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71.
Summary A standardized procedure based upon current social work practicewas used to assess the family circumstances of a randomly drawnsample of Tower Hamlets families with son/s between 11 and 14years of age. These families were compared to those of localboys of the same age before the Courts for a first time. Two-thirdsof the officially delinquent boys came from ordinary families,intact and without serious problems. However, compared to theofficially non-delinquents in the random sample they were significantlymore likely to come from broken homes or unbroken (intact) butwith serious and persistent problems. The differences are notdue to neighbourhood or school factors that appear to a considerableextent to operate independently of family factors. Few firstCourt appearances in Tower Hamlets are explained by boys reactingto serious family stress. Follow up over two years of the delinquentsshowed that just under one-quarter of the boys from ordinaryfamilies became persistent offenders. Just over one-third ofthose from difficult family circumstances reappeared. These findings are discussed in the light of other researchand current social work practice. 相似文献
72.
The Effects of Branching on Item Nonresponse 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The analysis of responses to a large sample survey instrumentindicates that branching instructions significantly increasethe rate of item nonresponse for items immediately followingthe branch. While older respondents did have a higher incidenceof item nonresponse, none of six other factors (education, gender,distance to next question, number of previous branches, futurebehavior, or nature of response) hypothesized to affect itemnonresponse were significantly related to the rate of nonresponse. 相似文献
73.
DANIEL HIMARIOS 《Economic inquiry》1989,27(1):143-168
This paper reexamines the effectiveness of devaluation in trade balance adjustment. The question is addressed in a framework which improves the previous empirical literature in several respects. The evidence indicates that devaluations have been a successful tool in inducing trade balance adjustment. In particular, nominal devaluations are found to result in significant real devaluations that last for at least three years, and the real devaluation induces significant trade flows that are distributed over a two-to three-year period. The evidence comes from two different samples, 1953-73 and 1975-84, involving twenty-seven countries and sixty devaluation episodes. 相似文献
74.
THE USE OF COLLATERAL TO ENFORCE DEBT CONTRACTS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DANIEL K. BENJAMIN 《Economic inquiry》1978,16(3):333-359
This paper analyzes the enforcement of debt contracts by treating the adherence to a contract as a matter of choice. Many commonly observed features of debt contracts, including the widespread use of collateral, are shown to be market responses to the costs of enforcing contracts. The characteristics of the collateral asset, including its marketability and expectations regarding its future price are shown to have important effects on the payments schedule of the debt. Since default is treated as a choice variable I am able to demonstrate the effects of macroeconomic fluctuations on default rates and lending decisions. Thus the analysis provides a basis for modeling the multiplier phenomena associated with the collapse of lending markets during severe depressions. 相似文献
75.
76.
Firms are often encouraged to offer environmentally friendly products as a demonstration of corporate citizenship. However, this may prove to be an unrealistic expectation since a rational firm will only engage in profitable ventures; those that increase shareholder wealth. We develop a framework for analyzing the profitability of reuse activities and show how the management of product returns influences operational requirements. We show that the acquisition of used products may be used as the control lever for the management and profitability of reuse activities. These activities, termed product acquisition management, affect several important business decisions. First, if a firm is to pursue reuse activities, these reuse activities must be value‐creating. Second, if a firm is to compete by offering remanufactured products, then we show how product returns management influences the overall profitability of such activities via a trial and error EVA approach. Third, we show how operational issues are strongly affected by the approach used to manage product returns. There is a need for future research specifying the mathematical relationship between acquisition price and the nominal quality of the returned product. 相似文献
77.
GILVAN C. SOUZA MICHAEL E. KETZENBERG V. DANIEL R. GUIDE 《Production and Operations Management》2002,11(2):231-248
This research examines production planning and control for a remanufacturer that can sell returned items on a graded as‐is basis or remanufacture the returned items. Using a GI/G/1 queuing network, we model the firms decision to remanufacture an optimal product mix over the long run that maximizes profits while maintaining a desired service level. We further use simulation to explore dispatching heuristics that can be used at the shop‐floor level to achieve the desired optimal product mix, while meeting the service level constraint. Our research is grounded in actual practice and the results provide key insights into the decision‐making process required to maximize profits and minimize average flow times for remanufactured products. 相似文献