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71.
Two samples, male college students and convicted male child sex offenders, are compared on their abilities to accurately estimate the age group of a series of photographs of a sole female ranging in age from 11 to 29. Both samples tend to overestimate the age group of the subject photos, and no significant difference was found between college students and convicted child sex offenders in their ability to estimate the age of females. Both groups are compared demographically, and only limited differences were found. The implications are discussed in regard to theory and prevention of child sexual abuse. 相似文献
72.
73.
Carlos A. Bana e Costa Mónica D. Oliveira 《Omega》2012,40(4):424-436
In the context of increasing demands for social and financial accountability of universities, the required implementation of transparent faculty evaluation systems constitutes a challenge and an opportunity for universities strategically aligning the activity of academic staff with the university goals. However, despite growing interest in the performance appraisal of faculty, only a few reported studies propose models that cover the full range of academic activities and the models in use are typically based on ad hoc scoring systems that lack theoretical soundness. This article approaches faculty evaluation from an innovative comprehensive perspective. Based on the concepts and methods of multiple criteria value measurement, it proposes a new faculty evaluation model that addresses the whole range of academic activities and can be applied within and across distinct scientific areas, while respecting their specificities. Constructed through a socio-technical process, the model was designed for and adopted by the Instituto Superior Técnico, the engineering school of the Technical University of Lisbon. The model has a two-level hierarchical additive structure, with top-level evaluation areas specified by second-level evaluation criteria. A bottom non-additive third level accounts for the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of academic activity related to each evaluation criterion. The model allows (a) the comparison of the performance of academic staff with performance targets reflecting the strategic policy concerns of university management; (b) the definition of the multicriteria value profile of each faculty member at the top level of the evaluation areas; (c) the computation of an overall value score for each faculty member, through an optimisation procedure that makes use of a flexible system of weights and (d) the assignment of faculty members to rating categories. 相似文献
74.
This article increases our knowledge of Mozambique's demography by assessing the nature and magnitude of fertility decline,
using the 1980 and 1997 censuses and the 1997 Demographic and Health Survey. Several robust methods, including P/F ratios
from census and birth history data, the own-children procedure (census data), and estimates of censored parity progression
ratios (adjusted for truncation bias) are used to identify fertility trends. Regional differences in fertility trends are
discussed in the light of the proximate determinants of fertility. Fertility decline has started in Mozambique but the magnitude
of the decline differs among the three administrative regions in the country. In Southern Region the fertility decline is
well established, while in Northern and Central regions the decline is still incipient. 相似文献
75.
Carlos J. Luz 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2011,22(4):882-894
This paper considers the NP-hard graph problem of determining a maximum cardinality subset of vertices inducing a k-regular subgraph. For any graph G, this maximum will be denoted by α
k
(G). From a well known Motzkin-Straus result, a relationship is deduced between α
k
(G) and the independence number α(G). Next, it is proved that the upper bounds υ
k
(G) introduced in Cardoso et al. (J. Comb. Optim., 14, 455–463, 2007) can easily be computed from υ
0(G), for any positive integer k. This relationship also allows one to present an alternative proof of the Hoffman bound extension introduced in the above
paper. The paper continues with the introduction of a new upper bound on α
k
(G) improving υ
k
(G). Due to the difficulty of computing this improved bound, two methods are provided for approximating it. Finally, some computational
experiments which were performed to compare all bounds studied are reported. 相似文献
76.
Sarah W. Yip Marney A. White Carlos M. Grilo Marc N. Potenza 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(2):257-270
Both binge eating disorder (BED) and pathological gambling (PG) are characterized by impairments in impulse control. Subsyndromal
levels of PG have been associated with measures of adverse health. The nature and significance of PG features in individuals
with BED is unknown. Ninety-four patients with BED (28 men and 66 women) were classified by gambling group based on inclusionary
criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) PG and compared on a range of behavioral, psychological and eating
disorder (ED) psychopathology variables. One individual (1.1% of the sample) met criteria for PG, although 18.7% of patients
with BED displayed one or more DSM-IV criteria for PG, hereafter referred to as problem gambling features. Men were more likely
than women to have problem gambling features. BED patients with problem gambling features were distinguished by lower self-esteem
and greater substance problem use. After controlling for gender, findings of reduced self-esteem and increased substance problem
use among patients with problem gambling features remained significant. In patients with BED, problem gambling features are
associated with a number of heightened clinical problems. 相似文献
77.
Marina Bouzon Rodrigo Spricigo Carlos M.T. Rodriguez Abelardo A. de Queiroz Paulo A. Cauchick Miguel 《生产规划与管理》2013,24(16):1368-1385
Academic and corporate interest in reverse logistics (RL) has risen considerably in recent years. In this context, the objective of this study was to identify the drivers that enable RL practice in an emerging economy. Firstly, international peer-reviewed publications on RL were used to develop a RL environment framework representing the main RL internal and external influences. Secondly, a case-based research was conducted in a large manufacturing company located in Southern Brazil. The results indicated that the most cited driver in the RL literature, the government and legislation, was not a main influence on the studied company. Environmental legislation is still limited in the country and struggles to provide incentives to increase materials recycling. An economic factor related to materials value recovery was also found to drive the backward flow. Finally, knowledge of the RL driving forces may support industries to better implement and manage reverse flows and to bridge the gap between existing and future solutions for reverse supply chains. 相似文献
78.
Using the critical incident (CI) technique, concrete examples of effective and ineffective managerial behaviour (CIs) were collected from managers and non-managerial employees within private and public sector organizations situated in the north and southeast regions of Mexico. The CIs were content analysed using open, axial and selective coding to identify a smaller number of thematic categories. A total of 38 ‘manager’ and 35 ‘non-managerial employee’ behavioural categories were identified respectively, of which 82.19% (n = 60) were found to be either convergent or polar opposite in meaning. The findings suggest that what behaviourally differentiates effective managers from ineffective managers is perceived, described and defined by Mexican managers and non-managerial employees in much the same way. The study provides new insights on the issue of perceived managerial and leadership effectiveness in Mexico and is a rare example of indigenous managerial behaviour research in a non-Anglo country. 相似文献
79.
In this paper we explore the racial and ethnic self-identification of Dominican immigrants in the United States. This issue is central in understanding how immigrants experience the process of incorporation into American society. We argue that as Dominican immigrants incorporate to American life, they adopt a Hispanic or Latino identity. This identity serves both as a form of racial identification within the American racial stratification system and as a form of assertive panethnic identity. This identity, however, does not supersede national identification, which remains the anchoring identity. 相似文献
80.
María del Carmen Boado-Penas Inmaculada Domínguez-Fabiá Carlos Vidal-Meliá 《International social security review》2007,60(4):105-127
The aim of this article is twofold: to demonstrate the actuarial imbalance in the Spanish pension system in its current form; and to measure the degree of aggregate economic risk to which pensioners are exposed when applying formulas for the calculation of retirement pensions based on notional accounts. The model used generates scenarios for various periods encompassing some 10,000 different permutations of the macroeconomic indices needed to calculate such parameters as initial pension, earnings replacement rate, or internal rate of return and value at risk. The findings are analysed both objectively and subjectively. The main conclusions are that if the projections for the macroeconomic indices used bear only a minimal resemblance to reality, the pension system will accumulate further financial imbalance in the future that will force it either to reduce initial pensions considerably or to make some radical adjustments to the parameters. In terms of risk, for beneficiaries with high risk aversion the preferred formulas would be those based on future variations in wages with a constant pension amount in real terms; on the other hand, those less averse to risk would prefer formulas that generate a smaller initial pension but one which grows in real terms with subsequent changes in wage levels. 相似文献