Over the years football has attracted enormous interest from various fields of study, attracting attention both for its sporting and social aspects. Professional business operators consider football an important industry with enormous potential both in terms of its size and growth, and also because of indirect benefits due to the popularity gained by investors and management of football teams. The focus of the analysis has been on what characterizes most football clubs, and determines their particular economic and financial needs. The aim of this paper is to establish an efficiency measurement for football team financial resource allocation. In particular, we analysed the impact that the income statement, Net equity and Team value variables have on the points achieved by football teams playing in “Serie A” championship (Italian league). The method used in our study is a generalized estimating equation (GEE) for longitudinal count data. In addition we consider a coefficient of determination in the GEE approach based on Wald Statistics, and we propose a modified Mallow’s Cp for choosing the best model. Finally we propose an AFRSport index based on the differences between observed and theoretical points, in order to identify those teams that efficiently employ their financial resources.
This work concerns the study of poverty dynamics and the analysis of the influencing socio-demographic factors. A fuzzy and
multidimensional approach has been chosen in order to define two different poverty measures. A panel regression model has
been estimated and particular attention has been paid to the treatment of the unobservable heterogeneity among longitudinal
units. The specified model combines autoregression with variance components. The empirical analysis has been conducted using
the data set of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) from 1991 to 1997.
This work was co-financed by Murst funds for the projects “Occupazione e disoccupazione in Italia: misura e analisi dei comportamenti”.
The paper is the result of the common work of all the authors; in particular G. Betti has written Sects. 2,5.1 and 5.3.1;
A. D’Agostino has written sections 4, 5.2 and 5.4; L. Neri has written Sects. 1, 3, 5.3.2 and 6. 相似文献
The thesis of “Beyond Homeostasis” is (a) that the discourse of family therapists unquestionably shows that family therapists have tended to see homeostasis as a trait of families; and (b) that such a view of homeostasis is inconsistent with the systemic paradigm. Therefore, family therapy should go beyond such an understanding of homeostasis. Ariel et al. may have failed to grasp this argument; they have certainly chosen to ignore it. Ariel et al. have provided a logical empiricist explication of the nonsystemic version of homeostasis which is portrayed in the discourse of family therapists. I still argue that family therapy should go beyond such an understanding of homeostasis. 相似文献
This article deals with the subject of political roles of women in the Arab world. It argues that, while the conditions of women are not uniform in the region, there are some general common factors that inhibit women’s participation in the political process. The article also addresses the subject of Islamic determinants—or lack thereof—of the status of women in Arab society. An analysis of the feminist debate is presented, and some trends are identified. The analysis focuses on the interaction between Islam and culture in an attempt to determine the role of each in the oppression of women. A critique of the antifeminist and “Islamic feminist’ viewpoints is included. The article offers some methodological suggestions for the comparative study of women and politics in the Arab world, with special emphasis on: voting, legalistic/constitutional method, informal vs. formal politics, and the impact of modernization. The conclusion is predicated on the belief in the limitations of a feminist struggle within the parameters of religion, any religion—in this case Islam. 相似文献
Two issues have seriously hampered studies of the impact of the Davis-Bacon Act. The first is that one must make assumptions
about what the distribution of wages would be in the absence of the statute. It is shown that cost estimates are quite sensitive
to these assumptions. The second is that while Davis-Bacon determinations may increase nonunion wages, they are also likely
to increase the bargaining power of unions leading to higher union wages. Simply estimating the impact on nonunion wages therefore
underestimates the true effect. Union wages are both determined by and a determinant of Davis-Bacon wages. It is found that
Davis-Bacon determinations exert a significant influence on the union’s ability to gain higher wages.
I would like to thank Joseph DiMasi and David Alexander for comments and discussion on an earlier version of this paper. Special
thanks are due an anonymous referee for his support and suggestions. 相似文献
This roundtable discussion examines the issue of identity politics and how identity influences and is influenced by gay/queer politics and theory. The participants discuss how identity politics affects political organizing and activism, how different identity communities can build coalitions, how the language related to identity is evolving, and how sexual attractions and practices interact with identity. The discussants look at how the influx into the gay and lesbian movement of new groups that challenge traditional identity boundaries—e.g., bisexuals and transgendered people—is affecting the movement. Finally, the discussants examine how “idea-based” politics may supplant identity-based politics as a new inclusive paradigm. 相似文献