改革开放二十载财政理论写新篇

改革开放20年来,我国财政理论研究的总趋势为适应经济体制的变化和所有制结构的调整,出现了在财政类型、财政模式、研究内容、研究范围、研究方法、研究气氛和对待西方财政理论方面的七大转变。财政基础理论研究取得了在财政本质、财政职能、理财思想、征税依据与原则和“一体五两”职能方面的五个进展。财政应用理论研究取得了在税制改革、国有资产管理、公债与财政投融资、公共支出、分税制、复式预算、财政平衡、财政与央行分工协作与财政货币政策配套运用和振兴国家财政理论方面的十点贡献。财政理论研究必须以邓小平理论为指导,端正研究的态度和方法,继续遵循深入研究财政基础理论与应用理论的思路,建立有中国特色的社会主义财政理论体系,更好地为改革开放和经济建设服务。     

Spatial Differentiation and Driving Forces of Migrants’ Socio-Economic Integration in Urban China: Evidence from CMDS

Migrants’ socio-economic integration is a major theme in migration research, which can provide economic and cultural benefits. And it will contribute to social stability. The investigation from the spatial perspective should also be considered. This paper aims to examine the spatial differentiation of the socio-economic integration of migrants and identify its driving forces to provide crucial evidence and policy recommendations to urban policymakers and further improve migrants’ socio-economic integration. Based on the latest China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this paper uses global Moran’s I index, hot spot analysis and GWR model to explore spatial differentiation and driving forces of the socio-economic integration of 155,789 migrants in 291 cities at prefecture level and above in China. The results show that: (1) The socio-economic integration of migrants consists of five dimensions, which are economic integration, cultural integration, social security, social relation and psychological integration. Among them, psychological integration is the highest (73.16) and economic integration is the lowest (13.38). (2) The socio-economic integration of migrants is mainly influenced by their own characteristics instead of the destination characteristics. Four factors (age, education, length of stay and population growth rate) positively affect migrants’ socio-economic integration, while three factors (inter-provincial mobility, proportion of tertiary industry in GDP, and ratio of teacher to student in middle school) negatively impact the socio-economic integration of migrants. (3) The socio-economic integration of migrants shows the distribution pattern of agglomeration. And the integration also presents a significant spatial heterogeneity. The driving forces of the socio-economic integration exhibit various zonal spatial differentiation patterns, including “E–W”, “SE–NW”, “NE–SW”, and “S–N”. Finally, some useful recommendations are given for improving migrants’ socio-economic integration.

     

景气指标分类方法的理论研究与实证

景气指标分类是景气预测法中至关重要的环节.在以往的文献中,一般采用一种方法对备选指标进行景气分类,但其结果还存在优化的空间.文章采用四种典型的景气指标分类方法:峰谷对应法、时差相关分析法、K-L信息量法、灰色关联度指标分类法对同样的多个指标进行分类.按照初定方案对四种方法的结果进行综合分析,对结果进行优化调整,应用实例表明:四种方法的优化调整结果比单一方法的结果更合理、更有效、更具有科学性.     

Optimal financing and dividend policy with Markovian switching regimes

This work investigates an optimal financing and dividend problem for an insurer whose surplus process is modulated by an observable continuous-time and finite-state Markov chain. We assume that the insurer should never go bankrupt by issuing new equity. The goal of the insurer is to maximize the expected present value of the dividends payout minus the discounted cost of equity issuance. We obtain the optimal policies and explicit expressions for the value functions when the risk reserve process is modeled by both upward jump model and its diffusion approximation. Numerical illustrations of the sensitivities of the model parameters are provided.     

Marginally oversaturated designs

A special class of supersaturated design, called marginally over saturated design (MOSD), in which the number of variables under investigation (k) is only slightly larger than the number of experimental runs (n), is presented. Several optimality criteria for supersaturated designs are discussed. It is shown that the resolution rank criterion is most appropriate for screening situations. The construction method builds on two major theorems which provide an efficient way to evaluate resolution rank. Examples are given for the cases n=8, 12, 16, and 20. Potential extensions for future work are discussed.     

Construction of Confidence Intervals for the IVIean of a Population Containing Many Zero Values

The likelihood ratio method is used to construct a confidence interval for a population mean when sampling from a population with certain characteristics found in many applications, such as auditing. Specifically, a sample taken from this type of population usually consists of a very large number of zero values, plus a small number of nonzero values that follow some continuous distribution. In this situation, the traditional confidence interval constructed for the population mean is known to be unreliable. This article derives confidence intervals based on the likelihood-ratio-test approach by assuming (1) a normal distribution (normal algorithm) and (2) an exponential distribution (exponential algorithm). Because the error population distribution is usually unknown, it is important to study the robustness of the proposed procedures. We perform an extensive simulation study to compare the percentage of confidence intervals containing the true population mean using the two proposed algorithms with the percentage obtained from the traditional method based on the central limit theorem. It is shown that the normal algorithm is the most robust procedure against many different distributional error assumptions.     

关于带权Hardy不等式

本文得到了Hardy算子Tf(x)=integral from o to x f(t)dt从空间L~p(R_+,vdx)到L~q(R_+,Udx)有界的权函数对(u,v)的特征,其中1≤q相似文献   

大学生创新能力与创新精神的培养

通过对具有较强创新能力和创新精神的人才特征的分析,认为培养大学生创新能力与创新精神应转变教育思想,正确认识知识、能力、创新精神三者的关系;立足于基本能力的锻炼,着眼创新能力和创新精神的培养;注重两个课堂的重要作用的发挥,为创新能力培养营造良好的环境;注重“软件系统”的建设,激励学生创新精神的形成。     

《诺斯托罗莫》与康拉德的艺术主张

约瑟夫·康拉德的长篇社会小说《诺斯托罗莫》以其史诗般恢弘的场面、独特新颖的创作手法和丰富的思想内涵成为二十世纪的经典之作。我国学者对它的介绍和研究远为不够。结合康拉德的艺术主张,从结构布局部、语言和人物刻画方面对这部小说进行了阐释,指出康拉德的艺术主张不仅有利于作者多层次、多角度、更加客观真实地反映事件,再现历史,而且大大提高了作品的丰厚性、含蓄性和作品题旨的多义性。