深度翻译:评析第四届“傅雷杯”翻译赛英语专业组译作

“深度翻译”通过添加阐释性文本如译者序、评注、术语注解、注释等手段,有助于译入语读者了解异质的语言与文化。第四届“傅雷杯”大学生翻译赛所选的英语源文本中出现了诸多文化内涵丰富的语言点和知识点,可灵活采用“深度翻译法”。结合参赛译文,针对性地探讨了“文化背景、专有名词、专业术语”三种注释类型在英译汉中的使用,实证分析了深度翻译法在文学作品翻译中的运用及意义。     

Estimation for Partially Linear Single-index Instrumental Variables Models

In this article, we generalize the partially linear single-index models to the scenario with some endogenous covariates variables. It is well known that the estimators based on the existing methods are often inconsistent because of the endogeneity of covariates. To deal with the endogenous variables, we introduce some auxiliary instrumental variables. A three-stage estimation procedure is proposed for partially linear single-index instrumental variables models. The first stage is to obtain a linear projection of endogenous variables on a set of instrumental variables, the second stage is to estimate the link function by using local linear smoother for given constant parameters, and the last stage is to obtain the estimators of constant parameters based on the estimating equation. Asymptotic normality is established for the proposed estimators. Some simulation studies are undertaken to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed estimation procedure.     

Reliability of stress–strength model for exponentiated Pareto distributions

In this paper, the reliability of a system is discussed when the strength of the system and the stress imposed on it are independent, non-identical exponentiated Pareto distributed random variables. Different point estimations and interval estimations are proposed. The point estimators obtained are maximum likelihood, uniformly minimum variance unbiased and Bayesian estimators. The interval estimations obtained are approximate, exact, bootstrap-p and bootstrap-t confidence intervals and Bayesian credible interval. Different methods and the corresponding confidence intervals are compared using Monte-carlo simulations.     

Assessment of modeling longitudinal binary data based on graphical methods

Longitudinal categorical data are commonly applied in a variety of fields and are frequently analyzed by generalized estimating equation (GEE) method. Prior to making further inference based on the GEE model, the assessment of model fit is crucial. Graphical techniques have long been in widespread use for assessing the model adequacy. We develop alternative graphical approaches utilizing plots of marginal model-checking condition and local mean deviance to assess the GEE model with logit link for longitudinal binary responses. The applications of the proposed procedures are illustrated through two longitudinal binary datasets.     

On a system of nonhomogeneous components sharing a common frailty

The components of a reliability system subjected to a common random environment usually have dependent lifetimes. This paper studies the stochastic properties of such a system with lifetimes of the components following multivariate frailty models and multivariate mixed proportional reversed hazard rate (PRHR) models, respectively. Through doing stochastic comparison, we devote to throwing a new light on how the random environment affects the number of working components of a reliability system and on assessing the performance of a k-out-of-n system.     

关于中国现代史分期问题的思考

目前,史学界对于中国现代史的分期看法不一,形成不同的主张：或以重大政治历史事件为标准,或依据《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》,或以经济社会发展目标模式为分期标准。这些标准都不符合中国通史的学科分期要求。中国现代史作为通史,其分期应当以社会形态的变迁为标准,应根据社会主义的不同发展模式,将其划分为新民主主义时期或社会主义的准备时期、苏联模式社会主义时期或传统社会主义时期、中国特色社会主义时期或现代社会主义时期。     

上海西南地区形成发展热点研究

强化上海西南地区发展特质,应以先进制造业引领打造长三角制造业标杆,建设"上海制造"品牌重要承载区.加快头部企业和高端人才引入,提升产业链带动能力.在企业引入方面,推进"生物医药、美丽健康、绿色化工、节能环保、新型显示、集成电路"为核心的具有牵引力和影响力的重大项目向该区域高度集聚,建设高品质产业集聚区,扩大头部企业在沪产能.借助产业联盟等形式,建立园区内企业供需对接、政企交流平台,打造稳固的产业生态.     

Adaptive modeling of the human-environment relationship applied to estimation of the population carrying capacity in an earthquake zone

Natural catastrophes such as earthquakes can, in addition to causing loss of life, disrupt the urbanization process through the need for forced population redistribution and the modification of resource and environmental carrying capacity. The population carrying capacity (PCC) of an altered environment following an earthquake is a crucial determinant in the relocation of displaced persons. We use data adaptive methods to model the correlation between the physical environment and human population density in estimating PCC in areas affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Comparing actual population distributions with ideal population distributions allows for the identification of villages where population exceeds PCC, or conversely, areas where the environment can support a higher population. Such a comparison can provide the basis for a relocation plan, a critical element of post-catastrophe policy-making.     

Re-Defining the Who,When, and Where of Mentoring for Professional Statisticians

Organizations tailor their mentoring strategies to accommodate internal resources and preferences, producing different approaches in academic, government, and corporate environments. Across these settings, three common barriers impede effective mentoring of statisticians: overspecialization, time constraints, and geographic dispersion. The authors share mentoring strategies that have emerged at their organization, Mathematica Policy Research, to overcome these obstacles. Practices include creating a methodology working group to unite researchers with diverse backgrounds, integrating mentoring into existing workflows, and harnessing modern technological infrastructure to facilitate virtual mentoring. Although these strategies emerged within a specific professional context, they suggest opportunities for statisticians to expand the channels through which mentorship can occur.