Japanese and American Children's Reasoning about Accepting Credit for Prosocial Behavior

Children's reasoning about the appropriateness of accepting credit for one's own prosocial behavior was examined. Participants aged 7–11 years old in Japan and the USA (total N = 206) were presented with a series of stories in which a protagonist performs a good deed and is asked about it by another character. Across stories, the protagonist either truthfully acknowledges the deed or falsely denies it, in a statement that is made either in public or in private, and is addressed to either a teacher or to a peer. As predicted, Japanese children judged protagonists less favorably when they acknowledged the good deed in public rather than in private. Further, Japanese children tended to view modest lies more favorably overall than did children in the USA. These results point to the importance of modesty in Japan and to the ways in which Japanese children take into account the social context of communication when deciding whether it is appropriate for individuals to convey information about themselves.     

Effects of a Punitive Environment on Children's Executive Functioning: A Natural Experiment

Few studies have examined the influence of environmental factors on children's executive functioning (EF) performance. The present study examined the effects of a punitive vs. non‐punitive school environment on West African children's EF skills. Tasks included a ‘cool’ (relatively non‐affective) and ‘hot’ (relatively affective/motivational) version of three EF tasks: delay of gratification; gift delay; and dimensional change card sort. Children had more difficulties with the hot versions of the tasks than the cool versions, and older children outperformed younger children. After controlling for verbal ability (Peabody picture vocabulary test‐third edition), a consistent pattern of interaction between school and grade level emerged. Overall, kindergarten children in the punitive school performed no differently than their counterparts in the non‐punitive school. However, in grade 1, children in the punitive school performed significantly worse than their counterparts in the non‐punitive school. These results point to the need to consider interactions among discipline style, age, and internalization processes of self‐regulation to better understand environmental influences on EF development.     

论审美个体主义

德国生命哲学家倭铿在《审美个体主义之体系》一文中详尽讨论了审美个体主义的诸多面相。倭铿认为,由于审美个体主义脱离了社会历史语境,它不仅不能真正解决现代人的矛盾与冲突,反而带来人生意义的虚无与荒谬。审美个体主义的主要特征和理论局限主要表现在四个方面:对个人审美自由的追求,对虚幻彼岸世界的迷恋,对绝对快乐与轻松的向往,对纯粹主观性的崇拜。     

六朝民田的产权及交易方式

六朝民田系指官方承认的或者说是受国家法律保护的私人占有的耕地和废田,其所有权、收益权归属田主所有,可以世代继承.六朝有以所有权不变为前提,将民田委托他人经营的情况,时人认为所得收益应在经营者与所有者之间进行一定的分配.由民田抛荒而成的废田,若经官方组织或明令允许,使用权和收益权可暂时或长期地归属开垦者所有,但所有权未作变更.六朝政府对废田实行这种产权政策,有利于鼓励开垦废田,较快恢复农业生产,为国家提供赋税.买卖是六朝民田私有产权让渡的主要形式,从买地券可以推知当时土地交易时买卖双方对产权认识的完整观念.官僚、贵族的土地购买活动对六朝土地产权的集中产生很大的影响.     

发展伦理学:能否超越伦理中心主义——关于复杂发展世界的复杂文化心态(之二)

同经济主义中心一样,伦理中心主义也是一种片面的社会发展观,存在诸多理论困境与深层问题.把握社会发展总体逻辑,正确认识和处理自我发展与共同发展、发展统一性与发展多样性、发展代价与发展成就的关系,对于树立正确的发展文化、发展心态,推进科学发展,具有重要意义.     

超越与去蔽:中国现代文学研究的拓展之路——以苏汶研究的遮蔽与缺席为例

中国现代文学研究中存在着一种惯性,即二元对立思维模式下简单化的截然两分,这种惯性造成了中国现代文学史研究的某些缺失与结论偏颇.以1930年代左翼与自由人、第三种人的文艺论争为例,苏汶正是文学政治化时代一个被阉割、被遮蔽的历史人物.由此可见,若想中国现代文学研究取得新拓展、步入新境界,就必须具有理性的问题反思和自我批判,即研究中的超越与去蔽.     

《唐方镇文职僚佐考》增补

文职僚佐是唐代藩镇的重要组成人员,随着考古资料的增进,有关唐代藩镇文职僚佐的史料不断增加,将这些资料加以整理对研究唐朝历史将提供便利条件。     

明北京城营建石料采办研究

明代定都北京以后,大规模的营建工程在历朝持续进行。作为基础建筑材料,石料在明代已经得到广泛应用,明北京营建工程对石料产生巨大需求。为此,明政府开始了大规模的石料采办活动。本文具体阐述了北京营建工程所需石料的种类、产地、采办和运输过程。明代北京营建石料采办在采运成本、运输组织、时间安排等方面均有周到的考虑和合理的安排,这是石料采办工程得以顺利进行的重要原因。     

以课外生产性实践团队的形式推动装潢专业的工学结合

高职教育要培养高素质技能型专门人才,要求全面推动产学结合、工学交替。而工学结合的实施往往受制于市场、企业、办学条件等诸多因素。因此,针对室内设计的行业特点,组织并实施学生课外生产性实践团队,通过课内、外教学与实践的良好结合,将能够立足专业基本资源,面向社会实践生产性项目开展卓有成效的工学结合。     

汉剧百年研究史:历史、现状与反思

汉剧是湖北地区最具影响力的剧种之一,它的研究已经走过百年的历史.汉剧研究虽然在汉剧史、音乐形态、表演艺术、创作与改革研究以及史料的汇编等方面取得了较大成就,但与汉剧的地位并不相称,故而应在薄弱处发力.强化汉剧形成史的研究和此期相关文献的发掘;着力汉剧地域文化特征的研究;极力促进文化艺术系统与高校系统学者的合作,撰写具有较高学术价值的汉剧史,是今后汉剧研究的方向.