming model of an international telecommunications network.