Mapping the Nomological Network of Career Self-Efficacy

This article examined the degree to which personality hardiness (control, commitment, and challenge), career beliefs (status, preference, motivation, and flexibility), self-efficacy (general and social), and occupational choice status related to career self-efficacy among a sample of 181 college juniors and seniors. Results from an intercorrelation matrix and regression analysis indicated that motivation, self-efficacy, occupational choice status, and commitment correlated significantly to career self-efficacy. Applications of these findings to career counseling are discussed.     

Mediation und Coaching — ein Vergleich

Mediation and coaching — A comparisonMediation and coaching — two terms which have generally gained familiarity in the last decade. Nevertheless, it is still mostly experts who know what is inherent in these concepts. This comparative analysis will therefore first explore and compare the origin and development of mediation and coaching. With reference to the relevant literature, the methods and strategies of these two forms of intervention will subsequently be presented. After discussing these topics, the paper will examine the personal prerequisites, i.e. the competencies, knowledge and skills that should be required of a mediator and coach. The author hypothesises that the highest degree of correspondence and congruency found in the comparison will be in regards to these prerequisites.     

On a goodness-of-fit test for normality with unknown parameters and type-II censored data

We propose a new goodness-of-fit test for normal and lognormal distributions with unknown parameters and type-II censored data. This test is a generalization of Michael's test for censored samples, which is based on the empirical distribution and a variance stabilizing transformation. We estimate the parameters of the model by using maximum likelihood and Gupta's methods. The quantiles of the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis are obtained through Monte Carlo simulations. The power of the proposed test is estimated and compared to that of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test also using simulations. The new test is more powerful than the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test in most of the studied cases. Acceptance regions for the PP, QQ and Michael's stabilized probability plots are derived, making it possible to visualize which data contribute to the decision of rejecting the null hypothesis. Finally, an illustrative example is presented.     

Environment, transnational labor migration, and gender: case studies from southern Yucatán, Mexico and Vermont, USA

Gender shapes the migration–environment association in both origin and destination communities. Using quantitative and qualitative data, we juxtapose these gender dimensions for a labor migrant-sending location of Mexico’s southern Yucatán with those for a labor migrant-receiving location in Vermont (USA). We illustrate how in the southern Yucatán, circular transnational migration alters pasture, maize and chili production in a peasant field–forest system. Gender norms condition the land-use decisions of migratory households to keep women out of agricultural fields, but in turn may be modified in unexpected ways. With men’s migration, more women assume aspects of land management, including in decision-making and supervision of hired farm labor. In comparison, in Vermont a largely male migrant labor force helps maintain an idealized, pastoral landscape with gender deeply embedded in how that labor is constructed and managed.     

Research Methodology and Community Participation: A Decade of Indigenous Social Science Research in Canada

Those engaged in community‐based participatory research often comment on tensions between social scientific and community values, yet little systematic evidence exists about the relationship between social science research methodologies and community participation. We analyze nearly 500 peer‐reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2015 on Indigenous issues in Canada, where policies encourage participatory research methods with disempowered groups. We find that research that includes Indigenous participation is more likely to include Indigenous epistemologies and participatory evidence sources and analysis methods. We also find that peer‐reviewed research involving Indigenous participants often fails to go beyond minimum levels of consultation required by policies.     

The Other‐Race Effect in a Longitudinal Sample of 3‐, 6‐ and 9‐Month‐Old Infants: Evidence of a Training Effect

We investigated the development of the other‐race effect “ORE” in a longitudinal sample of 3‐, 6‐, and 9‐month‐old Caucasian infants. Previous research using cross‐sectional samples has shown an unstable ORE at 3 months, an increase at 6 months and full development at 9 months. In Experiment 1, we tested whether 9‐month‐olds showed the ORE with Caucasian and African faces. As expected, the 9‐month‐olds discriminated faces within their own ethnicity (Caucasian) but not within the unfamiliar ethnicity (African). In months. In Experiment 2, we longitudinally tested infants at 3, 6, and 9 months by presenting either the Caucasian or the African faces used in Experiment 1. In contrast to previous cross‐sectional studies and Experiment 1, we found that infants discriminated between all stimuli. Hence, we did not find the ORE in this longitudinal study even at 9 months. We assume that the infants in our longitudinal study showed no ORE because of previous repetitive exposure to African faces at 3 and 6 months. We argue that only a few presentations of faces from other ethnic categories sufficiently slow the development of the ORE.     

Fitting three-dimensional Laguerre tessellations to foam structures

Foam models, especially random tessellations, are powerful tools to study the relations between the geometric structure of foams and their physical properties. In this paper, we propose the use of random Laguerre tessellations, weighted versions of the well-known Voronoi tessellations, as models for the microstructure of foams. Based on geometric characteristics estimated from a tomographic image of a closed-cell polymer foam, we fit a Laguerre tessellation model to the material. It is shown that this model allows for a better fit of the geometric structure of the foam than some classical Voronoi tessellation models.