The Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit on Economic Well-Being: A Comparison Across Household Types

Using survey data from Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) recipients in Madison County, New York, we evaluate the effectiveness of the EITC in improving the economic well-being of low-income households. In particular, we examine the impact of the EITC across household types. For tax years 2002 through 2004, we find that the EITC is responsible for significantly lowering the poverty rate of EITC recipients, from 57 to 49%. In fact, for households below the poverty line, the EITC fills 31% of the gap between their adjusted gross income and the poverty line. The EITC has the largest impact on single parent households, lowering their poverty rate by 11.2 percentage points and reducing their poverty gap by almost 35%. However, the EITC has negligible effects on the poorest households in the sample—childless singles. A majority (64%) of EITC recipients intends to use at least some of the refund on basic needs and almost half plan on using part of their refund for debt repayment. This suggests that the EITC helps the majority of recipients get by but does not increase their economic mobility. Somewhat surprisingly, single parent households in the sample are not that different from married parent households in terms of EITC amounts, poverty rates, use of credit, and participation in government programs, despite earning less.     

NISO Webinar: “The Case of the Disappearing Journal: Solving the Title Transfer and Online Display Mystery” (November 10, 2010)

Abstract

In December 2012, Eric Hanson interviewed Christopher Cronin, director of technical services at the University of Chicago, about their participation as an RDA test partner and issues surrounding RDA training and implementation.     

Gesundheitsförderliches Führungsverhalten bei un- und angelernten, kulturell diversen Belegschaften

One of the most important factors affecting inequitable health opportunities is the work activity. The respective supervisor exerts influence on the subordinates’ health and well-being. This study investigates health-promoting leadership behavior among low-skilled, culturally diverse workforces through interviews with employees and managers of the lowest hierarchical level (N?=?53). Information and approachability as well as appreciative feedback and showing interest of the supervisor are identified as relevant target group specific leadership behavior. Health-promoting effects of work design, learning opportunities as well as strain the supervisors themselves suffer from were also examined.     

Detection of outliers in simple circular regression models using the mean circular error statistic

The investigation on the identification of outliers in linear regression models can be extended to those for circular regression case. In this paper, we propose a new numerical statistic called mean circular error to identify possible outliers in circular regression models by using a row deletion approach. Through intensive simulation studies, the cut-off points of the statistic are obtained and its power of performance investigated. It is found that the performance improves as the concentration parameter of circular residuals becomes larger or the sample size becomes smaller. As an illustration, the statistic is applied to a wind direction data set.     

The Role of Organizational Size and Industry in Job Quality and Work-Family Relationships

In this study we update analyses of the 1977 QES (Zipp, 1991) using data from the 1997 National Study of the Changing Workforce. We use hierarchical linear modeling procedures to partition the variance in a wide variety of indicators of workers' experiences. Most variation was associated with the individual level of analysis, but significant and nontrivial variation also was associated with the organizational and industrial levels. Although workers in smaller organizations reported lower earnings, fewer benefits, and less education than their counterparts in larger organizations, they also reported experiencing less discrimination, better fit between their actual and desired work hours, more supportive work environments and loyalty to their employers, less burnout or interference between work and family, and shorter commute times.     

A managerial approach to environmental assessment

The external environment of a corporation is one of the major determinants of its strategy. While this view is readily accepted, the tools to monitor this important determinant are still relatively underdeveloped. The authors have developed a managerial process which fills this gap by enabling an organization to assess its external environment effectively and economically. The approach helps executives identify major forces for strategic change in the market and non-market dimensions of the environment. The relevance of these changes is determined by measuring their impact on the mission and the strategies of the company. The process, furthermore, provides a starting point for assessing an organization's capabilities to respond to these forces for change.     

Coaching von Managern in Ostdeutschland

Coaching managers in East Germany The author discusses problems of the transformation process in East Germany. The main thesis: The patterns of behaviour established in the former DDR are still effective. This is demonstrated by the situation of managers and the company’s internal milieus. In order to support managers active in East Germany it is important, to know the patterns practised in the DDR and to transform them into those, which are compatible with the free enterprise economy. To increase the motivation, managers should be encouraged to refer to the former experiences of community and to meet in this way the specific needs of the employees.     

Rank tests in the two-sample scale problem with unequal and unknown locations

The two-sample scale problem is studied in the case of unequal and unknown location parameters. The method proposed is based on the idea of Moses (1963) and it is distribution-free. The two samples are separated into random subgroups of the same sizek. It is proposed to choosek=4 and to apply the Wilconxon test or the Savage test to the ranges or sample variances of the subgroups. The asymptotic power functions of the tests are compared. For small and moderate sample sizes simulations are carried out. Relations to some other procedures, especially to the method of Compagnone and Denker (1996) are briefly discussed.     

Faktoren der Veränderung des Selbst bei computervermittelter Kommunikation

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) influences the users’ self. Different expectations are currently made towards how the self may arise in an ‘a-social’ setting during the use of modern “Information” and communication technologies. Some of these discourses even observe a new potential for self-constructions. The conceptual frame of the paper is delivered by the combination of different social scientific approaches coming from Social Psychology, Sociology and Communications Studies. Based upon a series of experiments the paper investigates how the social self develops in CMC. Overall the self is moderated by the characteristics of the channel, by psycho-social and finally by socialisation variables. The influence of the channel is marked by immediate effects of certain cues. The psycho-social variable is the individual versus joint usage of CMC. The sociological dimension is the familiarity with CMC. Finally a model is discussed that introduces the prototypical character of CMC for the development of the self in further forms of mediated interpersonal communication.