Risk Factors for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Behavior Problems in Children and Adolescents Following a Home Fire

Based on a model of (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) PTSD by Green, Wilson and Lindy (1986), fifty-six children ages 6 to 17 years were interviewed at five months (T1) and 9 months (T2) after a fire in their homes. Outcome variables were PTSD and behavior problems. Major correlates of the outcome variables, include guilt at T1, worry about other family members at T2, and lack of satisfaction with family support at both times, as well as the attribution that another child did it. The stressor variable, present at the fire, became significant only at T2. The greatest variance in the PTSD scores occurred at T2 suggesting delayed onset or delayed reporting by children. Children may process traumatic events in a different cognitive fashion and in a different time frame than adults. Implications of these results are considered within the context of social work and nursing.     

Gender differentials in industry wage premia, affirmative action, and employment growth on the industry level

While most previous work has examined the gender wage gap by controlling for productivity-related factors, we focus on gender differences in industry wage premia (efficiency wages) on the detailed industry level and examine industry characteristics that might explain such differences. Using data from the 1988 CPS, we find that the extent to which firms in an industry were likely to be targeted for Affirmation Action compliance review, industry employment growth, and industry profitability have helped narrow the gender gap in industry wage premia. Other characteristics, such as capital intensity, mean education, and sales and payroll growth were much less important.     

Has Voluntary Association Activity Declined? Cross‐national Analyses for Fifteen Countries*

Les études antérieures concernant l'adhésion volontaire à des associations aux États‐Unis ont menéà des conclusions contradictoires concernant la diminution du membership. Nous analysons ici des participations nominales et actives à des associations à l'échelle du Canada, des États‐Unis ainsi que de 13 autres pays au début des années 1980 et au début des années 1990. Des comparaisons en fonction du temps sont faites, incluant les syndicats et les organisations religieuses, et excluant ces groupes, avant et après des'contrôles. Les résultats fournissent peu de preuves de déclin, pour le Canada, les États‐Unis ou les autres nations, en particulier pour des adhésions actives. Sans et avec contrôles, les États‐Unis, la République fédérale d'Allemagne et les Pays‐Bas font état d'augmentations significatives d'adhésions actives à des syndicats. Seule l'Espagne affiche des baisses substantielles d'adhésions actives au cours de cette période. Mis à part quelques exceptions, le tableau général en est un de stabilité, sans changement significatif. Previous studies of voluntary association membership in the United States have generated inconsistent conclusions about whether membership has declined. We analyse here both nominal and active association involvements for national samples from Canada, the U.S., and 13 other societies in the early 1980s and early 1990s. Temporal comparisons are made, with union and religious memberships both included and excluded, before and after controls. The results provide little evidence of decline, for Canada, the U.S., or the other nations, particularly for working memberships. Both without and with controls, the U.S., West Germany, and the Netherlands exhibit significant increases in working memberships. Only Spain shows substantial declines in working memberships over the period. With few exceptions, the overall pattern is one of stability, or no significant change.     

Bridging the Gap: ‘Doing Gender’, ‘Hegemonic Masculinity’, and the Educational Troubles of Boys

This article reviews popular and social scientific perspectives on the academic gender gap in education, specifically the finding that boys underperform compared to girls. The article highlights the utility of sociology in analyzing the gender gap and in guiding how educators respond to students’ gender. It suggests that contemporary gender theories ‘doing gender’ and ‘hegemonic masculinity’ offer the best lenses through which to view academic gender differences. These perspectives can frame boys’ academic troubles as an important social problem, but one that is rooted in the social construction of masculinity rather than institutional discrimination against boys.     

A global sense of religious place: the production of religious and spiritual sites through local–global entanglements and global mobilities

Places of worship in the Christian tradition are often considered to retain fixed and static identities. However, circuits of globalization and global mobilities are increasingly present within such sites and drawn upon to construct new forms of place and geographies filtered through the individual church’s channels of mobilities. Following on from the new mobilities paradigm and relational approaches to ‘place’, this paper explores how the global and the local become implicated in places of worship. Using participant-observation and diary-interview methods based in Baptist churches in Bristol, UK, and framing the findings through Urry’s framework (Mobilities, Cambridge: Polity, 2007), the research examines the multiple interdependent mobilities of imaginary travel, communication, virtual travel, and corporeal travel. Whilst global mobilities were present within the sites, locality and local mobilities also featured prominently. The combination of interdependent mobilities, produced unique place identities in each of church that engaged with the global yet retained local circuits and community identity.